A Study of Planning and Mathematics Instruction for Students with Learning Disabilities

1995 ◽  
Vol 76 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1343-1354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack A. Naglieri ◽  
Suzanne H. Gottling
Keyword(s):  
Learning Disabilities ◽  
Cognitive Strategies ◽  
Assessment System ◽  
Students With Learning Disabilities ◽  
Mathematics Scores ◽  
Self Reflection ◽  
Mathematics Problems ◽  
Cognitive Education ◽  
And Mathematics ◽  
Mathematical Computation

The purpose of this study was to extend research in training the use of cognitive strategies or planning to mathematical computation for 4 students with specific learning disabilities. A cognitive education method utilized in previous research was duplicated. It was expected that students would find the instruction differentially effective based upon their initial scores on a measure of planning. Using the Planning, Attention, Simultaneous, Successive model as a base, a cognitive instruction which facilitated planning was provided to two students with low scores on planning, obtained using an experimental version of the Das-Naglieri Cognitive Assessment System, and two students with average planning scores. All students completed three sessions of baseline and seven sessions of cognitive instruction in addition and multiplication. During the cognitive instruction phase, 5-min. sessions of self-reflection and verbalization of strategies about the mathematics problems were conducted after each initial 10-min. session of mathematics. Scores on addition problems showed that all students improved. On multiplication, however, 2 students with low planning scores improved considerably but not 2 with higher planning scores. Implications are provided.

Implementation Fidelity and the Design of a Fractions Intervention

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 217-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindy Crawford ◽  
Barbara Freeman ◽  
Jacqueline Huscroft-D’Angelo ◽  
Sarah Quebec Fuentes ◽  
Kristina N. Higgins
Keyword(s):  
Learning Disabilities ◽  
Conceptual Understanding ◽  
Student Outcomes ◽  
Implementation Fidelity ◽  
Learning Opportunities ◽  
Students With Learning Disabilities ◽  
Mathematics Intervention ◽  
Tier Ii ◽  
Higher Order Learning ◽  
And Mathematics

Interventions are implemented with greater fidelity when their core intent is made explicit. The core intent of this intervention was to increase access to higher order learning opportunities for students with learning disabilities or difficulties in mathematics through use of research and practice from the fields of special education and mathematics education. Four steps undertaken in the development of a Tier II fraction-based mathematics intervention designed to improve the conceptual understanding of students with learning disabilities or difficulties are described in this article: (a) articulation of a logic model, (b) delineation of intervention components, (c) analysis of reliability data related to implementation fidelity, and (d) pilot testing to measure implementation fidelity and student outcomes. Results of the pilot study demonstrated no significant effect for the component of technology; however, significant pre–post differences were found in the performance of all groups on their conceptual understanding of fractions as numbers.

Current Knowledge and Future Directions: Proportional Reasoning Interventions for Students with Learning Disabilities and Mathematics Difficulties

2020 ◽  
pp. 073194872093285
Author(s):  
Gena Nelson ◽  
Jessica H. Hunt ◽  
Kristi Martin ◽  
Blain Patterson ◽  
Andy Khounmeuang
Keyword(s):  
Learning Disabilities ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Proportional Reasoning ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Students With Learning Disabilities ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Mathematics Difficulties ◽  
Students With Ld ◽  
And Mathematics

The purpose of this systematic review was to examine the effectiveness of proportional reasoning interventions for students with learning disabilities (LD) or mathematics difficulty (MD). We evaluated fifth to ninth grade interventions on proportional reasoning content, instructional features, and disability and difficulty identification. The nine studies met inclusion criteria yielded intervention effects ranging from g = −0.10 to 1.87 and from Tau- U = 0.88 to 1.00. Two of the nine studies were deemed high quality and very few studies included participants with LD. Although most studies identified the concepts addressed in the interventions, authors rarely provided in-depth descriptions of how the concept was taught. The results suggest that proportional reasoning interventions for students with LD and MD is under investigated. We posit that intervention research in proportional reasoning can and should be expanded upon and offer suggestions in terms of how researchers can continue to develop the knowledge base.

The Effects of Computer-Based Attribution Retraining on the Attributions, Persistence, and Mathematics Computation of Students with Learning Disabilities

1992 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 327-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia M. Okolo
Keyword(s):  
Learning Disabilities ◽  
Urban Schools ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Students With Learning Disabilities ◽  
Attribution Retraining ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
And Mathematics ◽  
Attributional Patterns ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of the present study was to examine the impact of attribution retraining, embedded within a mathematics computer-assisted instructional (CAI) program, on students' attributions, persistence, and mathematics computation. Twenty-nine school-identified students with learning disabilities from five urban schools participated in the study. The sample's mean age was 13.3 years. After blocking on initial attributional patterns, students were randomly assigned to a mathematics CAI program that provided either attribution retraining or neutral feedback. Students used their assigned program for eight 30-minute sessions. Results did not support the contention that attribution retraining would have a significant impact on students' attributions. However, students who participated in the attribution retraining condition completed significantly more levels of the program than their counterparts who received neutral feedback. Attribution retraining students also obtained significantly higher scores on a test of problems practiced during the CAI program. These results suggest that attribution retraining may be a desirable addition to the type of feedback typically provided by CAI programs. However, they also highlight the need for further research that examines the conditions under which specific attributions are most advantageous.

