Acquisition and Extinction of Shuttlebox Avoidance in Chinchilla (Chinchilla Lanigera)

1974 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-105
Author(s):  
John B. Carman
Keyword(s):  
Avoidance Training ◽  
Extinction Training ◽  
Avoidance Acquisition ◽  
Shuttlebox Avoidance ◽  
Optimum Performance ◽  
Superior Avoidance ◽  
A Performance

2 groups of chinchillas ( Chinchilla lanigera) were trained to avoid shock (1.6 mA or 3.0 mA) in a two-way shuttlebox. The less intense US produced substantially superior avoidance acquisition. The higher US intensity generated an unexpected increase in the level of intertrial responding during extinction training. This effect was interpreted in terms of the extinction of “freezing” responses which appeared to account for the inferior avoidance acquisition of the higher US group. Unlike other representatives of the order rodentia which have been subjected to shuttlebox avoidance training, the chinchilla displays a performance which is at least comparable to the optimum performance of the rat.

Effects of Pretraining with Fear and Escape Conditioning on Shuttlebox Avoidance Acquisition by Goldfish

1972 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 919-924 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert L. Gallon
Keyword(s):  
Fear Conditioning ◽  
Process Theory ◽  
Avoidance Acquisition ◽  
Escape Conditioning ◽  
Shuttlebox Avoidance ◽  
Present Procedure

Goldfish received 20 trials of fear conditioning with or without an escape contingency, escape conditioning, shock alone, or adaptation prior to shuttlebox avoidance acquisition. Fear conditioning facilitated acquisition as predicted by two-process theory. The result is interpreted to show that fear conditioning establishes the CS as motivational and that the present procedure enhances the effect of an aversive CS. Neither shock alone nor escape conditioning significantly affected acquisition.

Pavlovian Trace Conditioning and Inhibition of Fear in Shuttlebox-Avoidance Behavior

1982 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 267-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Zielinski ◽  
M. M. Cotton
Keyword(s):  
Avoidance Training ◽  
Trace Conditioning ◽  
Shock Group ◽  
Pavlovian Fear Conditioning ◽  
Conditioning Group ◽  
Shuttlebox Avoidance ◽  
Relaxation Theory ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Three groups of rats ( n = 12) were given unsignalled avoidance training in a shuttlebox. Two groups were given three days of Pavlovian fear conditioning. Group 1 was trained with a tone (CS1) and a tone-light compound (CS2) followed immediately by shock. Group 2 was trained with CS1 followed immediately by shock and CS2 followed 5 sec. later by shock. Group 3 received only unsignalled avoidance sessions. When CS1 and CS2 were superimposed upon unsignalled avoidance both CSs accelerated avoidance responding for Group 1, CS1 accelerated responding and CS2 depressed responding for Group 2, and neither CS significantly altered the rate of responding for Group 3. Results can be interpreted in part in terms of Denny's (1971) relaxation theory.

Observational Learning of a Discriminative Shuttlebox Avoidance by Rats

1979 ◽  
Vol 44 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1151-1154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ezio Sanavio ◽  
Ugo Savardi
Keyword(s):  
Avoidance Response ◽  
Observational Learning ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Avoidance Training ◽  
Shuttlebox Avoidance ◽  
Model Group ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Naive Model

The study of observational learning of discriminative avoidance response in shuttlebox has methodological advantages over the usual appetitive responses. Three groups of 10 Wistar rats each received avoidance training after observation of a trained model, after observation of a naive model, after adaptation to procedure and no model. The first group performed better than the naive-model group both for frequency and latency of responses. The hypothesis that this learning occurs through observation of the model's behavior explains these results. However, observing the behavior to be learned does not facilitate acquisition of the avoidance response compared with rats learning after adaptation and no model.

