scholarly journals Reproductive performance of dairy cows fed a diet supplemented with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids – a review

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kacper Libera ◽  
Jan Włodarek ◽  
Ewelina Warzych ◽  
Adam Cieślak ◽  
Małgorzata Szumacher-Strabel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Biological Properties

AbstractThe aim of this review is to summarize the current state of knowledge of reproductive performance of high-yielding dairy cows fed a diet supplemented with n-3 fatty acids (FAs), and to recommend a feeding schedule that can increase the success rate in reproduction. Dietary supplementation with fat, especially FA, has become an accepted strategy for supporting the fertility of high-yielding dairy cows. The two main categories of FAs, unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) and saturated fatty acids (SFAs), exert distinct effects on reproductive functions, with UFA having a conclusively beneficial impact. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are of particular importance on account of their biological properties. Standard feedstuffs (such as soybean) are rich in n-6 FAs, whereas few feedstuffs contain n-3 FAs. Neither the n-3 nor n-6 PUFAs are synthetized by the animal. Several field experiments have indicated that the recommended schedule of n-3 supplementation should last 160–170 days, from the eighth week before calving to 100 or 120 day postpartum. Supplementation of the diet thus covers the period from the late preantral stage of the follicle, the entire development of the antrum, oocyte ovulation, and fertilization, as well as the development of the preattachment embryo and its implantation. The following effects are among the important beneficial results of supplementation with n-3 FAs: a higher number of antral follicles suitable for ovum pick-up (OPU), larger dominant follicles and corresponding CL, better quality oocytes and embryos, and higher implantation rates resulting from improved uterine environment (e.g., reduced synthesis of luteolytic PGF2α). We conclude that dietary supplementation for high-yielding dairy cows with n-3 FAs supports ovarian functions and helps the embryo to survive in the adverse environment of the reproductive tract of the postpartum cow.

scholarly journals Effects of Extruded Linseed and Soybean Dietary Supplementation on Lactation Performance, First-Service Conception Rate, and Mastitis Incidence in Holstein Dairy Cows

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 436
Author(s):  
Ahmed Dawod ◽  
Hamada Ahmed ◽  
Reham Abou-Elkhair ◽  
Hamed T. Elbaz ◽  
Ayman E. Taha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Conception Rate ◽  
Service Conception ◽  
Holstein Dairy Cows

This study quantifies the effects of extruded linseed and soybean (ELS) dietary supplementation on milk yield, composition, and fatty acid profiles, as well as first-service conception rate in Holstein dairy cows. Seventy-eight open Holstein dairy cows were divided into two groups: (1) a control, which received a basal diet; and (2) a test group, which received a basal diet supplemented with the ELS (650 g/kg of extruded linseed and 150 g/kg of extruded soybean) at a rate of 100 g/kg. In the ELS group, milk yield per day and solid not fat (SNF) yield increased by 3.26% and 0.88%, respectively, in relation to the control. Percentage milk fat decreased significantly by 1.4% in the ELS group when compared with the control. The ELS supplement resulted in a decrease in saturated fatty acids (SFAs) and an increase in monounsaturated (MUFAs) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in milk. In conclusion, the supplementation of dairy cow feed with 100 g/kg of ELS increases milk yield and milk unsaturated fatty acids (especially MUFAs and PUFAs). ELS supplementation also causes a decrease in percentage fat and SFA levels but does not affect the first-service conception rate or the incidence rate of mastitis.

scholarly journals CHEMICAL AND NUTRITIONAL CHARACTERIZATION OF PERILLA FRUTESCENS SEED OIL

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Asif ◽  
Guru Ram Das
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Perilla Frutescens ◽  
Plant Oils ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
And Control

