Dance Experiences Associated with Body-Image and Personality among College Students: A Comparison of Dancers and Nondancers

1993 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 507-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sally A. Radell ◽  
Daniel D. Adame ◽  
Thomas C. Johnson ◽  
Steven P. Cole
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Body Image ◽  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Short Form ◽  
External Control ◽  
Health Evaluation ◽  
Fitness Evaluation ◽  
Evaluation Scores ◽  
Main Effect

This study assessed associations among measures of body-image and locus of control for 32 college students in dance classes and 26 students enrolled in a personal health class over a 16-wk. semester. Students took the Winstead and Cash 54-item short-form Body Self-relations Questionnaire and the Adult Nowicki-Strickland Internal-External Control Scale. For locus of control there was a statistically significant main effect for time. Over-all, subjects scored as more internally oriented from pretest to posttest. However, there was a significant interaction; dancers scored more internally on locus of control at pretest than nondancers, but at posttest there were no significant differences between groups. For the Fitness Evaluation subscale of body-image there was a statistically significant interaction. Dancers had lower Fitness Evaluation scores at pretest than the nondancers but at posttest there were no significant differences between the groups. For Fitness Orientation there was a significant main effect for time. Subjects at pretest had higher Fitness Orientation scores than at posttest. For the Health Evaluation subscale of body-image there was a significant main effect for time. Over-all, subjects at pretest had higher Health Evaluation scores than at post-test.

Locus of Control and Field Dependence as Factors in Students' Evaluations of Applied Music Instruction

1991 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles P. Schmidt ◽  
Robert Stephans
Keyword(s):  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Field Dependence ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Music Instruction ◽  
Music Majors ◽  
Music Teaching ◽  
Applied Music ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Applied Music Instruction

This study examined students' evaluations of applied music teaching as a function of the students' attributes of locus of control and field dependence/independence. 70 undergraduate music majors listened to an audiotape of an applied piano lesson taught by one of two teachers, Subjects evaluated the teacher by means of (a) the Applied Teaching Rating Scale and (b) the Favorable and Unfavorable Scales of the Adjective Checklist. The former ratings and the ratio of favorable to unfavorable adjectives were examined by means of 3 × 3 factorial multivariate analysis of variance. A significant effect of locus of control was found for the adjective ratio, with externally oriented subjects rating teachers significantly less favorably than relatively internally oriented subjects. No significant main effect for field dependence was found. A significant interaction was noted for both the ratings and the adjective ratio, with 19% and 15% of the variance, respectively, explained.

Alcohol Consumption and Looking for Alternatives to Drinking in College Students

1989 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin J. Corcoran ◽  
Michelle D. Carney
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Social Learning Theory ◽  
Heavy Drinking ◽  
External Control ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Alternative Behaviors ◽  
Psychotherapy Clients ◽  
The Relationship

Rotter (1978) has suggested that, within social learning theory, a generalized expectancy related to internal versus external control of reinforcement (“locus of control”) is that of “looking for alternatives.” Rotter suggests that psychotherapy clients may be taught to look for alternatives to their problematic behavior. Within this framework college students were surveyed to examine the relationship between alcohol consumption and expectancy of finding satisfying alternative behaviors to drinking. After assessing the frequency and quantity of alcohol consumption, subjects were presented with a description of a situation in which a same sex friend asked them to go out for a “couple of drinks.” They were then asked to rate on a scale of 1 to 100 how likely it was that there were satisfying alternatives to following the friend’s suggestion. Results supported the hypothesis that heavier drinkers had a significantly lower expectancy that satisfactory alternatives to drinking were available. Results are discussed in terms of research and intervention with heavy-drinking college students.

Age Differences in Locus of Control and Self-Monitoring in China

1997 ◽  
Vol 81 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1089-1090 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Li
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Junior High School ◽  
Individual Development ◽  
Control Beliefs ◽  
External Control ◽  
School Students ◽  
Self Monitoring

Locus of control and self-monitoring were measured in three age groups in Changchun, northeastern China: 164 junior high school students (12–15 yr.), 121 college students (16–26 yr.), and 46 adults (29–57 yr.). Analysis indicated that adults and college students scored higher on locus of control ( Ms = 10.0 and 9.2, scores indicating the number of external control beliefs affirmed) than high school students ( M = 6.1) and that adults scored lower on self-monitoring ( M = 8.7) than college and high school students ( Ms = 11.6 and 10.6). Such differences seem attributable to the interaction between individual development and some societal factors that are believed to foster external control beliefs and propensity to self-monitoring.

Internal-External Control, Achievement Orientation and Physical Attractiveness of College Students

1976 ◽  
Vol 38 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1205-1206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas F. Cash ◽  
Phyllis J. Begley
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Internal Control ◽  
Physical Attractiveness ◽  
External Control ◽  
Achievement Orientation ◽  
Female College ◽  
Physically Attractive

The validity of the stereotype by which physically attractive persons are attributed greater internal control and greater success orientation than unattractive persons was studied among college students. For 32 male and 32 female college undergraduates, while attractiveness was unrelated to achievement orientation, attractive individuals were in fact more internal in their locus of control.

