scholarly journals Research progress of siRNA in anti-influenza viral infection

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 50-55
Author(s):  
Li Han
Keyword(s):  
Viral Infection ◽  
Small Interfering Rna ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
New Concepts ◽  
Seasonal Flu ◽  
Influenza Viral Infection ◽  
Interfering Rna

AbstractThe harms of seasonal flu and global pandemic influenza have generally attracted attention. However, the currently administered influenza drugs and flu vaccines have certain limitations. Since the discovery of the small interfering RNA (siRNA) and its mediated RNA interference process, this molecule has been widely used in the study of anti-influenza viral infections because of its high specificity and strong selectivity. The results provided new concepts for the prevention and treatment of influenza virus. However, the siRNA still faces an enormous challenge despite extensive studies on this molecule. The research progress of siRNA in anti-influenza viral infection was reviewed in this study.

scholarly journals A small interfering RNA (siRNA) database for SARS-CoV-2

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inácio Gomes Medeiros ◽  
André Salim Khayat ◽  
Beatriz Stransky ◽  
Sidney Emanuel Batista dos Santos ◽  
Paulo Pimentel de Assumpção ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Genome ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Small Interfering Rna ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Information Base ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
The World ◽  
Rna Genome ◽  
Target Sequences ◽  
Interfering Rna

ABSTRACTCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) rapidly transformed into a global pandemic, for which a demand for developing antivirals capable of targeting the SARS-CoV-2 RNA genome and blocking the activity of its genes has emerged. In this work, we propose a database of SARS-CoV-2 targets for siRNA approaches, aiming to speed the design process by providing a broad set of possible targets and siRNA sequences. Beyond target sequences, it also displays more than 170 features, including thermodynamic information, base context, target genes and alignment information of sequences against the human genome, and diverse SARS-CoV-2 strains, to assess whether siRNAs targets bind or not off-target sequences. This dataset is available as a set of four tables in a single spreadsheet file, each table corresponding to sequences of 18, 19, 20, and 21 nucleotides length, respectively, aiming to meet the diversity of technology and expertise among labs around the world concerning siRNAs design of varied sizes, more specifically between 18 and 21nt length. We hope that this database helps to speed the development of new target antivirals for SARS-CoV-2, contributing to more rapid and effective responses to the COVID-19 pandemic.

JP-8 jet fuel exposure suppresses the immune response to viral infections

2008 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 209-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
DT Harris ◽  
D Sakiestewa ◽  
D Titone ◽  
X He ◽  
J Hyde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Viral Infection ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Immunosuppressive Agents ◽  
Interleukin 10 ◽  
Jet Fuel ◽  
Us Air Force ◽  
Influenza Viral Infection

The US Air Force has implemented the widespread use of JP-8 jet fuel in its operations, although a thorough understanding of its potential effects upon exposed personnel is unclear. Previous work has reported that JP-8 exposure is immunosuppressive. Exposure of mice to JP-8 for 1 h/day resulted in immediate secretion of two immunosuppressive agents, namely, interleukin-10 and prostaglandin E2. Thus, it was of interest to determine if jet fuel exposure might alter the immune response to infectious agents. The Hong Kong influenza model was used for these studies. Mice were exposed to 1000 mg/m3 JP-8 (1 h/day) for 7 days before influenza viral infection. Animals were infected intra-nasally with virus and followed in terms of overall survival as well as immune responses. All surviving animals were killed 14 days after viral infection. In the present study, JP-8 exposure increased the severity of the viral infection by suppressing the anti-viral immune responses. That is, exposure of mice to JP-8 for 1 h/day for 7 days before infection resulted in decreased immune cell viability after exposure and infection, a greater than fourfold decrease in immune proliferative responses to mitogens, as well as an overall loss of CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ T cells from the lymph nodes, but not the spleens, of infected animals. These changes resulted in decreased survival of the exposed and infected mice, with only 33% of animals surviving as compared with 50% of mice infected but not jet fuel–exposed (and 100% of mice exposed only to JP-8). Thus, short-term, low-concentration JP-8 jet fuel exposures have significant suppressive effects on the immune system which can result in increased severity of viral infections.

scholarly journals A small interfering RNA (siRNA) database for SARS-CoV-2

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Inácio Gomes Medeiros ◽  
André Salim Khayat ◽  
Beatriz Stransky ◽  
Sidney Santos ◽  
Paulo Assumpção ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Interfering Rna ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Effective Response ◽  
Small Interference Rna ◽  
Information Base ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
The World ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Interfering Rna ◽  
Interference Rna

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) rapidly transformed into a global pandemic, for which a demand for developing antivirals capable of targeting the SARS-CoV-2 RNA genome and blocking the activity of its genes has emerged. In this work, we presented a database of SARS-CoV-2 targets for small interference RNA (siRNA) based approaches, aiming to speed the design process by providing a broad set of possible targets and siRNA sequences. The siRNAs sequences are characterized and evaluated by more than 170 features, including thermodynamic information, base context, target genes and alignment information of sequences against the human genome, and diverse SARS-CoV-2 strains, to assess possible bindings to off-target sequences. This dataset is available as a set of four tables, available in a spreadsheet and CSV (Comma-Separated Values) formats, each one corresponding to sequences of 18, 19, 20, and 21 nucleotides length, aiming to meet the diversity of technology and expertise among laboratories around the world. A metadata table (Supplementary Table S1), which describes each feature, is also provided in the aforementioned formats. We hope that this database helps to speed up the development of new target antivirals for SARS-CoV-2, contributing to a possible strategy for a faster and effective response to the COVID-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals Viral infection impacts transposable element transcript amounts inDrosophila

