scholarly journals Monitored therapy of sporadic mycobacteriosis caused by Mycobacterium genavense in Atlantic canaries (Serinus canaria) and Bengalese finch (Lonchura striata)

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Ledwoń ◽  
Izabella Dolka ◽  
Krzysztof Adamczyk ◽  
Piotr Szeleszczuk
Keyword(s):  
Active Drug ◽  
Treatment Initiation ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Bengalese Finch ◽  
Serinus Canaria ◽  
Molecular Tests ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Mycobacterium Genavense ◽  
Significant Disease ◽  
Positive Results

Abstract Introduction Mycobacteriosis is a significant disease of companion and wild birds which causes emaciation and widely distributed lesions, as well as being a potential zoonosis. Its primary aetiological agents in birds are Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium and the fastidious Mycobacterium genavense. This study monitored the therapy of birds naturally infected with Mycobacterium genavense to gain understanding of its effectiveness and the interrelation of co-infections with the disease course and pharmacotherapy. Material and Methods Five Atlantic canaries (Serinus canaria) and one Bengalese finch (Lonchura striata) with tentative diagnoses of mycobacteriosis resulting from M. genavense infection were treated twice daily with clarithromycin at 40 mg/kg, ethambutol at 30 mg/kg, and moxifloxacin at 10 mg/kg for 6 months. Two canaries were also found to be carriers of Cryptosporidium galli. Mycobacteria in faecal samples of all birds were investigated by bacterioscopy and quantitative PCR. Results Molecular tests yielded positive results for up to four months after treatment initiation for M. genavense and Cryptosporidium, but microscopy failed to detect the latter after four weeks in specimens from one canary. Co-infections with polyomavirus (in all birds) and circovirus and bornavirus (in canaries) were diagnosed. Two birds died during treatment and one was euthanised because of other disease, 1 month after treatment completion. Three canaries were in relatively good health a year after treatment. Conclusion Canary circovirus and polyomavirus co-infection may suppress the immune system and this may facilitate the development of mycobacteriosis. The set of drugs used led to the complete cure of mycobacteriosis in three canaries. In one bird the disease returned. Clarithromycin was the active drug against C. galli. Molecular methods serve well to monitor mycobacteriosis therapy and identify M. genavense and C. galli carriage.

Detection of Low-Level Carbadox Residues in Animal Feeds by High Pressure Liquid Chromatography

1977 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-283
Author(s):  
Ronald G Luchtefeld
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
High Pressure Liquid Chromatography ◽  
False Positive ◽  
Active Drug ◽  
Hplc Method ◽  
High Pressure Liquid Chromatographic ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic ◽  
Positive Results

Abstract The high pressure liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method is capable of detecting from 1 to 0.024 ppm methyl 3-(2-quinoxalinyl-methylene) carhazate-Nl,N4-dioxido (carbadox). Carbadox is extracted from the feed with 2% NH4OH in acetone, passed through a liquid-liquid partition, subjected to HPLC, and detected by using a 365 nm detector. No feed materials or other active drug ingredients produced false positive results.

scholarly journals Survey of husbandry practices for bovidae in zoos: the importance of parasite management for reintroduction programmes

2019 ◽  
Vol 184 (9) ◽  
pp. 282-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eulalia Moreno Mañas ◽  
Moisés Gonzálvez Juan ◽  
María del Rocío Ruiz de Ybáñez Carnero ◽  
Tania Gilbert ◽  
Juana Ortiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prophylactic Treatment ◽  
Sampling Methods ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Parasite Prevalence ◽  
Parasite Control ◽  
Molecular Tests ◽  
Frequent Use ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Cause Of Failure ◽  
And Control

Animals from zoological institutions may be used for reintroductions. These individuals are considered healthy, but they are not necessarily free of parasites, despite the minimum husbandry standards required of zoological institutions as described in the European Association of Zoos and Aquaria guidelines. In this sense, parasitism has been identified as the cause of failure, or has added difficulties, in some reintroduction programmes. Here the authors attempt to summarise the risk of parasitism to animals originating from zoological institutions by analysing a questionnaire about parasite prevalence, sampling methods, treatment and control in three ungulates in European zoos. Completed questionnaires were received from 38 institutions (58.5 per cent response rate). Most of the responding institutions (97 per cent) detected the eggs of endoparasites in faeces, but only one reported ectoparasites. Most institutions followed a similar preventive schedule, with ivermectin as the preferred prophylactic treatment for parasites, commonly administered in food every six months. The frequent use of concentrating flotation techniques as the sole method to evaluate the presence of parasite eggs in faecal samples is not recommended because it fails to detect trematode and lung nematode infections, so it would be better to use flotation techniques together with sedimentation procedures or serological and molecular tests. The results suggest that parasite control in zoological institutions can be complicated, indicating the need to implement a specific management schedule for institutions involved in reintroduction projects.

