Effects of Nondirective Suggestions on Pain Tolerance, Pain Threshold and Pain Intensity Perception

1997 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 963-966 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Neumann ◽  
H. Seelbach ◽  
J. Kugler ◽  
G. M. Krüskemper
Keyword(s):  
Pain Intensity ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Pain Threshold ◽  
General Information ◽  
Pain Tolerance ◽  
The Other ◽  
Information Cues ◽  
Intensity Perception ◽  
Pressure Algometer ◽  
Maximum Pain

In this experiment, we followed the issue whether nondirective suggestions have an effect on pain threshold, pain tolerance, and perception of pain intensity. 48 healthy subjects consented to take part. At intake into the study (t1), pain threshold and pain tolerance were assessed in all subjects using a pressure algometer. Perception of maximum pain intensity perception was rated on a scale of 0 to 25. Seven days later, the session was repeated (t2). Subjects were randomly assigned to one of two groups. One group received nondirective suggestions as pretreatment. Subjects listened to a tape of 20 min. which consisted of general information about pain theory. In this context, suggestions for coping with pain were placed. The other group served as a control and received no pretreatment. Analysis showed that pain tolerance was significantly prolonged in the group who received nondirective suggestions, while pain threshold and perception of maximum pain intensity did not differ across groups. This study demonstrates that nondirective suggestions are effective in prolonging pain tolerance. It can be stated that, beside information, cues on coping with pain may be helpful in clinical practice.

A meta-analysis on pain sensitivity in self-injury

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (8) ◽  
pp. 1597-1612 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Koenig ◽  
J. F. Thayer ◽  
M. Kaess
Keyword(s):  
Pain Intensity ◽  
Pain Sensitivity ◽  
Pain Threshold ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Pain Tolerance ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Hand Search ◽  
Self Injury

Individuals engaging in self-injurious behavior (SIB) frequently report absence of pain during acts of SIB. While altered pain sensitivity is discussed as a risk factor for the engagement in SIB, results have been mixed with considerable variance across reported effect sizes, in particular with respect to the effect of co-morbid psychopathology. The present meta-analysis aimed to summarize the current evidence on pain sensitivity in individuals engaging in SIB and to identify covariates of altered pain processing. Three databases were searched without restrictions. Additionally a hand search was performed and reference lists of included studies were checked for potential studies eligible for inclusion. Thirty-two studies were identified after screening 720 abstracts by two independent reviewers. Studies were included if they reported (i) an empirical investigation, in (ii) humans, including a sample of individuals engaging in (iii) SIB and a group of (iv) healthy controls, (v) receiving painful stimulation. Random-effects meta-analysis was performed on three pain-related outcomes (pain threshold, pain tolerance, pain intensity) and several population- and study-level covariates (i.e. age, sex, clinical etiology) were subjected to meta-regression. Meta-analysis revealed significant main effects associated with medium to large effect sizes for all included outcomes. Individuals engaging in SIB show greater pain threshold and tolerance and report less pain intensity compared to healthy controls. Clinical etiology and age are significant covariates of pain sensitivity in individuals engaging in SIB, such that pain threshold is further increased in borderline personality disorder compared to non-suicidal self-injury. Mechanisms underlying altered pain sensitivity are discussed.

Design and Evaluation of a Computer-Controlled Pressure Algometer

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael M. Zimkowski ◽  
Emily M. Lindley ◽  
Vikas V. Patel ◽  
Mark E. Rentschler
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Pain Threshold ◽  
Pressure Pain Threshold ◽  
Pain Tolerance ◽  
Large Variability ◽  
Pressure Pain ◽  
New Device ◽  
Pressure Algometer ◽  
Computer Controlled

A challenge is always presented when attempting to measure the pain an individual patient experiences. Unfortunately, present technologies rely nearly exclusively on subjective techniques. Using these current techniques, a physician may use a manually operated algometer and a series of questionnaires to gauge an individual patient’s pain scale. Unfortunately these devices and test methods have been suggested to introduce error due to variability and inconsistent testing methods. Some studies have shown large variability, while others have shown minimal variability, both between patients and within the same patient during multiple testing sessions. Recent studies have also shown a lack of correlation between pain threshold and pain tolerance in pain sensitivity tests. Hand-held algometer devices can be difficult to maintain consistent application rates over multiple test periods, possibly adding to widespread variability. Furthermore, there are limited test results that correlate pain ratings with biological measures in real time. The computer-controlled pressure algometer described is not hand-held or dependent on significant examiner input. This new device is capable of recording electrocardiograph (ECG), blood pressure (BP), pressure pain threshold (PPT), and pressure pain tolerance (PPTol) in real time. One major goal is the capability of correlating pain stimuli with algometer pressure, heart rate, and blood pressure. If a predictable correlation between vital signs and pain could be established, significant gains in the understanding of pain could result. Better understanding of pain will ultimately lead to improvements in treatment and diagnosis of pain conditions, helping patients and physicians alike.

