scholarly journals A Hybrid Method for Payload Enhancement in Image Steganography Based on Edge Area Detection

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 97-107
Author(s):  
Nadia A. Mohsin ◽  
Huda A. Alameen
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Method ◽  
Binary Operation ◽  
Secret Message ◽  
Embedding Capacity ◽  
Least Significant Bit ◽  
Stego Image ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Detection Techniques ◽  
Prewitt Edge Detection

Abstract In this research a new method for increasing the embedding capacity in images based on the edge area is proposed. The new approach combines Canny and Prewitt edge detection techniques using OR binary operation. The secret message is concealed using the Least Significant Bit (LSB) method. Embedding capacity, PSNR, SSIM, and MSE values are used as evaluation metrics. Based on the resulted values, the proposed method showed higher embedding capacity while keeping the PSNR, SSIM, MSE values without major changes of other methods which means keeping the imperceptibility quality of the stego image.

A New Steganography Method Using Integer Wavelet Transform and Least Significant Bit Substitution

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (11) ◽  
pp. 1639-1655
Author(s):  
Manashee Kalita ◽  
Themrichon Tuithung ◽  
Swanirbhar Majumder
Keyword(s):  
Wavelet Transform ◽  
Data Hiding ◽  
Integer Wavelet Transform ◽  
Embedding Capacity ◽  
Least Significant Bit ◽  
Stego Image ◽  
Significant Similarity ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Integer Wavelet

Abstract Steganography is a data hiding technique, which is used for securing data. Both spatial and transform domains are used to implement a steganography method. In this paper, a novel transform domain method is proposed to provide a better data hiding method. The method uses a multi-resolution transform function, integer wavelet transform (IWT) that decomposes an image into four subbands: low-low, low-high, high-low and high-high subband. The proposed method utilizes only the three subbands keeping the low-low subband untouched which helps to improve the quality of the stego image. The method applies a coefficient value differencing approach to determine the number of secret bits to be embedded in the coefficients. The method shows a good performance in terms of embedding capacity, imperceptibility and robustness. A number of metrics are computed to show the quality of the stego image. It can also withstand RS steganalysis, Chi-squared test and Subtractive Pixel Adjacency Matrix steganalysis successfully. The deformation of the histogram and Pixel Difference Histogram for different embedding percentages are also demonstrated, which show a significant similarity with the original cover image. The proposed method shows an achievement of 2.3bpp embedding capacity with a good quality of stego image.

scholarly journals A new approach for enhancing LSB steganography using bidirectional coding scheme

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 5286
Author(s):  
Mohammed M. Saeed Abdullah Al-Momin ◽  
Issa Ahmed Abed ◽  
Hussein A. Leftah
Keyword(s):  
Private Information ◽  
Cover Image ◽  
Secret Message ◽  
Least Significant Bit ◽  
Fixed Size ◽  
Stego Image ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Coding Scheme ◽  
Private Data ◽  
Carrier Image

This paper proposes a new algorithm for embedding private information within a cover image. Unlike all other already existing algorithms, this one tends to employ the data of the carrier image more efficiently such that the image looks less distorted. As a consequence, the private data is maintained unperceived and the sent information stays unsuspicious.  This task is achieved by dividing the least significant bit plane of the cover image into fixed size blocks, and then embedding the required top-secret message within each block using one of two opposite ways depending on the extent of similarity of each block with the private information needed to be hidden. This technique will contribute to lessen the number of bits needed to be changed in the cover image to accommodate the private data, and hence will substantially reduce the   amount of distortion in the stego-image when compared to the classic LSB image steganography algorithms.

scholarly journals Peningkatan Keamanan Pengiriman Pesan Teks: Kombinasi Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) 128 dan Least Significant Bit (LSB)

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-120
Author(s):  
Yulia Fatma ◽  
Afdhil Hafid ◽  
Heru Oktavian Dani
Keyword(s):  
Text Messages ◽  
Cover Image ◽  
Secret Message ◽  
Advanced Encryption Standard ◽  
Least Significant Bit ◽  
Stego Image ◽  
Important Thing ◽  
Insertion Process

Confidentiality in transfer the messages is an important thing to maintain. Increased security in transfer the messages can be improved using cryptography and steganography. This article aims to apply a combination of AES 128 cryptography and LSB steganography in an application, and measures the quality of the stego-image. In this article, the AES 128 algorithm is used for the encryption process of secret messages and the LSB algorithm for the process of inserting secret messages in the cover image. PSNR is used to measure the quality of the stego-image, by comparing the cover image and the stego-image. This research produces an application that can be used for the security of sending text messages by combining the AES 128 algorithm in the plaintext encryption and the LSB algorithm in the secret message insertion process. In term of measuring the quality of the stego-image, it was found that the character length of the secret message would have an impact on the MSE and PSNR values. This means, the longer the character of the secret message will affect the quality of the stego-image.

