scholarly journals CT Inspection of Cooled Turbine Blades

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-331
Author(s):  
Radosław Przysowa ◽  
Marek Chalimoniuk ◽  
Danuta Grzelka-Gajek ◽  
Ruslan Shakalo ◽  
Artem Karpenko
Keyword(s):  
Production Control ◽  
Turbine Blades ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Inspection Method ◽  
Manufacturing Defects ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Gas Turbine Blades ◽  
Engine Efficiency ◽  
Operational Failures ◽  
Non Destructive

AbstractTo improve the engine efficiency by increasing the gas temperature, multi-layer cooling passages are applied in new designs of gas turbine blades. As a result, traditional non-destructive methods, which have been applied so far in the production control, became insufficient. The aim of this manuscript is to develop an inspection method for cooling passages of turbine blades, which would be helpful in detecting manufacturing defects of blades and their operational failures. GE v/tome/x/m 300 was applied to conduct dimensional control and check the interior of two types of turbine blades from turboshaft engines. The procedure for selecting X-ray parameters was suggested. The thickness of walls in the selected cross-section was measured with the accuracy of 0.01 mm, and the selected manufacturing defects of cooling passages were identified.

scholarly journals Exemplification of Detecting Gas Turbine Blade Structure Defects Using the X-ray Computed Tomography Method

Aerospace ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 119
Author(s):  
Józef Błachnio ◽  
Marek Chalimoniuk ◽  
Artur Kułaszka ◽  
Henryk Borowczyk ◽  
Dariusz Zasada
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Turbine Blades ◽  
Technical Condition ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Manufacturing Defects ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Computed ◽  
Ct System ◽  
Non Destructive

X-ray computed tomography is more often applied in non-destructive testing the quality of construction elements significantly crucial for reliability and safety of device elements, machines and complex industrial systems. This article describes the computed tomography (CT) system used to inspect the technical condition of turbine blades of the aircraft engine. The impact of the experimental conditions on the correctness of the obtained results was determined. The appropriate selection of parameters for the experiment was given, and the correct test results of gas turbine blades were presented. Failures, manufacturing defects, material deviations of nickel-cobalt alloyed blades were identified. The thickness of walls was measured in the selected cross-sections with the accuracy of 0.01 mm, and selected manufacturing defects of cooling passages were diagnosed. It was demonstrated that the application of the CT system allows for detailed non-destructive inspection of the technical condition of machine parts. The test results proved that the X-ray computed tomography could be applied in the production and repairs of machines.

Chemical partitioning of elements in Ni-base MC-carbide reinforced eutetic superalloys

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 250-251
Author(s):  
E. F. Koch ◽  
E. L. Hall ◽  
S. W. Yang
Keyword(s):  
Alloy Composition ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Lattice Mismatch ◽  
Turbine Blades ◽  
Eutectic Alloys ◽  
Alloy Matrix ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Gas Turbine Blades ◽  
Analytical Electron ◽  
Analytical Electron Microscope

The plane-front solidified eutectic alloys consisting of aligned tantalum monocarbide fibers in a nickel alloy matrix are currently under consideration for future aircraft and gas turbine blades. The MC fibers provide exceptional strength at high temperatures. In these alloys, the Ni matrix is strengthened by the precipitation of the coherent γ' phase (ordered L12 structure, nominally Ni3Al). The mechanical strength of these materials can be sensitively affected by overall alloy composition, and these strength variations can be due to several factors, including changes in solid solution strength of the γ matrix, changes in they γ' size or morphology, changes in the γ-γ' lattice mismatch or interfacial energy, or changes in the MC morphology, volume fraction, thermal stability, and stoichiometry. In order to differentiate between these various mechanisms, it is necessary to determine the partitioning of elemental additions between the γ,γ', and MC phases. This paper describes the results of such a study using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy in the analytical electron microscope.

An X-ray study of residual macrostresses in protective coatings for gas-turbine blades

1997 ◽  
Vol 39 (11) ◽  
pp. 484-488
Author(s):  
Yu. D. Yagodkin ◽  
K. M. Pastukhov ◽  
E. V. Milyaeva ◽  
S. A. Muboyadzhyan ◽  
S. A. Budinovskii
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Protective Coatings ◽  
Turbine Blades ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Gas Turbine Blades ◽  
Residual Macrostresses

scholarly journals Capabilities to Assess Health/Maintenance Status of Gas Turbine Blades with Non-Destructive Methods

