SEX DIFFERENCES IN CEREBRAL TISSUE VOLUME AND COGNITIVE PERFORMANCE DURING ADOLESCENCE

2002 ◽  
Vol 91 (7) ◽  
pp. 743 ◽  
Author(s):  
DEBORAH A. YURGELUN-TODD
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Cerebral Tissue ◽  
Tissue Volume

Sex Differences in Cerebral Tissue Volume and Cognitive Performance during Adolescence

2002 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
pp. 743-757 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah A. Yurgelun-Todd ◽  
William D. S. Killgore ◽  
Ashley D. Young
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Developmental Trajectory ◽  
Cerebral Tissue ◽  
Verbal Abilities ◽  
Tissue Volume ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
Speed Of Information Processing

Adolescent development is associated with progressive increases in the ratio of cerebral white-to-gray matter volume, but it is unclear how these changes relate to cognitive development and whether they are associated with sex-specific variability in cerebral maturation. We examined sex differences in the relation between cerebral tissue volume and cognitive performance in 30 healthy adolescents (ages 13 to 17 years) using morphometric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In the 10 boys, greater white matter volume during adolescence was positively correlated with faster speed of information processing and better verbal abilities, while cerebrospinal fluid volume was negatively correlated with verbal abilities. No significant relations between cerebral tissue volume and cognitive abilities were found for the sample of 20 girls, raising the possibility of a different developmental trajectory for females that was not sampled in the age range of this study. Findings suggest sex-specific developmental differences in the relations between cerebral structure and function.

scholarly journals Sex differences in cognitive performance and alcohol consumption in High Alcohol-Drinking (HAD-1) rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 381 ◽  
pp. 112456
Author(s):  
N. Mittal ◽  
S.M. Fleming ◽  
A. Martinez ◽  
N. Thakore ◽  
R.L. Bell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Alcohol Drinking ◽  
High Alcohol

Sex differences in neocortical structure and cognitive performance: A surface-based morphometry study

NeuroImage ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 104 ◽  
pp. 355-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Escorial ◽  
Francisco J. Román ◽  
Kenia Martínez ◽  
Miguel Burgaleta ◽  
Sherif Karama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Surface Based Morphometry

scholarly journals Testing the greater male variability phenomenon: male mountain chickadees exhibit larger variation in reversal learning performance compared with females

2020 ◽  
Vol 287 (1931) ◽  
pp. 20200895
Author(s):  
Carrie L. Branch ◽  
Benjamin R. Sonnenberg ◽  
Angela M. Pitera ◽  
Lauren M. Benedict ◽  
Dovid Y. Kozlovsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Spatial Task ◽  
Learning Performance ◽  
Spatial Learning And Memory ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Food Caching ◽  
Range Of Variation

The greater male variability phenomenon predicts that males exhibit larger ranges of variation in cognitive performance compared with females; however, support for this pattern has come exclusively from studies of humans and lacks mechanistic explanation. Furthermore, the vast majority of the literature assessing sex differences in cognition is based on studies of humans and a few other mammals. In order to elucidate the underpinnings of cognitive variation and the potential for fitness consequences, we must investigate sex differences in cognition in non-mammalian systems as well. Here, we assess the performance of male and female food-caching birds on a spatial learning and memory task and a reversal spatial task to address whether there are sex differences in mean cognitive performance or in the range of variation in performance. For both tasks, male and female mean performance was similar across four years of testing; however, males did exhibit a wider range of variation in performance on the reversal spatial task compared with females. The implications for mate choice and sexual selection of cognitive abilities are discussed and future directions are suggested to aid in the understanding of sex-related cognitive variation.

scholarly journals Sex differences in offspring neurodevelopment, cognitive performance and microglia morphology associated with maternal diabetes: Putative targets for insulin therapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 100075
Author(s):  
Fábio J. Sousa ◽  
Raquel G. Correia ◽  
Alexandra F. Cruz ◽  
Joana M. Martins ◽  
Matilde S. Rodrigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Insulin Therapy ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Maternal Diabetes ◽  
Microglia Morphology

scholarly journals Sex Differences in the Association between Alcohol Consumption and Cognitive Performance

1997 ◽  
Vol 146 (5) ◽  
pp. 405-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Dufouil ◽  
P. Ducimeti re ◽  
P. Ducimeti re ◽  
A. Alp rovitch ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Cognitive Performance

scholarly journals Role of sex in the association between childhood socioeconomic position and cognitive ageing in later life

