scholarly journals Technological qualities of common winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grown in conditions of unconventional agriculture

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-87
Author(s):  
Veselin Dochev
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Solution Preparation ◽  
Biodynamic Preparations ◽  
Formation Phase ◽  
Made In

Abstract During the period 2019 - 2020, a study was conducted on soil type calcic chernozem with Venka 1 common winter wheat variety. The experiment is based on the block method, in four replications with a size of the experimental plot of 10 m2. Sowing was carried out in October with a sowing rate of 500 sprouts/m2 after the predecessor sugar beet. In the appropriate periods, treatments were made in 4 variants: 1) Control - untreated variant, 2) Treatment with biodynamic preparations: 500 + Fladen preparation + preparation 501, 3) Treatment with biological preparations: Heliosulfur + Free N. 4) Combined treatment with the same biodynamic and biological preparations. Preparation 500 was applied in the phase of autumn and spring wheat tillering - 5% solution. Preparation 501 was applied in the phase ear formation - 1.5 g for 30 l of water/da. Fladen preparation is applied in the phase of autumn and spring tillering - 1.5% solution. Heliosulfur was applied in the ear formation phase - flowering at a dose of 50 ml/da, at an appropriate date on the biodynamic calendar. Free N was applied to the soil in the phase of autumn and spring tillering at a dose of 50 ml/da, at an appropriate date on the biodynamic calendar. The analysis of the technological qualities is made according to the respective ISO methodology. The statistical data processing was performed with the STATGRAPH program. The application of biodynamic and biological preparations and their joint use leads to an increase in the yield of wet gluten, as well as an increase in the content of N, P, K and protein in wheat grain. It has been proven that the combined use of biodynamic and biological preparations increases the content of dry matter, organic matter and the content of nitrogen-free extracts in wheat grain. The content of crude proteins has been shown to increase only in the varieties treated with biodynamic and biological preparations.

scholarly journals Technological properties of triticale (Secale cereale L.) grown under unconventional agriculture

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-99
Author(s):  
Veselin Dochev
Keyword(s):  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Spring Triticale ◽  
Secale Cereale L ◽  
Solution Preparation ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Biodynamic Preparations ◽  
Formation Phase ◽  
Made In

Abstract During the period 2019 - 2020, a study was conducted on soil type calcic chernozem with Kolorit triticale variety. The experiment is based on the block method, in four replications with a size of the experimental plot of 10 m2. Sowing was carried out in October with a sowing rate of 500 sprouts/m2 after the predecessor sugar beet. In the appropriate periods, treatments were made in 4 variants: 1) Control - untreated variant, 2) Treatment with biodynamic preparations: 500 + Fladen preparation + preparation 501, 3) Treatment with biological preparations: Heliosulfur + Free N, 4) Combined treatment with the same biodynamic and biological preparations. Preparation 500 was applied in the phase of autumn and spring triticale tillering - 5% solution. Preparation 501 was applied in the phase of ear formation - 1.5 g for 30 l of water/da. Fladen preparation was applied in the phase of autumn and spring tillering - 1.5% solution. Heliosulfur was applied in the ear formation phase - flowering at a dose of 50 ml/da, on an appropriate date on the biodynamic calendar. Free N was applied to the soil in the phase of autumn and spring tillering at a dose of 50 ml/da, on an appropriate date on the biodynamic calendar. The analysis of the technological qualities is made according to the respective ISO methodology. The statistical data processing was performed with the STATGRAPH program. The application of biodynamic and biological preparations and their joint use leads to an increase in the content of Nitrogen-free Extracts, an increase in the content of Minerals and Ca in the variant treated with a combination of biodynamic and biological preparations. Treatment with biodynamic preparations has been shown to increase the dry matter and organic matter content of the grain, while when compared to the control one, a difference in the same indicators has been observed only in the second year of the experiment with biological preparations. Treatment with biodynamic and biological preparations and their joint use did not affect the content of N, P and K.

scholarly journals Productivity of wheat grown in conditions of unconventional agriculture

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (29) ◽  
pp. 39-45
Author(s):  
Vesselin Dochev ◽  
◽  
Atanas Atanassov ◽  
Krasimira Uzunova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Combined Treatment ◽  
First Year ◽  
Positive Difference ◽  
Spike Number ◽  
Common Variety ◽  
Modern Wheat ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Biodynamic Preparations ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Made In