Effects of Pain-Incompatible Imagery on Tolerance of Pain, Heart Rate, and Skin Resistance

1997 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 939-943 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Neumann ◽  
P. Pfand-Neumann ◽  
H. Seelbach ◽  
J. Kugler ◽  
N. Schmitz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Skin Resistance ◽  
Pain Tolerance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Information Cues ◽  
Pressure Algometer ◽  
Pain Reaction ◽  
Second Pain ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Group

Imagery is an important component in strategies for coping with pain. In this study, we examined, whether imagery influences tolerance for pain and whether subjects, trained in pain-incompatible imagery differ in heart rate and skin resistance from these in a control group during a pain-induction session. 39 subjects were randomly assigned to two groups: imagery and control. Both groups had two pain-induction sessions At intake into the study (t1), Pain Tolerance and Psychophysiological Reaction to Pain were assessed using a pressure algometer. After the first session, the experimental group received 1 hr. of training in pain-incompatible imagery. Seven days later, the session was repeated (t2). The results showed that Pain Tolerance was significantly increased in the group who used pain-incompatible imagery. One might follow the notion that increased Pain Tolerance is associated with increased Psychophysiological Pain Reaction, but results suggest the contrary. Subjects trained in pain-incompatible imagery had lower heart rates during the second pain induction than the control group. Groups did not differ with regard to skin resistance. It can be stated that besides information, cues on coping with pain may be helpful in clinical practice.

Improving Exposure Component and Generalization Potential of Stress Inoculation for Pain

1979 ◽  
Vol 48 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1132-1134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gail Hackett ◽  
John J. Horan ◽  
Jay Buchanan ◽  
Paul Zumoff
Keyword(s):  
Coping Skills ◽  
Cold Pressor ◽  
Pain Tolerance ◽  
The Other ◽  
Stress Inoculation ◽  
Practice Session ◽  
Cold Pressor Task ◽  
Pressure Algometer ◽  
Dimensions Of Pain ◽  
Psychological Dimensions

Stress inoculation for pain involves education about the psychological dimensions of pain, training in a number of coping skills, and practice in applying these skills during exposure to the noxious stimulus. In a previous study the exposure component (which involved six practice sessions) proved ineffective; moreover the efficacy of the other components was not repeated on the generalization measures. The present study compared three variations in the exposure component and found that training with a single practice session on the cold pressor task proved more helpful than training with no practice at all, which in turn was no worse than training with six practice sessions. Moreover, therapeutic attention to generalization resulted in increased pain tolerance on the pressure algometer task.

Pain Responsivity in Women with Premenstrual Syndrome across the Menstrual Cycle

1986 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 387-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej R. Kuczmierczyk ◽  
Henry E. Adams ◽  
Karen S. Calhoun ◽  
Simona Naor ◽  
Robert Giombetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Pain Intensity ◽  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
Premenstrual Syndrome ◽  
Pain Sensitivity ◽  
Pain Threshold ◽  
Pain Tolerance ◽  
Behavioral Measures ◽  
Menstrual Cycles

11 women with a clinical diagnosis of Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) and 10 control women with no such diagnosis were compared on pain threshold and pain-tolerance measures in the intermenstrual and premenstrual phases of their menstrual cycles. No significant differences were found between the groups for behavioral measures of pain sensitivity. Ratings of pain intensity, however, were higher in both phases for the PMS group.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the analgesic activity of single and multiple oral doses of teneligliptin (20 mg/day), using hot air analgesiometer in healthy human volunteers: a randomized, double blind, placebo controlled, cross over study

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 498
Author(s):  
Maleha Butul ◽  
Usharani Pingali ◽  
Chandrasekhar Nutalapati
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Analgesic Activity ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Pain Threshold ◽  
Pain Tolerance ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Hot Air ◽  
Multiple Doses ◽  
Dose Study ◽  
Significant Change

Background DPP-4inhibitors showed analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity in human and animal-studies. DPP-4 inhibitors improved nerve function and thermal nociception in animal models. Aim of the study was to explore analgesic activity of single and multiple doses of teneligliptin 20 mg/day using hot air analgesiometer in healthy human volunteers.Methods: After IEC approval and informed consent, subjects were randomized to receive either teneligliptin 20 mg or placebo in double-blinded manner with standard breakfast. Mean pain threshold and tolerance(sec) using hot air analgesiometer were recorded at baseline and 1 hr, 2 hrs post drug on day1, for single dose study. Subsequently drugs were administered under supervision daily for 6 days and same procedure repeated on day8 for multiple-dose study. After 2 weeks washout, subjects crossed over in period 2 to other formulation and same procedure repeated to determine study parameters. Fasting blood-sugar (FBS) monitored, ADRs recorded in CRF. Statistical analysis done with SPSS20.0.Results: Twelve-healthy subjects (8 males, 4 females) with mean age 33.08±4.69 years, mean BMI 22.6±1.37kg/m2 participated. Single dose teneligliptin produced significant increase in pain threshold (35.9%) and pain tolerance (25.1%) (p<0.0001) at 1hour compared to baseline. With multiple doses, pain threshold increased by 37.1% and pain tolerance by 25.4% (p<0.0001) at 1hour compared to baseline. The increase in pain threshold and tolerance values at 1 and 2 hours were similar. There was no significant change in pain threshold(p=0.4135) and tolerance (p=0.4476) at baseline on day1 and day 8. Placebo showed non-significant change in study parameters. Both treatments well tolerated. FBS of volunteers within normal limits during treatment period and no hypoglycemia reported.Conclusions: Results of our study suggest that teneligliptin20mg in healthy subjects demonstrated significant analgesic activity on day 1 and day 8 compared to baseline & placebo. Its role in painful diabetic conditions can be further explored.