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katrin Wolfova ◽  
Zsofia Csajbok ◽  
Anna Kagstrom ◽  
Ingemar Kåreholt ◽  
Pavla Cermakova
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Socioeconomic Position ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Delayed Recall ◽  
Immediate Recall ◽  
Rate Of Decline ◽  
Multilevel Linear Regression

AbstractWe aimed to explore sex differences in the association of childhood socioeconomic position (SEP) with the level of cognitive performance and the rate of cognitive decline. We studied 84,059 individuals (55% women; mean age 64 years) from the Survey on Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe. Sex differences in the association of childhood SEP (household characteristics at age 10) with the level of cognitive performance (verbal fluency, immediate recall, delayed recall) were analysed using multilevel linear regression. Structural equation modelling tested education, depressive symptoms and physical state as mediators. The relationship between childhood socioeconomic advantage and disadvantage and the rate of cognitive decline was assessed using linear mixed-effects models. Higher childhood SEP was associated with a higher level of cognitive performance to a greater extent in women (B = 0.122; 95% CI 0.092–0.151) than in men (B = 0.109; 95% CI 0.084–0.135). The strongest mediator was education. Childhood socioeconomic disadvantage was related to a higher rate of decline in delayed recall in both sexes, with a greater association in women. Strategies to prevent impaired late-life cognitive functioning, such as reducing childhood socioeconomic disadvantages and improving education, might have a greater benefit for women.

scholarly journals Sex differences in the relationship between dietary pattern adherence and cognitive function among older adults: Findings from the NuAge study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle D’Amico ◽  
Matthew D. Parrott ◽  
Carol E. Greenwood ◽  
Guylaine Ferland ◽  
Pierrette Gaudreau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Western Dietary Pattern ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background: Consumption of a prudent dietary pattern rich in healthy nutrients is associated with enhanced cognitive performance in older adulthood, while a Western dietary pattern low in healthy nutrients is associated with poor age-related cognitive function. Sex differences exist in dietary intake among older adults; however, there is a paucity of research examining the relationship between sex-specific dietary patterns and cognitive function in later life. Methods: The current study aimed to investigate sex differences in the relationship between sex-specific dietary pattern adherence and global cognitive function at baseline and over a 3-year follow-up in 1268 community-dwelling older adults (Mage=74 years, n = 664 women, n = 612 men) from the Quebec Longitudinal Study on Nutrition and Successful Aging (NuAge). A 78-item Food Frequency Questionnaire was used to estimate dietary intake over the previous year. Sex-specific dietary pattern scores were derived using principal component analysis. Global cognition was assessed using the Modified Mini-Mental State Examination (3MS). Results: Adjusted linear mixed effects models indicated that a healthy, prudent dietary pattern was not associated with baseline cognitive performance in men or women. No relationship was found between Western dietary pattern adherence and baseline cognitive function in women. Among men, adherence to an unhealthy, Western dietary pattern was associated with poorer baseline cognitive function (b = -0.652, p = 0.02, 95% CI [-1.22, -0.65]). No association was found between prudent or Western dietary patterns and cognitive change over time in men or women. Conclusions: These findings highlight the importance of conducting sex-based analyses in aging research and suggest that the relationship between dietary pattern adherence and cognitive function in late life may be sex-dependent.

Gender and Task in the Determination of Spatial Cognitive Performance

1993 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew J. Sharps ◽  
Angela L. Welton ◽  
Jana L. Price
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Spatial Memory ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Mental Image ◽  
Image Rotation ◽  
Spatial Tasks ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Format Effects ◽  
And Task

A variety of sex differences in spatial cognitive performance have been documented. However, factors other than those specifically related to gender and cognition per se, such as the perceived spatial character of given tasks, may contribute to such differences. In the present experiments, spatial memory and mental image rotation tasks were presented to female and male adults. The task formats or instructions were varied to emphasize or deemphasize the spatial character of the tasks. Highly “spatial” instructions or format significantly depressed performance on spatial tasks for women but not for men. “Nonspatial” instructions or format, within which the spatial character of the task was not explicit, resulted in no significant differences between the performances of women and men on either type of task. These findings indicate that instructional or format effects relating to the purported “spatial” character of a given task may significantly influence the relative performance of women and men.

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