The production of clean, healthy and high quality agricultural products is becoming increasingly important. In modern wheat agriculture, research with biological and biodynamic preparations is increasingly presented. With the common variety of winter wheat Venka 1, a study was conducted in the period 2019 - 2020 on carbonate, chernozem soil type, in the experimental field of Agricultural Institute Shumen. The experiment is based on the block method, in four replications with the size of the experimental plot 10 m2. Sowing was carried out in October with a sowing rate of 500 sprouts / m2 after the predecessor sugar flower. In the appropriate periods, treatments were made in 4 variants: 1) Control – untreated variant; 2) Treatment with biodynamic preparations: Preparation 500 + Fladen preparation + preparation 501; 3) Treatment with biological preparations: Heliosulfur + Free N; 4) Combined treatment with the same biodynamic and biological preparations. After the readings of the biometric indicators and the statistical analysis for the first year of the study, a proven positive difference was found in the variant treated with biological preparations on the length of the spike, number and weight of grains per spike. In the second year, a proven positive difference was obtained in the variants treated with biological and biodynamic preparations and in their combination on the length of the spike, number and weight of grains per spike. A difference in the number of spikelets per spike was substantially demonstrated only in the variant treated with biological preparations in the second year of the study. For a proven positive effect in the variant treated with biodynamic preparations, technological time is needed in order to show the real effect of their action on the yield in wheat.

scholarly journals Correlations between grain yield and related traits in winter wheat under multi-environmental traits

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 295-300
Author(s):  
N. Tsenov ◽  
T. Gubatov ◽  
I. Yanchev
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Multiple Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Genotype By Environment Interaction ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Genotype By Environment ◽  
Grain Number Per Spike

Abstract. In a series of field trials, a database of quantitative traits associated with winter wheat grain yield has been collected. The aim of the present study is to determine the relationships between the winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) traits of productivity in environments causing the maximum possible variation of each of the traits. In order to determine the correlations between the quantitative characters studied, all possible statistical methods have been applied (regression analysis, PCA, Multiple Correspondence analysis), which complement each other. It was found that the nature of the correlations between traits depends to a large extent on the methods for their evaluation. There are high and significant correlations between grain yields and the grain number per spike (weight of grain per spike and number of grains per m2) even under strong genotype by environment interaction of all the traits in trails. The established results are related to possible options for increasing winter wheat grain yield by breeding.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF STRAINS ASSOCIATED WITH TRITICUM AESTIVUM L. ON MICROBIOCENOSIS IN THE RHIZOSPHERE OF WINTER WHEAT OF CHERNOZEM SOUTHERN

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (24) ◽  
pp. 49-61
Author(s):  
A. Yu. Egovtseva ◽  
◽  
T.N. Melnichuk ◽  
S.F. Abdurashitov ◽  
E.E. Andronov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Active Phase ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Associative Bacteria ◽  
Number Of Microorganisms ◽  
Mineralization Processes

Pre-sowing inoculation with strains of associative bacteria is one of the promising methods for increasing the productivity of agricultural crops. These microorganisms are able to stimulate the growth processes of plants, improve their mineral nutrition, increase phytoimmunity and resistance to adverse factors. The aim of the research is to study the influence of strains with a high associative potential to Triticum aestivum L. on the microbiocenosis in the rhizosphere of soft wheat of several varieties grown on chernozem southern. The studies were carried out in 2018–2020 using three varieties – ‘Ermak’, ‘Bagheera’, ‘Lydia’. The experiments were laid on plots (accounting area – 25 m2) in systematic design, replicated four times. The climate of the study area is characterized as arid (steppe). Inoculation was carried out before wheat seeds sowing; option without treatment served as a control. Sampling was carried out in the most active phase – flowering (in May 2019 and 2020). In the course of the research, we found that changes in the number of microorganisms of various ecological-trophic groups of chernozem southern in the rhizosphere of wheat occur under the influence of bacterial strains associative to T. aestivum. Wheat variety ‘Bagheera’ was found to be the most responsive to seed bacterization; the average yield increase over two years of research was in the range of 0.2-0.4 t/ha or 5-10%. Calculation of coefficients and indices indicating the direction of mineralization processes in the soil made it possible to establish that inoculation promotes their activation. The results of the correlation analysis based on two-year data obtained after studying three varieties of winter wheat showed that the number of bacteria of the genus Azotobacter has the greatest influence on the yield – the correlation index is 0.81 at p <0.05.

scholarly journals COMPARISON OF PHOTOSYNTHETIC PARAMETERS IN DIFFERENT WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.) VARIETIES