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (22) ◽  
pp. 12249-12257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marlène Roy ◽  
Barbara Viginier ◽  
Édouard Saint-Michel ◽  
Frédérick Arnaud ◽  
Maxime Ratinier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Interfering Rna ◽  
Sindbis Virus ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Chronic Infections ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Rna Pathways ◽  
Pirna Pathway ◽  
Interfering Rna ◽  
Sirna Pathway

Transposable elements (TEs) are genomic parasites that are found in all genomes, some of which display sequence similarity to certain viruses. In insects, TEs are controlled by the Piwi-interacting small interfering RNA (piRNA) pathway in gonads, while the small interfering RNA (siRNA) pathway is dedicated to TE somatic control and defense against viruses. So far, these two small interfering RNA pathways are considered to involve distinct molecular effectors and are described as independent. Using Sindbis virus (SINV) inDrosophila, here we show that viral infections affect TE transcript amounts via modulations of the piRNA and siRNA repertoires, with the clearest effects in somatic tissues. These results suggest that viral acute or chronic infections may impact TE activity and, thus, the tempo of genetic diversification. In addition, these results deserve further evolutionary considerations regarding potential benefits to the host, the virus, or the TEs.

scholarly journals Immunopathogenesis of Different Emerging Viral Infections: Evasion, Fatal Mechanism, and Prevention

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Betsy Yang ◽  
Kuender D. Yang
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Viral Infection ◽  
Crisis Management ◽  
Early Treatment ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Emerging Infections ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
The World ◽  
Pandemic Threat ◽  
Vector Borne

Different emerging viral infections may emerge in different regions of the world and pose a global pandemic threat with high fatality. Clarification of the immunopathogenesis of different emerging viral infections can provide a plan for the crisis management and prevention of emerging infections. This perspective article describes how an emerging viral infection evolves from microbial mutation, zoonotic and/or vector-borne transmission that progresses to a fatal infection due to overt viremia, tissue-specific cytotropic damage or/and immunopathology. We classified immunopathogenesis of common emerging viral infections into 4 categories: 1) deficient immunity with disseminated viremia (e.g., Ebola); 2) pneumocytotropism with/without later hyperinflammation (e.g., COVID-19); 3) augmented immunopathology (e.g., Hanta); and 4) antibody-dependent enhancement of infection with altered immunity (e.g., Dengue). A practical guide to early blocking of viral evasion, limiting viral load and identifying the fatal mechanism of an emerging viral infection is provided to prevent and reduce the transmission, and to do rapid diagnoses followed by the early treatment of virus neutralization for reduction of morbidity and mortality of an emerging viral infection such as COVID-19.

The diagnosis of hepatitis C viral infection

2014 ◽  
Vol 155 (26) ◽  
pp. 1019-1023
Author(s):  
Judit Gervain
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Viral Infection ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Transient Elastography ◽  
Viral Nucleic Acid ◽  
Length Of Treatment ◽  
Subtype B

The successful therapy of hepatitis C viral infection requires that the illness is diagnosed before the development of structural changes of the liver. Testing is stepwise consisting of screening, diagnosis, and anti-viral therapy follow-up. For these steps there are different biochemical, serological, histological and molecular biological methods available. For screening, alanine aminotransferase and anti-HCV tests are used. The diagnosis of infection is confirmed using real-time polymerase chain reaction of the viral nucleic acid. Before initiation of the therapy liver biopsy is recommended to determine the level of structural changes in the liver. Alternatively, transient elastography or blood biomarkers may be also used for this purpose. Differential diagnosis should exclude the co-existence of other viral infections and chronic hepatitis due to other origin, with special attention to the presence of autoantibodies. The outcome of the antiviral therapy and the length of treatment are mainly determined by the viral genotype. In Hungary, most patients are infected with genotype 1, subtype b. The polymorphism type that occurs in the single nucleotide located next to the interleukin 28B region in chromosome 19 and the viral polymorphism type Q80K for infection with HCV 1a serve as predictive therapeutic markers. The follow-up of therapy is based on the quantitative determination of viral nucleic acid according to national and international protocols and should use the same method and laboratory throughout the treatment of an individual patient. Orv. Hetil., 2014, 155(26), 1019–1023.

OnPoint: A package for online experiments in motor control and motor learning

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Sanching Tsay ◽  
Alan S. Lee ◽  
Guy Avraham ◽  
Darius E. Parvin ◽  
Jeremy Ho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Motor Learning ◽  
Open Source Software ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Large N ◽  
Open Source Software Package ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
The One

Motor learning experiments are typically run in-person, exploiting finely calibrated setups (digitizing tablets, robotic manipulandum, full VR displays) that provide high temporal and spatial resolution. However, these experiments come at a cost, not limited to the one-time expense of purchasing equipment but also the substantial time devoted to recruiting participants and administering the experiment. Moreover, exceptional circumstances that limit in-person testing, such as a global pandemic, may halt research progress. These limitations of in-person motor learning research have motivated the design of OnPoint, an open-source software package for motor control and motor learning researchers. As with all online studies, OnPoint offers an opportunity to conduct large-N motor learning studies, with potential applications to do faster pilot testing, replicate previous findings, and conduct longitudinal studies (GitHub repository: https://github.com/alan-s-lee/OnPoint).

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