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 41-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Józef Błachnio
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Turbine Blades ◽  
Health Maintenance ◽  
Visual Method ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Active Thermography ◽  
X Ray Computed ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Destructive Methods

Abstract The paper has been intended to discuss non-destructive testing methods and to present capabilities of applying them to diagnose objectively changes in the microstructure of a turbine blade with computer software engaged to assist with the analyses. The following techniques are discussed: a visual method, based on the processing of images of the material surface in visible light, active thermography, based on the detection of infrared radiation, and the X-ray computed tomography. All these are new non-destructive methods of assessing technical condition of structural components of machines. They have been intensively developed at research centers worldwide, and in Poland. The computer-aided visual method of analyzing images enables diagnosis of the condition of turbine blades, without the necessity of dismantling of the turbine. On the other hand, the active thermography and the X-ray computed tomography, although more sensitive and more reliable, can both be used with the blades dismounted from the turbine. If applied in a complex way, the non-destructive methods presented in this paper, are expected to increase significantly probability of detecting changes in the blade's condition, which in turn would be advantageous to reliability and safety of gas turbine service.

scholarly journals МЕТОДЫ КОНТРОЛЯ ВНУТРЕННЕЙ ПОЛОСТИ ОХЛАЖДАЕМЫХ ЛОПАТОК ТВД С ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫМИ СИСТЕМАМИ ОХЛАЖДЕНИЯ

2019 ◽  
pp. 133-137
Author(s):  
Руслан Юрьевич Шакало ◽  
Марек Халимонюк
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Turbine Blades ◽  
Internal Cavity ◽  
Dimensional Control ◽  
Inspection Method ◽  
Manufacturing Defects ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Institute Of Technology ◽  
Manufacturing Technologies

The cooled turbine blades are very complex, labor-intensive parts, both for manufacturing and for inspection. With the development of aviation gas-turbine engines, the design of cooled turbine blades is becoming more complicated. To create new promising cooled turbine blades requires the introduction of new advanced manufacturing technologies and new progressive methods of dimensional control. This paper discusses the existing methods of inspection, which are used in the manufacture of turbine blades in mass production. Their advantages and disadvantages are given. The results of the work carried out in the framework of the international project "AERO.UA" are presented. The work was carried out to develop the inspection method of the internal cavity of the high-pressure turbine (HPT) blade with a promising cooling system developed at Ivchenko-Progress. The inspection of the internal cavity of the HPT blade with a promising cooling system was performed using computed tomography. Computed tomography performed at the Air Force Institute of Technology (ITWL) Warsaw on the General Electric X-Ray phoenix V | tome | X m tomograph. According to the results of testing the inspection method, the possibility of identifying manufacturing defects, the detection of which under the conditions of steady-state production is associated with very labor-intensive operations, is shown, and in some cases, inspection is impossible at all without destroying the part or performing expensive repairs. An assessment was made of the possibility of monitoring the geometrical dimensions of the internal cavity and external surfaces of cooled turbine blades. With the use of computed tomography, the dimensional control is possible with an accuracy of 0.01 mm. But to bind the blades to the base surfaces specified in the drawing when scanning, you must use a special snap. To confirm the possibility of controlling the dimensions specified in the drawing, it is necessary to continue work on scanning the cooled turbine blades using special tools.

scholarly journals IMAGE OF THE SURFACE OF GAS TURBINE BLADE AS A DIAGNOSTIC SIGNAL

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 209-214
Author(s):  
Józef Błachnio ◽  
Iwona Zabrocka
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Turbine Blades ◽  
Statistical Parameter ◽  
Digital Processing ◽  
Pass Filter ◽  
Low Pass Filter ◽  
Gas Turbine Blades ◽  
The Status ◽  
Low Pass ◽  
Non Destructive

Abstract This paper outlines a non-destructive method that is suitable for evaluation of condition demonstrated by gas turbine blades and is based on digital processing of images acquired from the blade surface in visible light. To enable high clearness of these images the particular attention is paid to the problem of how to provide optimum conditions for investigations and mitigate geometrical distortions of images acquired from maintenance operations. The paper demonstrates that there are relationships between operation lifetime of blades and discoloration of their surfaces due to overheating of the blade material. These relationships are revealed by digital analysis of images acquired for the blade surfaces and expressed as statistical parameter of the first and second order. To improve unambiguity of the analysis results a low-pass filter was applied. It was demonstrated that these relationships are suitable for evaluation how much the status of the blade material microstructure is altered

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF TECHNICAL CONDITION ASSESSMENT OF GAS TURBINE BLADES WITH NON-DESTRUCTIVE METHODS