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilona VAGUSEVICIENĖ ◽  
Sonata KAZLAUSKAITĖ ◽  
Aiste JUCHNEVICIENĖ ◽  
Asta BYLAITE ◽  
Audrone ŽEBRAUSKIENĖ
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Physiological Activity ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Maturity Stage ◽  
Photosynthetic Parameters ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Alcohol Extract

Dynamics of photosynthesis pigments in the leaves of different varieties of winter wheat during the vegetation period is analyzed in the paper. The accumulation of pigments in the plant depends on the physiological activity, growth and development of the plant, therefore the composition and content of photosynthesis pigments chlorophyll a, b and carotenoids reflect the general condition of the plant. The ratio of chlorophyll a / b for normal photosynthesis activity in the leaves of the plant should be at least 1:3. The object of the research is different varieties of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) - 'Artist', 'Edvin', 'Skagen', 'Bertold' and 'Viola'. Field experiment was carried out at the Experimental Station of Aleksandras Stulginskis University in 2015-2016. Soil type was identified as IDg8 - k (LVg - p - w - cc) - shallow calcareous luvisol (Calc (ar) i - Epihypogleyic Luvisols). Agrochemical parameters of the soil were determined using accepted analytical methods. The content of photosynthesis pigments (chlorophyll a, b and carotenoids) in green leaf mass was determined in 96% ethyl alcohol extract applying spectrophotometric Wettstein method, “Genesys” 6 spectrophotometer. The photosynthesis productivity (Fpr) was calculated according to the formula: Fpr = 2 (M2-M1) / (L1 + L2) T. The accuracy of the data analysis was estimated according to the standard measurement deviation from the mean. The highest content of photosynthesis pigments has been accumulated by winter wheat variety 'Skagen'. The best result has been observed at the end of nodding stage. A lower content of photosynthesis pigments has been found in the leaves of 'Edvin', 'Viola' and 'Artist' varieties. The highest photosynthesis productivity of all winter wheat varieties has been recorded at the end of nodding stage, and decrease of photosynthesis productivity has been observed since milk maturity stage.

scholarly journals Cultivar-specific accumulation of iron, manganese, zinc and copper in winter wheat grain (Triticum aestivum L.)

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 423-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jelena Milivojević ◽  
Ljiljana Bošković-Rakočević ◽  
Vera Đekić ◽  
Kristina Luković ◽  
Zoran Simić
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Manganese Zinc ◽  
Specific Accumulation ◽  
Iron Manganese

176 Evaluating Dual-purpose Wheat Varieties in the Southeastern U.S

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 93-94
Author(s):  
Micayla H West ◽  
Russell C Carrell ◽  
Sandra L Dillard
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
The United States ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Dual Purpose ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

Abstract Dual-purpose wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) systems increase farm sustainability by diversifying on-farm income. While these systems are common in the Southern Great Plains of the United States, they are not often utilized in the Southeast. This study aimed to evaluate pre- and post-grazing herbage mass (HM) of four winter wheat varieties managed under a dual-purpose grazing and grain production system. The winter wheat varieties evaluated were generic feed-type wheat (mixed variety, Feed), seed-type wheat (‘GA Gore’) and two forage-type varieties, ‘AGS 2024’ (AGS) and ‘Pioneer 26R41’ (Pioneer). The experiment was a completely randomized block design with n = 4. Each plot was randomly assigned either as no-grazing (CON) or grazing (GF2). Plots were grazed with cow-calf pairs that were fasted 24 h before each grazing event. Grazing was considered complete when the average stubble height was 10 cm. Herbage mass was determined using three 0.1m2-quadrats per plot and clipping to a 10 cm stubble height before (PreG) and after (PostG) each grazing event. Forage samples were then dried at 45°C for 72 h. Data were analyzed using PROC GLIMMIX of SAS (SAS Inst., Cary, NC). Differences were declared at P &lt; 0.05. Initial HM was greater for PreG than PostG (883 and 615 kg/ha, respectively; P &lt; 0.01). Prior to grazing, AGS (1204 kg/ha) was greater (P &lt; 0.02) than all other varieties. Pre-grazing, there were no differences among the other varieties (776 kg/ha; P &gt; 0.14). Post-grazing, AGS had a greater HM than Seed (788 and 391 ka/ha, respectively; P = 0.04), while all other varieties were intermediate (642 kg/ha). Herbage mass was affected by grazing frequency with CON being greater (P &lt; 0.01) than GF2 (993 and 691 kg/ha, respectively). These results indicate that both wheat variety and grazing treatment had an effect on dual-purpose wheat herbage mass.

