Communicative Responsibility and Semantic Task in Aphasia and “Schizophasia”

1994 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 1027-1039 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Goldfarb ◽  
Beatrice Stocker ◽  
Jon Eisenson ◽  
Susan Desanti
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Research Tool ◽  
Semantic Task ◽  
Probe Technique ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Normal Elderly Control ◽  
Continued Use ◽  
Elderly Control

A probe technique requiring convergent and divergent semantic behavior and representing five levels of communicative responsibility served as the research tool. Stimuli were presented to 29 aphasic adults (13 Broca's, 7 Wernicke's, and 9 anomic), 26 adults with chronic undifferentiated schizophrenia, and 32 normal elderly control subjects. Within each group significant differences were observed on the semantic task (convergent and divergent) and on level of communicative responsibility. Among subjects with aphasia, differences appeared to relate more to severity than type. Differences between unclassified aphasic and “schizophasic” groups occurred only when multiword responses were required. We conclude that continued use of the term “schizophasia” may be unwarranted and that the linguistic behaviors we observed in aphasia and the language of schizophrenia may contribute to differential diagnosis.

Long-lived picture priming in normal elderly persons and demented patients

1998 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 336-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
WILLIAM W. BEATTY ◽  
SHELLEY ENGLISH ◽  
PETER WINN
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Vascular Dementia ◽  
Explicit Memory ◽  
Elderly Persons ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Memory Functions ◽  
Dementia Patients ◽  
Normal Elderly Control ◽  
Elderly Control

Normal elderly control participants showed short-term (10-min delay) and long-term (12 months delay) priming on the Gollin Figures Test. Nearly all patients with Alzheimer's disease or vascular dementia showed short-term priming, but the magnitude of their priming was less than that of controls. Significant long-term priming was not observed for the dementia groups. Differences between controls and dementia patients on the short-term priming test may depend upon structural–perceptual processes that are intact in dementia patients and controls and explicit memory functions available only to controls. The same model could account for differences between normal elderly and dementia patients on the long-term priming test, but several other explanations are also plausible. (JINS, 1998, 4, 336–341.)

Drawing disability in patients with senile dementia

1984 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Moore ◽  
Maria A. Wyke
Keyword(s):  
Senile Dementia ◽  
Intellectual Functioning ◽  
Brain Lesions ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Drawing Tasks ◽  
Severity Of Dementia ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Elderly Control

SynopsisA series of drawing tasks was administered to 15 patients with senile dementia who were assessed for intellectual functioning and severity of dementia. Their performance was compared with that of 15 elderly control subjects. The demented patients' spontaneous drawings were found to be impoverished in comparison with those of the controls. Copies of the same objects included more details, but these tended to be wrongly positioned in space. The performance of the patients with dementia was unlike that reported for patients with focal brain lesions. Significant relations were found between drawing performance and intellectual functioning and severity of dementia. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.

A radioimmunoassay for 18-hydroxycortisol in plasma and urine.

1985 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 849-852 ◽  
Author(s):  
J E Corrie ◽  
C R Edwards ◽  
P S Budd
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Primary Aldosteronism ◽  
Biochemical Marker ◽  
Zona Glomerulosa ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Increased excretion of 18-hydroxycortisol has been proposed as a specific biochemical marker for differential diagnosis of primary aldosteronism. We describe the development of a direct RIA with an 125I label that permits measurement of the steroid in less than or equal to 0.5 microL of urine or less than or equal to 25 microL of plasma. For control subjects, the mean concentrations of 18-hydroxycortisol in urine and plasma were 310 (SD 178) nmol/24 h (n = 32) and 2.27 (SD 0.80) nmol/L (n = 37), respectively; patients with Conn's adenoma or glucocorticoid-remediable aldosteronism had values for urine in the range 1084 to 6534 nmol/24 h and concentrations in plasma ranging from 6.49 to 31.20 nmol/L. Patients with idiopathic zona glomerulosa hyperplasia had values for urine and plasma ranging from 353 to 734 nmol/24 h and from 0.26 to 6.60 nmol/L, respectively. Concentrations of 18-hydroxycortisol in urine clearly discriminate patients with idiopathic hyperplasia from those with other forms of primary aldosteronism, but further work is required to assess the diagnostic accuracy of determinations in plasma.