Descriptive Statistics, Reliability and Validity of a Short Form of Rotter's Locus of Control Scale Given to Iranian College Students

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 229-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Shapurian ◽  
Mohammadreza Hojat
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Control Scale ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Iranian Students ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

A short form of Rotter's locus of control scale was administered to two samples of Iranian students. Sample I comprised 305 students in Iranian universities and Sample II consisted of 232 Iranian college students in the USA. Descriptive statistics for each sample are reported. Test-retest reliability over 3 wk. was .84, and the alpha estimates were .82 for both samples. Scores were correlated in expected directions with measures of depression, neuroticism, anxiety, self-esteem, and loneliness.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Teaching Transactional Analysis Theory and College Students’ Locus of Control: an Empirical Research

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Mei
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
External Control ◽  
Transactional Analysis ◽  
Psychology Education ◽  
Analysis Theory ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Questionnaire Surveys ◽  
The Relationship

An investigation, through empirical research, of the relationship between education in Transactional Analysis theory and the Locus of Control of college students. Two questionnaire surveys were conducted before and after the Transactional Analysis classes, and personal narrative reports by the students were collected. It was found that psychology education in Transactional Analysis correlated with a reduction in scores for the External Control proclivity of the 81 students, and their assignments displayed similar proclivity. Transactional Analysis knowledge was shown to help students discover and explore their own potentials and liberate their creativity. It is proposed that an increase of transactional analysis theory in the education of college students should be considered.

Relationship between Machiavellianism, External Control, and Cognitive Style among College Students

1976 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 805-806 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. K. Maroldo ◽  
L. C. Flachmeier ◽  
L. K. Johnston ◽  
J. L. Mayer ◽  
M. I. Peter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Cognitive Style ◽  
Cognitive Structure ◽  
External Control ◽  
Multiple Correlation ◽  
Object Sorting ◽  
Sorting Test

This experiment determined relationships between Machiavellianism, locus of control, and cognitive style. 115 subjects, 56 males, 59 females, ages 18 to 21, were selected from Interim students at Texas Lutheran College, Seguin, Texas. The M Mach IV test measured Machiavellian tendencies. The I-E scale measured external attitudes. The Object Sorting Test measured categorizing style and cognitive structure by having subjects divide 50-word representations into groups. A significant correlation for all subjects was found between M Mach IV and I-E, none between M Mach IV and Object Sorting or between I-E and Object Sorting. No sex differences were noted. A multiple correlation among the three scores indicated some relationship between Machiavellianism, locus of control, and cognitive style.

Rating of Importance of Job Factors by Office Employees as a Function of Internal-External Control Scores

1983 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 323-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meryl Silvers ◽  
Richard Deni
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Office Workers ◽  
External Control ◽  
Control Scale ◽  
Scale Scores ◽  
Job Characteristic ◽  
Office Employees

30 office workers completed two questionnaires including (a) the Internal-External Control Scale and (b) a 10-item survey asking for ratings of importance assigned to job-satisfaction issues written to portray internally-and externally-oriented factors. Subjects were assigned to two equal groups (internal and external) based on their Control Scale scores. The two average ratings (internally- and externally-oriented job-satisfaction issues) were used as dependent measures in a two-factor analysis. Over-all, subjects rated internally-oriented issues more important than externally-oriented issues. There was also a significant interaction between locus of control and the orientation of the job-satisfaction issue rated on importance. The highest ratings of importance were obtained for internal subjects rating internally-oriented items and external subjects rating externally-oriented items. These data clearly indicated that perception of a job characteristic, the importance of a job-satisfaction issue, was a function of general perception of contingency.

The Ability of Listeners to Report Oral Responses of Black and White Children

1979 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn Clark Gerken ◽  
John W. Deichmann
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Nonstandard Analysis ◽  
First Grade ◽  
Intelligence Scale ◽  
White Children ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Oral Responses ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
White College

A group of 20 black and 20 white college students viewed videotapes of eight first-grade boys and recorded in writing the boys' responses to 10 vocabulary items from the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC). The eight boys represented four dialect groups: black standard, black nonstandard, white standard, and white nonstandard. Analysis of the data revealed significant interactions between race and dialect of child relative to (1) a listener’s ability to report in writing a child’s verbatim responses without producing a change in the WISC scoring of the responses, and (2) a listener’s ability to restate in writing a child’s responses without producing a change in the scoring of the responses. Further, both dialect and race of child were found to be significantly related to (3) the total number of errors the listener makes in writing the child’s responses. The race of the listener as a main effect was not found to be significantly related to (1), (2), or (3). However, significant interaction did occur between race of listener and race of child, as well as among race of listener, race of child, and dialect of child relative to (3), the total number of errors the listener makes in writing the child’s responses.

scholarly journals Body Investment, Depression, and Alcohol Use as Risk Factors for Suicide Proneness in College Students

Crisis ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 118-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorian A. Lamis ◽  
Patrick S. Malone ◽  
Jennifer Langhinrichsen-Rohling ◽  
Thomas E. Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
College Students ◽  
Body Image ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Short Form ◽  
The Body ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Life Attitudes ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Image Component

Background: Individuals who are less invested in their bodies, experiencing symptoms of depression, and consuming alcohol are at increased risk for engaging in suicidal behaviors. Aims: This study examined the relationships among three risk factors – body investment, depression, and alcohol use – and suicide proneness as measured by the Life Attitudes Schedule – Short Form (LAS-SF) in college students (N = 318). Methods: Path analysis was used to construct a causal model of suicide proneness. The Body Investment Scale (BIS) subscales were assumed to be causally prior to depression, which was in turn modeled as occurring prior to alcohol use, which was in turn modeled as prior to suicide proneness. Results: As expected, suicide proneness was positively predicted by alcohol use, alcohol use was positively predicted by depression, and depression was negatively predicted by the body image component of the BIS. Additionally, the body image-suicide proneness link was significantly mediated by depression and its direct effect on suicide proneness as well as by the two-mediator path of body image on depression on drinking on suicide proneness. Conclusions: Implications are offered for the improved identification and treatment of young adults at risk for suicidal and health-diminishing behaviors.

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