Image Complexity Analysis Based on HVS and Its Application in Steganography

2013 ◽  
Vol 333-335 ◽  
pp. 1118-1122
Author(s):  
Jun Li ◽  
Xiao Yuan Yang
Keyword(s):  
Wavelet Transform ◽  
Complexity Analysis ◽  
Visual Quality ◽  
Modulus Function ◽  
Secret Message ◽  
Embedding Capacity ◽  
Stego Image ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Human Eyes

With human eyes has different insensitive to different types of texture, edged and dark area, this paper proposed an image steganography with higher embedding capacity and good stego image quality. In our method, the image blocks was divided into four kinds (texture, edged, dark and smooth), and secret message was embedded with the algorithm of modulus function coincide with wavelet transform. From the experimental results, the complexity notion can distinguish different kinds of blocks precisely, and the steganography method can hide much larger message and maintain a good visual quality of stego image.

scholarly journals An RGB colour image steganography scheme using overlapping block-based pixel-value differencing

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 161066 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiv Prasad ◽  
Arup Kumar Pal
Keyword(s):  
Cover Image ◽  
Secret Message ◽  
Embedding Capacity ◽  
Secret Data ◽  
Stego Image ◽  
Colour Image ◽  
Pixel Value ◽  
Block Based ◽  
Pixel Value Differencing

This paper presents a steganographic scheme based on the RGB colour cover image. The secret message bits are embedded into each colour pixel sequentially by the pixel-value differencing (PVD) technique. PVD basically works on two consecutive non-overlapping components; as a result, the straightforward conventional PVD technique is not applicable to embed the secret message bits into a colour pixel, since a colour pixel consists of three colour components, i.e. red, green and blue. Hence, in the proposed scheme, initially the three colour components are represented into two overlapping blocks like the combination of red and green colour components, while another one is the combination of green and blue colour components, respectively. Later, the PVD technique is employed on each block independently to embed the secret data. The two overlapping blocks are readjusted to attain the modified three colour components. The notion of overlapping blocks has improved the embedding capacity of the cover image. The scheme has been tested on a set of colour images and satisfactory results have been achieved in terms of embedding capacity and upholding the acceptable visual quality of the stego-image.

scholarly journals Taylor expansion based stereo image reversible data hiding

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinyang Ying ◽  
Guobing Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Data Hiding ◽  
Reversible Data Hiding ◽  
Taylor Expansion ◽  
Stereo Image ◽  
Embedding Capacity ◽  
Stereo Images ◽  
Secret Data ◽  
Stego Image ◽  
Multi Level

Abstract The reversible data hiding allows original image to be completely recovered from the stego image when the secret data has been extracted, it is has drawn a lot of attentions from researchers. In this paper, a novel Taylor Expansion (TE) based stereo image reversible data hiding method is presented. Since the prediction accuracy is essential to the data hiding performance, a novel TE based predictor using correlations of two views of the stereo image is proposed. TE can fully exploit strong relationships between matched pixels in the stereo image so that the accuracy of the prediction can be improved. Then, histogram shifting is utilized to embed data to decrease distortion of stereo images, and multi-level hiding can increase embedding capacity. Experimental results show that the proposed method is superior to some existing data hiding methods considering embedding capacity and the quality of the stego stereo images.

scholarly journals Hungarian-Puzzled Text with Dynamic Quadratic Embedding Steganography

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 799
Author(s):  
Ebrahim Alrashed ◽  
Suood Suood Alroomi
Keyword(s):  
Exponential Growth ◽  
Assignment Problem ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Secret Message ◽  
Least Significant Bit ◽  
Digital Medium ◽  
Stego Image ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Hungarian Algorithm ◽  
Embedding Technique

Least-Significant-Bit (LSB) is one of the popular and frequently used steganography techniques to hide a secret message in a digital medium. Its popularity is due to its simplicity in implementation and ease of use. However, such simplicity comes with vulnerabilities. An embedded secret message using the traditional LSB insertion is easily decodable when the stego image is suspected to be hiding a secret message.  In this paper, we propose a novel secure and high quality LSB embedding technique. The security of the embedded payload is employed through introducing a novel quadratic embedding sequence. The embedding technique is also text dependent and has non-bounded inputs, making the possibilities of decoding infinite. Due to the exponential growth of and quadratic embedding, a novel cyclic technique is also introduced for the sequence that goes beyond the limits of the cover medium. The proposed method also aims to reduce the noise arising from embedding the secret message by reducing bits changed. This is done by partitioning the cover medium and the secret message into N partitions and artificially creating an assignment problem based on bit change criteria. The assignment problem will be solved using the Hungarian algorithm that will puzzle the secret message partition for an overall least bit change.