Interference Effects in Acquisition of Avoidance Behaviors by Rats

1983 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 799-806
Author(s):  
M. M. Cotton
Keyword(s):  
Avoidance Training ◽  
Lever Press ◽  
Interference Effects ◽  
Shuttlebox Avoidance ◽  
Marked Contrast ◽  
Avoidance Behaviors ◽  
Response Systems ◽  
Skinner Box

Four groups of rats were given avoidance training either in a Skinner box with a light CS (Groups 1 and 2) or in a shuttlebox with a tone or a light CS (Groups 3 and 4). This was followed by avoidance training in either a shuttlebox with a tone or a light CS (Groups 1 and 2, respectively) or a Skinner box with a light CS (Groups 3 and 4). Shuttlebox-avoidance training with either a visual or an auditory CS interfered with subsequent lever-press avoidance with a visual CS. Lever-press avoidance with a visual CS interfered with shuttlebox avoidance with an auditory CS but had little effect on subsequent shuttlebox avoidance with a visual CS. These results are in marked contrast with those of Ayres, Benedict, Glackenmeyer, and Mathews (1974) who found interference effects across response systems only in unsignalled situations.

scholarly journals Discriminative compartimental CSs in shuttlebox avoidance acquisition

1968 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 341-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. E. Freedman ◽  
B. Steven Callahan
Keyword(s):  
Avoidance Acquisition ◽  
Shuttlebox Avoidance

Effects of Shock Intensity on Shuttlebox Avoidance Conditioning in Goldfish

1972 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 855-858 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Gallon
Keyword(s):  
Shock Intensity ◽  
Avoidance Conditioning ◽  
Avoidance Acquisition ◽  
Shuttlebox Avoidance ◽  
Response Decrement ◽  
Physical Limit

40 goldfish were subjected to shuttlebox avoidance acquisition at 4 shock intensity levels from 3 V to 9 V. The results showed an inverted U-shaped curve, similar to that found in dogs, with an optimum at 7 V. The curve for intertrial responding was similar to the acquisition function. Conditioning at 10 V was unsuccessful, so that 9 V may approach the physical limit to which the fish can withstand shock. The response decrement at 9 V may be due to the debilitating effects of shock.

Avoidance Learning in the Lizard Dipsosaurus Dorsalis

1974 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann M. Richardson ◽  
Sinai M. Julian
Keyword(s):  
Substrate Temperature ◽  
Avoidance Learning ◽  
Avoidance Training ◽  
High Substrate Temperature ◽  
Avoidance Acquisition ◽  
Marked Contrast ◽  
Escape Route ◽  
Shuttle Box ◽  
Dipsosaurus Dorsalis ◽  
Inter Trial Interval

5 desert iguanas ( Dipsosaurus dorsalis) were given avoidance training on a modified Mowrer-Miller one-way shuttle-box using shock as US and a compound light and buzzer CS. All lizards reached avoidance criterion with a mean of 140 trials. Several procedural factors may account for these results which are in marked contrast to previous reports of failure of lizards in avoidance acquisition. A longer CS-US and inter-trial interval was used in conjunction with high substrate temperature between trials and a more natural pseudo-tunnel one-way escape route.

Continuity of Shock and Level of Aversiveness in Shuttlebox-Avoidance Behavior

1982 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 695-702
Author(s):  
M. M. Cotton
Keyword(s):  
Avoidance Behavior ◽  
Avoidance Training ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Shuttlebox Avoidance ◽  
Discontinuous Shock ◽  
Continuous Shock

4 groups of 16 rats each were given standard shuttlebox-avoidance training. 2 groups were trained with a continuous shock which, depending on the scrambling arrangement, could be characterized as relatively more or less aversive, respectively. 2 groups were trained with a discontinuous shock which, depending on duration and frequency, could be characterized as relatively more or less aversive. Superior performance was obtained with the less aversive discontinuous shock compared with a more aversive discontinuous shock, and a continuous aversive shock led to better performance than a continuous less aversive shock. The results partially support Dieter's (1976) continuity of shock explanation.

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