Detection of Echinococcus multilocularis in faeces by nested PCR with the use of diluted DNA samples

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Karamon
Keyword(s):  
Echinococcus Multilocularis ◽  
Nested Pcr ◽  
Dna Isolation ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Standard Samples ◽  
Red Foxes ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
False Negative Results ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Positive Results

AbstractThe aim of this study was to choose the optimal variant of PCR examination of faeces to detect Echinococcus multilocularis infection which would allow to reduce the influence of different inhibitors in faeces. The investigation was carried out by comparison of 3 different methods of DNA isolation from faeces and different DNA dilutions used in PCR. Thirty five intestines of red foxes were used. Small intestines were examined by the sedimentation and counting technique (SCT). Faeces were collected from the rectum for PCR and flotation. DNA were isolated with the use of 3 different methods. Two methods were dedicated for faeces: method 1 (M1) - for larger samples and method 2 (M2) - for standard samples. The third method, method 3 (M3), was not dedicated for faeces. DNA samples were tested by nested PCR in 6 variants: not diluted (1/1) and 5 diluted (1/2.5, 1/5, 1/10. 1/20, 1/40). E. multilocularis was found by SCT in 18 from 35 (51.4%) intestines. Taenia-type eggs were detected only in 20.0% of faecal samples. In PCR the highest number of positive results (45.7%) were obtained during examination of DNA isolated by M1 method, and then 40.0% and 34.3%, respectively, for M2 and M3. In some samples positive results in PCR were obtained only in diluted DNA. For example, 8 from 12 positive samples isolated by M3 method gave the PCR negative results in non-diluted DNA and positive only after dilution 1:2.5, 1:10 or 1:20. Also 3 samples isolated by methods dedicated for stool gave positive results only after DNA dilution. The investigation has revealed that in copro-PCR for detection of E. multilocularis infection additional using of diluted DNA (besides non diluted) can avoid false negative results causing by PCR inhibition. In the best method of DNA isolation (M1), the use of non diluted DNA sample together with diluted in proportion 1:10 seems to be optimal.

Influenza B false-positive results by rapid molecular tests Alere™ i Influenza A&B 2 in France

2019 ◽  
Vol 94 (4) ◽  
pp. 342-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Pierre Otto ◽  
Anne-Lise Toyer ◽  
Cécile Poggi ◽  
Frédéric Janvier
Keyword(s):  
False Positive ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Influenza B ◽  
Molecular Tests ◽  
Positive Results

A national outbreak of verotoxin-producingEscherichia coliO157 associated with consumption of lemon-and-coriander chicken wraps from a supermarket chain

2008 ◽  
Vol 137 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. WHITTAKER ◽  
W. SOPWITH ◽  
C. QUIGLEY ◽  
I. GILLESPIE ◽  
G. A. WILLSHAW ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Production ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Descriptive Epidemiology ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Positive Results ◽  
Control Study

SUMMARYA national outbreak of verotoxin-producingEscherichia coliO157 infection affected five English regions and Wales. Twelve cases were associated with lemon-and-coriander chicken wrap from a single supermarket chain consumed over a 5-day period. An outbreak investigation aimed to identify the source of infection. Descriptive epidemiology and phenotypic and genotypic tests on human isolates indicated a point-source outbreak; a case-control study showed a very strong association between consumption of lemon-and-coriander chicken wrap from the single supermarket chain and being a case (OR 46·40, 95% CI 5·39–∞,P=0·0002). Testing of raw ingredients, products and faecal samples from staff in the food production unit did not yield any positive results. The outbreak was probably caused by one contaminated batch of an ingredient in the chicken wrap. Even when current best practice is in place, ready-to-eat foods can still be a risk for widespread infection.

Acceptability of dual HIV/syphilis rapid test in community- and home-based testing strategy among transgender women in Buenos Aires, Argentina

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 501-509
Author(s):  
Virginia Zalazar ◽  
Claudia E Frola ◽  
Ana Gun ◽  
Pablo D Radusky ◽  
Natalia K Panis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Buenos Aires ◽  
Treatment Initiation ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Transgender Women ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Testing Strategy ◽  
Treatment Uptake ◽  
Home Based ◽  
Rapid Tests ◽  
Positive Results