Perilla frutescens seeds contain saturated fatty acids and unsaturated fatty acids which include the monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids. These seeds contain approximately 35-40% oil. The oil of Perilla frutescens contains ω-3 fatty acids (54-64%), ω-6 fatty acids (≈14%) and the ω-9 fatty acids (small amount). In comparing to other plant oils, Perilla oil contains one of the highest proportions of ω-3 fatty acids. These polyunsaturated fatty acids are the most beneficial to human health in prevention and control of various diseases like cardiovascular disorders, cancer, inflammation, rheumatoid arthritis etc. This review article describes briefly the benefits and the medicinal uses of Perilla frutescens seeds.

scholarly journals The Study of Variation in Fatty Acids Composition for Animal Fats

1970 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Flavia POP ◽  
Cornel LASLO
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Animal Fats ◽  
Poultry Fat

In this article the chemical composition of 2 types of animal fats (cow milk fat and poultry fat) following the variation of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids proportion during freezing storage was studied. Determination of chemical composition of animal fats is important in establishing organoleptic and physico-chemical parameters, the variation of them in time, nature and proportion of fatty acids conferring specific characteristics to them. For milk fat was determined the following chemical composition: saturated fatty acids 68.35%, monounsaturated fatty acids 29.25%, polyunsaturated fatty acids 2.4%. After 4 months of storage under freezing there was a change in fatty acids proportion, saturated fatty acid content increased to 70.41%, monounsaturated fatty acids content decreased to 28.23%, and polyunsaturated fatty acids content decreased to 1.35% due to oxidation process when decreased the degree of unsaturation due to unsaturated fatty acids oxidation. In the case of poultry fat there was also an increase of saturated fatty acids (30.71%) and a decrease for monounsaturated (43.47%) and polyunsaturated (24.81%) fatty acids content.

BLOOD FATTY ACID COMPOSITION IN COWS DEPENDING ON THE TYPE OF AUTONOMIC REGULATION IN SUMMER PERIOD

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
I. A. Hryshchuk ◽  
◽  
V. I. Karpovskyi ◽  
V. V. Danchuk ◽  
B. V. Gutyj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Physiological Activity ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Nervous Activity ◽  
Autonomic Regulation ◽  
In Blood Plasma

Coordination of physiological activity and intensity of metabolism in various organs and tissues of a productive animal, depending on environmental conditions and own needs, is provided by the regulatory activity of the corresponding nerve centers. However, the features of the autonomic regulation of the nervous system in this matter can have a significant impact not only on the physiological activity of animals but also on their productivity. Therefore, the question of studying the influence of autonomic regulation on the animal body in general and the interaction of the autonomic system and lipid metabolism is quite relevant. Groups of animals were formed by determining the state of the cardiovascular system according to Baevskyi. Blood plasma was used for the study, lipid extraction was performed by the Folch method. Fatty acid analysis was performed on a Trace GC Ultra gas chromatograph (USA) with a flame ionization detector. Studies have shown that the relative content of saturated fatty acids in blood of normotonics was the highest compared with other groups: sympathotonics – by 1.9%; vagotonics – 0.48%. Regarding the concentration of saturated fatty acids in sympathotonics, it should be noted that the content of stearic acid was the highest (18.07 ± 0.01; P < 0.001) and saturated fatty acids from C6 to C16 were characterized by the lowest values (P < 0.01–0.05) in comparison with other groups The total content of unsaturated fatty acids in blood plasma of sympathotonics and vagotonics was 1.19% and 0.49% higher, respectively, compared with normotonics. Quite interesting is the fact that sympathotonics were characterized by the highest content of polyunsaturated fatty acids, the content of which decreased in the range C18:2n6 > C20:4n6 > C18:3n3 > C22:6n3 > C22:5n3, a similar sequence we observed in other groups, although the relative concentration of acids could fluctuate. Normotonics were characterized by the highest levels of some polyunsaturated fatty acids (C18:3n3, C22:5n3, C22:6n3) (P < 0.05-0.01), while levels of some unsaturated fatty acids (C18: 1n9, C20: 3n6) were the lowest. Thus, the type of nervous activity has a significant effect on the ratio of fatty acids in blood plasma of cows and autonomous regulation affects the metabolic processes in the animal’s body.