Effects of Listeners' Experience on Two Measures of Intelligibility

1992 ◽  
Vol 74 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1099-1104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee W. Ellis ◽  
Donald J. Fucci
Keyword(s):  
Magnitude Estimation ◽  
Speech Intelligibility ◽  
Previous Experience ◽  
Speech Language Pathologists ◽  
Extensive Experience ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
Continued Use

10 speech-language pathologists with extensive experience in judging speakers' intelligibility and 10 control subjects with no such previous experience provided written identification and magnitude-estimation scaling judgments of the intelligibility of nine audiotaped speech samples. Analysis indicated no significant main effect for experience on either the written identification or the magnitude-estimation scaling tasks. Implications for the continued use of magnitude-estimation scaling as a measure of speech intelligibility are discussed.

scholarly journals Head Motion Parameters in fMRI Differ Between Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer Disease Versus Elderly Control Subjects

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 801-807 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sven Haller ◽  
Andreas U. Monsch ◽  
Jonas Richiardi ◽  
Frederik Barkhof ◽  
Reto W. Kressig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Alzheimer Disease ◽  
Head Motion ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Motion Parameters ◽  
Elderly Control

scholarly journals The neuropsychological profiles of mild Alzheimer's disease and questionable dementia as compared to age-related cognitive decline

2003 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 720-732 ◽  
Author(s):  
ELISE CACCAPPOLO-VAN VLIET ◽  
JENNIFER MANLY ◽  
MING-XIN TANG ◽  
KAREN MARDER ◽  
KAREN BELL ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cognitive Domain ◽  
Group Status ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Mini Mental Status Exam ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Questionable Dementia ◽  
Elderly Control

Test scores from a comprehensive neuropsychological battery administered to 1602 subjects consisting of 1347 subjects with probable Alzheimer's disease (AD), 100 subjects with questionable dementia (QD) and 155 non-demented elderly control subjects were cross-sectionally analyzed. Subjects with probable AD were categorized as mild (n = 244), moderate (n = 480), severe (n = 376), and very severe (n = 247) according to modified mini mental status exam (mMMSE) scores. Mean scores on individual neuropsychological tests are provided for each group of subjects. Stratified random sampling was performed to select a sample of mild AD subjects who were matched in age and education to non-demented elderly controls, and analyses focused on the performance of QD subjects and mild AD subjects, whose scores were compared to those of the elderly control subjects. Selected scores were organized by cognitive domain and logistic regressions were used to determine the domains and individual tests within each that were most predictive of group status. Results suggested a profile of scores associated with QD and mild AD including impaired recall of verbal information for both groups. Areas of lower functioning in QD subjects as compared to elderly controls included category fluency and visuospatial ability. (JINS, 2003, 9, 720–732.)

The Radiographic Trabecular Pattern of Hips in Patients With Hip Fractures and in Elderly Control Subjects

Bone ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.G.M Geraets ◽  
P.F Van der Stelt ◽  
P Lips ◽  
F.C Van Ginkel
Keyword(s):  
Hip Fractures ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Trabecular Pattern ◽  
Elderly Control

Perceptual Evidence for an Anomalous Distribution of Rods and Cones in the Retinas of Dyslexics: A New Hypothesis

1989 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 683-698 ◽  
Author(s):  
George S. Grosser ◽  
Carol S. Spafford
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Eye Movements ◽  
Peripheral Retina ◽  
Rods And Cones ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Perceptual Evidence ◽  
New Hypothesis

The present study tested the hypothesis that from the ability of dyslexics to read peripheral letters one may infer the presence of cones, those visual receptors specialized for acuity, in the peripheral retina. The cones are also the receptors for color discriminations. The method of retinal perimetry was used to map color-sensitive zones of the retina for 14 dyslexic and 14 control subjects. A statistically significant difference showed that the 14 dyslexics reported colors at more peripheral positions than did the 14 normal readers. These data are consistent with the premise that dyslexics have an anomalous distribution of retinal receptors. These findings perhaps may help to explain the erratic eye movements of some dyslexics. It is suggested that retinal perimetry might be one component of a diagnostic battery for the differential diagnosis of dyslexics.

Cloze Procedure and Type Token Ratio: an aid to diagnosis

1991 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-63
Author(s):  
BD Damba ◽  
S Burner ◽  
H Lôo
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Verbal Communication ◽  
Communication Patterns ◽  
State Control ◽  
Manic State ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Quantitative Linguistics ◽  
Cloze Procedure ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients

SummaryDisturbances in the verbal communication patterns of manic and schizophrenic patients have been identified as two tools borrowed from quantitative linguistics: the Cloze Procedure and the Type Token Ratio (TTR). The Cloze Procedure, which measures the communicability of a message, consists of suppressing systematically every “nth” word of a text and in asking raters to try and guess the missing words. The Cloze Score of each text is then evaluated. The TTR measures the index of repetitiveness of a text or, in other words, its verbal richness. The degree of communicability, or overall comprehension, and the index of verbal richness are obtained through the analysis of a corpus of oral texts which have been recorded and transcribed. The patients are all paired with suitable controls. It was shown that low Cloze Scores (CS) and low TTR identify schizophrenic patients, whereas low CS and high TTR indicate a manic state. Control subjects show both high CS and high TTR. These results suggest that the Cloze Procedure linked with TTR can provide substantial aid to the differential diagnosis of mania and schizophrenia.

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