scholarly journals High-Capacity Image Steganography with Minimum Modified Bits Based on Data Mapping and LSB Substitution

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 2199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Zakaria ◽  
Mehdi Hussain ◽  
Ainuddin Wahab ◽  
Mohd Idris ◽  
Norli Abdullah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Visual Quality ◽  
Data Mapping ◽  
Embedding Capacity ◽  
Secret Data ◽  
Stego Image ◽  
Mapping Strategy ◽  
Lsb Substitution

Steganography is the art and practice of communication using hidden messages. The least significant bits (LSB) based method is the well-known type of steganography in the spatial domain. Usually, achieving the larger embedding capacity in LSB-based methods requires a large number of LSB bits modification which indirectly reduces the visual quality of stego-image and increases the risk of steganalysis detection attacks. In this study, we propose a novel steganography method with data mapping strategy which can reduce the number of bits modification per pixel. In the proposed method, four secret data bits are mapped with the four most significant bits of a cover pixel. Furthermore, the only two LSBs of a pixel are modified to indicate the mapping strategy. Experimental results show that the proposed method is able to achieve 3.48% larger embedding capacity while enhancing the visual quality (i.e., peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) 3.73 dB) and reducing the modification of 0.76 bits per pixel. Moreover, the proposed method provides security against basic Regular and Singular groups (RS) steganalysis and histogram steganalysis detection attacks.

scholarly journals Information Trouncing Via Slightest Momentous Spot System Procedure

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3.27) ◽  
pp. 488
Author(s):  
D Saravanan ◽  
N Sivaprasad ◽  
Dennis Joseph
Keyword(s):  
Visual Quality ◽  
Secret Message ◽  
Pseudorandom Number Generator ◽  
Least Significant Bit ◽  
Pixel Value ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Pixel Value Differencing ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Embedding Rate

The least-significant-bit based approach is a popular type of stenographic algorithms in the spatial domain. However, we find that in most existing approaches, the choice of embedding positions within a cover audio mainly depends on a pseudorandom number generator without considering the relationship between the audio content itself and the size of the secret message. In this paper, we expand the least significant bit matching revisited audio stegnography and propose an edge adaptive scheme which can select the embedding regions according to the size of secret message and the difference between two consecutive pixels in the cover audio. For lower embedding rates, only sharper edge regions are used while keeping the other smoother regions as they are. When the embedding rate increases, more edge regions can be released adaptively for data hiding by adjusting just a few parameters. New scheme can enhance the security significantly compared with typical least significant bit-based approaches as well as their edge adaptive ones, such as pixel-value-differencing-based approaches, while preserving higher visual quality of stegno audios at the same time.  

scholarly journals An Efficient Watermarking and Key Generation Technique Using DWT Algorithm in Three-Dimensional Image

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 2360-2365
Keyword(s):  
Low Frequency ◽  
Visual Quality ◽  
Huffman Coding ◽  
Secret Message ◽  
Source Image ◽  
Discrete Wavelet ◽  
Original Image ◽  
Least Significant Bit ◽  
Image Contrast Enhancement

Discrete Wavelet Transform is the algorithm which can be used to increase the contrast of an image for better visual quality of an image. The histogram value for original image with highest bins is taken for embedding the data into an image to perform the histogram equalization for repeating the process simultaneously. Information can be embedded into the source image with some bit value, for recovering the original image without any loss of the pixels. DWT is the first algorithm which has achieved the image contrast enhancement accurately. This approach maintained the original visual quality of an image even though themessage bits are embedded into the contrast-enhanced images. The proposed work with an original watermarking scheme based on the least significant bit technique. As a substitute of embedding the data into a simple image as watermarking, least significant bitmethod by utilizing the three wavelets transform is applied in the proposed system in order to enhance the embedding technique using spatial domain. For security, the Huffman coding has used to secure the data embedded into a host image, which can convert the secret message sequence into bit sequence for least significant bit operation. DWT can analyze the signal at multiple resolutions and it can divide the image into two types of quadrants as high and low-frequency quadrants. Here dividing an image into low and high it makes the information to hide.

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