Effect of Dietary Omega-3 Poli Unsaturated Fatty Acids During the Flushing Period on Reproductive Performance of Karayaka Ewes

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Kılıçalp ◽  
C Yücel
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Twin Birth

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of supplemented omega 3 poly unsaturated fatty acids on fertility of Karayaka sheep during the flushing period. This trial was arranged on 3-4 year old, average 55±0.5 kg live weight, 80 head Karayaka sheep were distributed completely Randomize into 4 groups. Oestrus synchronization was performed in the three groups of sheep except for control group. Experimental groups were pasture, pasture (oestrus synchronization), barley and Omega-3. Progeny yields were determined as 80 % in the control, 125 % in the pasture, 116 % in the barley and 135% in the omega-3 groups.The highest twin birth was observed in omega 3 group (44%), follwed by pasture group (33%) and barley group (24%). The results indicated that, addition of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids to supplemental feeds increased fertility of Karayaka sheep.

Effect of feeding system on unsaturated fatty acid level in milk of dairy cows

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 224-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Morales-Almaráz ◽  
B. de la Roza-Delgado ◽  
A. González ◽  
A. Soldado ◽  
M.L. Rodríguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Northern Spain ◽  
Milk Fatty Acids ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Nutritional Strategies

AbstractIn recent years, consumer attitudes toward fat of animal origin have changed owing to findings that some milk fatty acids (FAs) are positive for human health, especially conjugated linolenic acid and n-3 FAs. Accordingly, the manipulation of the fat content and FA composition of cows’ milk via nutritional strategies has been an important target for the dairy industry in many countries. Twenty commercial Holstein–Friesian dairy herds of Asturias (northern Spain) with 1106 dairy cows were examined in order to evaluate milk FA profiles under different management systems. These herds were divided into three groups according to management: (1) indoor herds: cows feeding indoors, (2) mixed herds: indoor management system but with at least 6 h of grazing outdoors and (3) outdoor herds: cows allowed 6–18 h of grazing per day. Milk from the indoor herds exhibited the highest concentration of fat (3.57%; P⩽0.01), protein (3.14%; P⩽0.001), lactose (4.76%; P⩽0.01) and urea (29.4 mg dl−1; P⩽0.01). The milk of outdoor herds had a lower (P⩽0.05) content of short-chain FAs than that of the indoor and mixed herds (10.89 versus 11.52 and 11.35 g 100 g−1 FA). The milk of the indoor herds had higher concentrations of saturated fatty acids (SFA) (67.56 g 100 g−1 FA; P⩽0.001) and palmitic and palmitoleic acids (30.16 and 1.82 g 100 g−1 FA, respectively), while that of the mixed and outdoors herds had higher concentrations of unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) (34.58 g 100 g−1 FA; P⩽0.001) and long-chain FAs, especially stearic (13.89 g 100 g−1 FA; P⩽0.01), vaccenic (2.77 g 100 g−1 FA; P⩽0.001), conjugated linoleic (0.92 g 100 g−1 FA; P⩽0.001) and linolenic (0.42 g 100 g−1 FA; P⩽0.001) acids. Results from this study suggest that the incorporation of forage and pasture in the diet of dairy cows can improve the FA profile of milk.

Fatty Acid Composition of Turkey Meat Sucuk (Soudjuck), Salami, and Sausages

2008 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Semih Otles ◽  
Ozlem Cagindi
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Turkey Meat ◽  
Oleic And Linoleic Acids