Mathematical Interventions for Secondary Students With Learning Disabilities and Mathematics Difficulties: A Meta-Analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asha K. Jitendra ◽  
Amy E. Lein ◽  
Soo-hyun Im ◽  
Ahmed A. Alghamdi ◽  
Scott B. Hefte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Learning Disabilities ◽  
Secondary Students ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Students With Learning Disabilities ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Mathematics Difficulties ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
And Mathematics

This meta-analysis is the first to provide a quantitative synthesis of empirical evaluations of mathematical intervention programs implemented in secondary schools for students with learning disabilities and mathematics difficulties. Included studies used a treatment-control group design. A total of 19 experimental and quasi-experimental studies containing 20 independent samples met study inclusion criteria. Results of a random effects model analysis indicated that mathematical interventions influence mathematics outcomes ( g = 0.37, 95% confidence interval [0.18, 0.56]) for students with learning disabilities and mathematics difficulties. In addition, instructional time moderated the relation between mathematics interventions and student learning. Limitations of the study, future directions for research, and implications for practice are discussed.

Effective Strategies for Improving Reading Comprehension

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meenakshi Gajria ◽  
Athena Lentini McAlenney
Keyword(s):  
Learning Disabilities ◽  
Reading Comprehension ◽  
Cognitive Strategies ◽  
Main Idea ◽  
Cognitive Strategy ◽  
Text Structure ◽  
Expository Texts ◽  
Students With Learning Disabilities ◽  
Narrative Texts ◽  
Sequence Of Events

Reading comprehension, or the ability to extract information accurately from reading narrative or content area textbooks, is critical for school success. Many students identified with learning disabilities struggle with comprehending or acquiring knowledge from text despite adequate word-recognition skills. These students experience greater difficulty as they move from elementary to middle school where the focus shifts from “learning to read” to “reading to learn.” Although the group of students with learning disabilities vary with respect to their challenges in reading, some general characteristics of this group include problems identifying central ideas of a text, including its relationship to supporting ideas, differentiating between important and unimportant details, asking questions, drawing inferences, creating a summary, and recalling textual ideas. Typically, these students are passive readers that do not spontaneously employ task appropriate cognitive strategies nor monitor their ongoing understanding of the text, resulting in limited understanding of both narrative and expository texts. An evidence-based approach to comprehension instruction is centered on teaching students the cognitive strategies used by proficient readers. Within the framework of reading comprehension, the goal of cognitive strategies is to teach students to actively engage with the text, to make connections with it and their prior knowledge, so that learning becomes more purposeful, deliberate, and self-regulated. Texts differ in the level of challenge that they present to students. Narrative texts are generally simpler to read as these are based on a temporal sequence of events and have a predictable story structure. In contrast, expository texts, such as social studies and science, can be particularly demanding as there are multiple and complex text structures based on the relationship of ideas about a particular concept or topic. Using principles of explicit instruction, all learners, including students with learning disabilities and English language learners, can be taught cognitive strategies that have been proven effective for increasing reading comprehension. Early research focused on the instruction in a single cognitive strategy to promote reading comprehension such as identifying story grammar elements and story mapping for narrative texts and identifying the main idea, summarizing, and text structure for expository texts. Later researchers embedded a metacognitive component, such as self-monitoring with a specific cognitive strategy, and also developed multicomponent reading packages, such as reciprocal teaching, that integrated the use of several cognitive strategies. Instruction in cognitive and metacognitive strategies is a promising approach for students with learning disabilities to support their independent use of reading comprehension strategies and for promoting academic achievement across content areas and grade levels.

scholarly journals Does Applied STEM Course Taking Link to STEM Outcomes for High School Students With Learning Disabilities?

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 250-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Gottfried ◽  
Cameron Sublett
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Learning Disabilities ◽  
High School Students ◽  
General Population ◽  
Learning Needs ◽  
Students With Learning Disabilities ◽  
School Students ◽  
Diverse Learning ◽  
Math And Science ◽  
And Mathematics

Over the most recent two decades, federal policy has urged high schools to embed applied science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) courses into the curriculum to reinforce concepts learned in traditional math and science classes as well as to motivate students’ interests and long-term pursuits in STEM areas. While prior research has examined whether these courses link to STEM persistence for the general student population, no work has examined the role of these courses for students with learning disabilities (LDs). This is a critical lapse, as these courses have been supported as being one path by which STEM material can become more accessible for students with diverse learning needs. Hence, this descriptive study examines the landscape of applied STEM course taking for students with LDs. The findings suggest students with LDs are less likely to take applied STEM courses in high school compared to the general population. Additionally, while the general population does benefit from taking these courses, there is a unique association between applied STEM course taking and advanced math and science course taking or math achievement for students with LDs. Hence, there is no evidence that applied STEM course taking is related to any closure of the STEM achievement gap for students with LDs.

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