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 203-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Józef Błachnio
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Turbine Blades ◽  
Technical Condition ◽  
Structural Components ◽  
Visual Method ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Active Thermography ◽  
X Ray Computed ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Destructive Methods

Abstract Structural components of gas turbines, particularly the blades, sustain a variety of damages during the operation process. The most frequent cause of these damages are the overheating and thermal fatigue of the material. A primary technique to assess condition of the blades is the metallographic examination. In spite of the fact that metallographic analysis delivers much more information on the structure of examined blade material, it is a type of destructive test resulting in the destruction of the blade which makes further utilization of the item impossible. The paper has been intended to discuss non-destructive testing methods and to present capabilities of applying them to diagnose objectively changes in the microstructure of a turbine blade with computer software engaged to assist with the analyses. The following techniques are discussed: a visual method, based on the processing of images of the material surface in visible light, active thermography, based on the detection of infrared radiation, and the X-ray computed tomography. All these are new non-destructive methods of assessing technical condition of structural components of machines. They have been intensively developed at research centers worldwide, and in Poland. The computer-aided visual method of analyzing images enables diagnosis of the condition of turbine blades, without the necessity of dismantling of the turbine. On the other hand, the active thermography and the X-ray computed tomography, although more sensitive and more reliable, can both be used with the blades dismounted from the turbine. If applied in a complex way, the non-destructive methods presented in this paper, are expected to increase significantly probability of detecting changes in the blade’s condition, which in turn would be advantageous to reliability and safety of gas turbine service

scholarly journals Assessment of Technical Condition Demonstrated by Gas Turbine Blades by Processing of Images for Their Surfaces / Oceny Stanu Łopatek Turbiny Gazowej Metodą Przetwarzania Obrazów Ich Powierzchni

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-50
Author(s):  
Józef Błachnio ◽  
Jarosław Spychała ◽  
Wojciech Pawlak ◽  
Artur Kułaszka
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Turbine Blades ◽  
Technical Condition ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Statistical Parameters ◽  
Gas Turbine Blades ◽  
First Order ◽  
Alloy Microstructure ◽  
Non Destructive

Abstract The paper presents a non-destructive test method that makes it possible to assess condition of gas turbine blades based on the analysis of their images acquired in visible light. The results of high temperature’s influence on the condition of blades are revealed. The direct relationship between the temperatures of blades and discoloration of their surfaces is demonstrated. These relationships have been found out by the analysis of images in the form of first order statistical parameters derived wherefrom. The studies revealed alterations of the blade superalloy microstructures entailed by the effect of high temperature, hence the results in the form of first order statistical parameters could be correlated against alterations of the blade superalloy microstructures. Eventually, the variations of first order statistical parameters as well as variations of the blade superalloy microstructures could be determined as the functions of temperature. These relationships make it possible to assess how much the alloy microstructure is altered due to high temperature merely by discoloration of the blade surface. The innovative method can be used for in-flight evaluation of the superalloy overheating for gas turbine blades in operation.

Segmentation of Additive Manufacturing Defects Using U-Net

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivian Wen Hui Wong ◽  
Max Ferguson ◽  
Kincho H. Law ◽  
Yung-Tsun Tina Lee ◽  
Paul Witherell
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Data Augmentation ◽  
Automatic Segmentation ◽  
Model Development ◽  
Segmentation Method ◽  
Manufacturing Defects ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Design Flexibility ◽  
X Ray Computed ◽  
Non Destructive

Abstract Additive manufacturing (AM) provides design flexibility and allows rapid fabrications of parts with complex geometries. The presence of internal defects, however, can lead to deficit performance of the fabricated part. X-ray Computed Tomography (XCT) is a non-destructive inspection technique often used for AM parts. Although defects within AM specimens can be identified and segmented by manually thresholding the XCT images, the process can be tedious and inefficient, and the segmentation results can be ambiguous. The variation in the shapes and appearances of defects also poses difficulty in accurately segmenting defects. This paper describes an automatic defect segmentation method using U-Net based deep convolutional neural network (CNN) architectures. Several models of U-Net variants are trained and validated on an AM XCT image dataset containing pores and cracks, achieving a best mean intersection over union (IOU) value of 0.993. Performance of various U-Net models is compared and analyzed. Specific to AM porosity segmentation with XCT images, several techniques in data augmentation and model development are introduced. This work demonstrates that, using XCT images, U-Net can be effectively applied for automatic segmentation of AM porosity with high accuracy. The method can potentially help improve quality control of AM parts in an industry setting.

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