In this paper, the fatty acid composition of turkey meat sucuk (soudjuck), salami, and sausages were determined and compared with each other. The fatty acids methyl esters of each product were identified by capillary gas chromatography. Most of the fatty acids in sucuk (soudjuck) samples were monosaturated; however in salami and sausages samples most of were mono and di-unsaturated. Saturated fatty acids in sucuk (soudjuck) samples followed, having the palmitic and stearic acids as their major components and had a range of 229.7-385.2 g kg-1 and 87.6-215.9 g kg-1. In salami and sausages samples, unsaturated fatty acids, the oleic and linoleic acids were the major components and had a range of 170.0-542.0 g kg-1 and 151.5-353.0 g kg-1. PUFA (polyunsaturated fatty acids) were found for sausages in the highest amount with linoleic acids concentration. Turkey meat salami and sausages presented a higher content of unsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids than turkey meat sucuk (soudjuck).

scholarly journals Forage breeding and management to increase the beneficial fatty acid content of ruminant products

2003 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 329-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Dewhurst ◽  
N. D. Scollan ◽  
M. R. F. Lee ◽  
H. J. Ougham ◽  
M. O. Humphreys
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Conjugated Linoleic Acids ◽  
Plant Lipids

The declining consumption of ruminant products has been partly associated with their high proportion (but not necessarily content) of saturated fatty acids. Recent studies have focused on the less prominent fact that they are also important sources of beneficial fatty acids, includingn-3 fatty acids and conjugated linoleic acids. α-Linolenic acid (18: 3n-3) is of particular interest because it also contributes to improved flavour of beef and lamb. Many recent studies showed large effects of special concentrates on levels of fatty acids in milk and meat. However, the ‘rumen protection’ treatments, needed to ensure a worthwhile level of fatty acid in products, are expensive. Herbage lipids are the cheapest and safest source of these fatty acids and so breeding to increase delivery of fatty acids from plants into ruminant products is an important long-term strategy. Plant lipids usually contain high levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids, particularly 18: 2n-6 and 18:3n-3 which are the precursors of beneficial fatty acids. Whilst some plants are particularly rich in individual fatty acids (e.g. 18:3n-3 in linseed), there are also useful levels in grass and clover (TrifoliumSpp.). Levels of fatty acids in forages in relation to species and varieties are considered, as well as management and conservation methods. Relationships between levels of fatty acids and existing traits and genetic markers are identified. The effects of forage treatments on the fatty acid content of ruminant products are reviewed. The higher levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids in milk from cows fed clover silages show that the level of fatty acids in herbage is not the only factor affecting levels of fatty acids in ruminant products. Further effort is needed to characterise susceptibility of unsaturated fatty acids to oxidative loss during field wilting and biohydrogenation losses in the rumen, and the relative importance of plant and microbial processes in these losses. The pathways of lipolysis and lipid oxidation are reviewed and other plant factors which offer potential to breed for reduced losses are considered.

scholarly journals Age castration of Nellore males on the profile of fatty acids of meat

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 3739
Author(s):  
Regis Luis Missio ◽  
João Restle ◽  
Aline Kelherman de Freitas ◽  
Moacir Evandro Lage ◽  
Paulo Santana Pacheco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Cholesterol Content ◽  
Lower Content ◽  
Different Ages

This study aimed to evaluate the cholesterol content, ?-tocopherol and fatty acids in the meat of Nellore young bulls or steers castrated at different ages, 13 or 18 months. The animals were confined for 100 days and slaughtered at 22 months of age. The experimental design was completely randomized with three treatments, using 12 repetitions. The levels of palmitic acid (26.39%), stearic (24.39%), myristic (3.01%) and total saturated fatty acids were not altered by sexual condition or castration age. Oleic was the fatty acid with the highest average participation in the meat (34.54%), and lower content in the meat of young bulls in relation to the castrated. The content of total unsaturated fatty acids was lower in the young bulls in relation to castrated at 18 months, which did not differ from castrated at 12 months. The content of total polyunsaturated fatty acids was increased by elevation of the castration age, being similar between young bulls and castrated at 18 months. The ratio ?6/?3 was not altered by sexual condition or castration age. Castration at the beginning of the finishing period increases the content of beneficial fatty acids to health in relation to castrated in the first third of backgrounding.

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