Effect of Acupuncture on Pain Threshold and Pain Tolerance Determined by Electrical Stimulation of the Skin: A Controlled Study

1975 ◽  
Vol 03 (02) ◽  
pp. 143-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Stacher ◽  
I. Wancura ◽  
P. Bauer ◽  
R. Lahoda ◽  
D. Schulze
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Pain Threshold ◽  
Pain Tolerance ◽  
Blind Study ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Real Acupuncture ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Stimulation Of

The effect of needling traditional acupuncture loci (Ho-ku, L1-4; Nei-Kuan, EH-6) compared to arbitrarily chosen points was measured in twelve healthy subjects. In a crossover blind study pain tolerance and pain threshold were measured by electrical stimulation of the skin in the thyroid area. Traditional acupuncture was found to be significantly more effective in elevating pain threshold than needling of arbitrarily chosen points. Pain tolerance also rose more under "real" acupuncture, the difference, however, being statistically not significant. In one subject, threshold and tolerance increased more under needling of nonacupunture loci, while two subjects did not show any changes under either procedure.

Predicting Postoperative Pain by Preoperative Pressure Pain Assessment

2005 ◽  
Vol 103 (3) ◽  
pp. 613-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yung-Wei Hsu ◽  
Jacques Somma ◽  
Yu-Chun Hung ◽  
Pei-Shan Tsai ◽  
Chen-Hsien Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Postoperative Pain ◽  
Pain Score ◽  
Pain Threshold ◽  
Pressure Pain Threshold ◽  
Pain Tolerance ◽  
Morphine Consumption ◽  
Gynecologic Surgery ◽  
Postanesthesia Care Unit ◽  
Pressure Pain ◽  
Pressure Algometer

Background The goal of this study was to evaluate whether preoperative pressure pain sensitivity testing is predictive of postoperative surgical pain. Methods Female subjects undergoing lower abdominal gynecologic surgery were studied. A pressure algometer was used preoperatively to determine the pressure pain threshold and tolerance. A visual analog scale (VAS) was used to assess postoperative pain. A State-Trait Anxiety Inventory was used to assess patients' anxiety. Subjects received intravenous patient-controlled analgesia for postoperative pain control. The preoperative pain threshold and tolerance were compared with the postoperative VAS pain score and morphine consumption. Results Forty women were enrolled. Their preoperative pressure pain threshold and tolerance were 141 +/- 65 kPa and 223 +/- 62 kPa, respectively. The VAS pain score in the postanesthesia care unit and at 24 h postoperatively were 81 +/- 24 and 31 +/- 10, respectively. Highly anxious patients had higher VAS pain scores in the postanesthesia care unit (P &lt; 0.05). Pressure pain tolerance was significantly correlated with the VAS at 24 h postoperatively (P &lt; 0.001, r = -0.52). Pressure pain tolerance after fentanyl administration (mean, 272 +/- 68 kPa) correlated significantly with morphine consumption in the first 24 h postoperatively (P &lt; 0.002, r = -0.48). Conclusions Assessment of preoperative pressure pain tolerance is significantly correlated with the level of postoperative pain. Pain tolerance assessment after fentanyl was administered and fentanyl sensitivity predicted the dose of analgesics used in the first 24 h after surgery. The algometer is thus a simple, useful tool for predicting postoperative pain and analgesic consumption.

Jaw Pain and Stiffness Levels After Repeated Maximum Voluntary Clenching

1989 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.T. Clark ◽  
R.W. Jow ◽  
J.J. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Pain ◽  
Pain Threshold ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Pain Tolerance ◽  
Normal Male ◽  
Temporalis Muscle ◽  
Muscle Tenderness ◽  
Maximum Pain ◽  
The Right ◽  
Male Subjects

Ten normal male volunteers performed six maximum voluntary isometric jaw-closing muscle contractions within an 80-minute experimental period. Each individual contraction was sustained until maximum pain tolerance was reached. Before and one, two, three, and seven days after the experiment, the following measures were made: (1) superficial masseter and anterior temporalis muscle tenderness (pain threshold), (2) jaw movement (opening and lateral excursion), and (3) current pain level for the right and left sides of the jaw. In this study, measures of current jaw pain, muscle pain threshold, maximum active opening, and maximum lateral excursions showed no significant post-experimental changes. These results challenge the idea that sustained isometric clenching in healthy male subjects could be used as a model for chronic or even subacute muscle pain, as has been suggested by previous investigators.

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