scholarly journals Fungal pathogens of the genus Fusarium in winter wheat Triticum aestivum L. protected with fungicides in north-eastern Poland

2013 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Pszczółkowska ◽  
Adam Okorski ◽  
Jacek Olszewski ◽  
Joanna Jarmołkowicz
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Monthly Precipitation ◽  
Wheat Grain

Various diagnostic methods were used to evaluate the effect of fungicide protection on the prevalence of pathogenic fungi in wheat grain. Winter wheat cv. Nutka and Zyta was grown during a field experiment established in the Production and Experimental Station in Bałcyny in 2006–2007. The experimental factor was chemical crop protection: epoxiconazole, kresoxim-methyl and fenpropimorph applied at growth stages BBCH 33–35 as well as dimoxystrobin and epoxiconazole applied at BBCH 51–53. In this experiment, microscopic observations and conventional PCR assays were used as complementary methods. The quantification of <em>Fusarium</em> <em>poae</em> DNA by qPCR demonstrated the effectiveness of chemical protection against the analyzed fungal species. Lower monthly precipitation levels and higher daily temperatures intensified grain infections, in particular those caused by <em>F</em>. <em>poae</em>. A significant correlation was determined between the number of <em>F</em>. <em>poae</em> cultures isolated from winter wheat grain and the quantity of pathogenic DNA in grain identified by qPCR. Grain infections caused by <em>F</em>.<em> poae</em> lowered yield and thousand seed weight.

scholarly journals Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Tolerance to Mulch

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2047
Author(s):  
Matthew R. Ryan ◽  
Sandra Wayman ◽  
Christopher J. Pelzer ◽  
Caitlin A. Peterson ◽  
Uriel D. Menalled ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Weed Suppression ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
No Till

Mulch from cover crops can effectively suppress weeds in organic corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine max L.) as part of cover crop-based rotational no-till systems, but little is known about the feasibility of using mulch to suppress weeds in organic winter small grain crops. A field experiment was conducted in central NY, USA, to quantify winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seedling emergence, weed and crop biomass production, and wheat grain yield across a gradient of mulch biomass. Winter wheat seedling density showed an asymptotic relationship with mulch biomass, with no effect at low rates and a gradual decrease from moderate to high rates of mulch. Selective suppression of weed biomass but not wheat biomass was observed, and wheat grain yield was not reduced at the highest level of mulch (9000 kg ha−1). Results indicate that organic winter wheat can be no-till planted in systems that use mulch for weed suppression. Future research should explore wheat tolerance to mulch under different conditions, and the potential of no-till planting wheat directly into rolled-crimped cover crops.

scholarly journals Effect of the next-generation stimulants on the yielding capacity of winter wheat in moisture deficit conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 285 ◽  
pp. 02020
Author(s):  
Elena Drepa ◽  
Roman Pshenichniy ◽  
Marina Ponomarenko ◽  
Elena Golosnaya ◽  
Lyudmila Petrova
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Arid Region ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Fertilizer Treatment ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Yielding Capacity ◽  
Wheat Cultivation ◽  
Moisture Deficit ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Stavropol Krai

In the conditions of the Stavropol Krai arid region the single nutrient fertilizer treatment of winter wheat does not always justify the costs expended due to the moisture deficit during the growing season. In this regard, one of current promising areas is the additional combined use of chemical fertilizers, growth-stimulating agents and micronutrients intended for seed and vegetative plant treatment. In 2018–2020 a research was conducted into the effect of the VL 77 growth stimulants and the Orakul Semena, Orakul Multikompleks, and Orakul Sera Activ micronutrient complexes at different growth and development stages during winter wheat cultivation in the volatile weather conditions of the Stavropol Krai arid region. The research establishes the effectiveness of the combined use of the next-generation stimulants during winter wheat cultivation on chestnut soils in the conditions of the Stavropol Krai arid region. The highest yield of the Idilliya winter wheat variety (4.68 t/ha) was achieved by initially dressing the seeds with the VL 77 growth stimulants combined with the Orakul Semena micronutrient complex and treating the seeds with the VL 77 growth stimulants in combination with the Orakul Multikompleks micronutrient complex during the spring growth resumption period. The second treatment of vegetative plants during the flag leaf stage stimulated their growth, but moisture deficit reduced the yields by 2.3%. Still, the yields obtained exceeded the test yields by 4.3%. On average, during the three years of research the growth stimulant and micronutrient complex treatment boosted the yielding capacity in moisture deficit conditions by 4.6–5.1%. The cost effectiveness concurrently increased from 66.0% to 89.0%.

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