Background: Little is known of acceptability and feasibility of dual HIV and syphilis rapid tests in community- and home-based provider-initiated strategies among transgender women (TGW), in Latin America. Objectives were (1) to assess the acceptability of this strategy and, (2) to determine the percentage of positive results of HIV and syphilis, analyze the correlates of HIV or syphilis positive results, and measure the rates of effective referral and treatment completion among TGW. Methods: A multidisciplinary team tested 89 TGW in Buenos Aires. An acceptability survey was administered after the HIV/syphilis Duo test was used. All confirmed cases were referred for treatment initiation. Results: We found high levels of acceptability (98.8%) of this strategy among TGW. However, only 60.7% preferred simultaneous HIV and syphilis diagnosis test. Moreover, we found 9% of positive results of HIV, 51.7% of syphilis, and 3.4% of positive results for both infections. Only not being tested before was associated with an HIV positive result, and only low level of education was associated with a positive syphilis result. Among 8 TGW who tested positive for HIV, 37.5% ( n = 3) started antiretroviral therapy. Of 46 who tested positive for syphilis, only 73.9% ( n = 34) were effectively referred and from 23 who started treatment, only 39.1% completed it. Conclusions: Community- and home-based dual HIV and syphilis rapid test is a feasible and highly acceptable approach for this hard-to-reach population. Implementing similar strategies could improve screening uptake and accessibility. However, these results highlight the need to improve strategies for treatment uptake, in order to reduce morbidity and risk of onward transmission.

Do Villages Promote Aging in Place? Results of a Longitudinal Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 310-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carrie Graham ◽  
Andrew E. Scharlach ◽  
Elaine Kurtovich
Keyword(s):  
Support Services ◽  
Social Engagement ◽  
Social Connectedness ◽  
Perceived Social Support ◽  
Aging In Place ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Social Events ◽  
The Village ◽  
Positive Results

Villages are a new, grassroots, consumer-directed model that aims to promote aging in place and prevent unwanted relocations for older adults. In exchange for a yearly membership fee, Villages provide seniors with opportunities for social engagement (social events and classes), civic engagement (member-to-member volunteer opportunities), and an array of support services. In total, 222 Village members were surveyed at intake and 12-month follow-up to examine changes in their confidence aging in place, social connectedness, and health. The strongest positive results were in the domain of confidence, including significantly greater confidence aging in place, perceived social support, and less intention to relocate after 1 year in the Village. As most seniors were in good health and well connected at the time they joined the Village, there were not improvements in health or social connectedness. Authors discuss the importance of longer term, longitudinal studies to examine the effectiveness of Villages in preventing institutionalization over time.

scholarly journals First report of Sugarcane mosaic virus in achira (Canna edulis Ker.) in Nariño, Colombia

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Betancourt ◽  
Carlos Salomón ◽  
Jhusty Meliza Moreno Henao ◽  
Santiago Montaño ◽  
Claudia Salazar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Sugarcane Mosaic Virus ◽  
Streak Virus ◽  
Specific Primers ◽  
Cytoplasmic Inclusions ◽  
Molecular Tests ◽  
Viral Particles ◽  
Cultivated Species ◽  
The University ◽  
Positive Results

Achira (Canna edulis Ker.) is a cultivated species for handcrafted food products and starch production. In Colombia is estimated an achira cultivated area of 800 ha; in the department of Nariño there has been a disturbance of viral etiology, known by farmers as Streak Virus, due to its symptoms in the leaves, but without previous records in the area. The disease causes losses in performance, although they have not been established precisely. In order to clarify the nature of this pathology and the identity of the pathogen associated with the problem, an investigation was carried out at the University of Nariño, by means of molecular tests of PCR and RT-PCR, sequencing, serology and electron microscopy, of foliar samples collected in the producing areas. The most outstanding symptoms in affected tissues were yellow mosaic, mottled, chlorotic streak and ribs discoloration, among others. There were no cytoplasmic inclusions similar to those produced by Potyvirus, nor viral particles were observed, nor serology positive results, but it was possible to achieve the amplification of a cDNA fragment, with specific primers for Potyvirus and 98% of homology of the sequences with Sugarcane mosaic virus. This is the first SCMV report in achira in Nariño, Colombia.

scholarly journals Can the High Sensitivity of Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra Be Harnessed to Save Cartridge Costs? Results from a Pooled Sputum Evaluation in Cambodia

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monyrath Chry ◽  
Marina Smelyanskaya ◽  
Mom Ky ◽  
Andrew J Codlin ◽  
Danielle Cazabon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Sensitivity ◽  
World Health ◽  
Potential Cost ◽  
Pooled Testing ◽  
Molecular Tests ◽  
Pooling Strategies ◽  
Pooling Strategy ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Results

Despite the World Health Organization recommending the use of rapid molecular tests for diagnosing tuberculosis (TB), uptake has been limited, partially due to high cartridge costs. Other infectious disease programs pool specimens to save on diagnostic test costs. We tested a sputum pooling strategy as part of a TB case finding program using Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra (Ultra). All persons were tested with Ultra individually, and their remaining specimens were also grouped with 3–4 samples for testing in a pooled sample. Individual and pooled testing results were compared to see if people with TB would have been missed when using pooling. We assessed the potential cost and time savings which different pooling strategies could achieve. We tested 584 individual samples and also grouped them in 153 pools for testing separately. Individual testing identified 91 (15.6%) people with positive Ultra results. One hundred percent of individual positive results were also found to be positive by the pooling strategy. Pooling would have saved 27% of cartridge and processing time. Our results are the first to use Ultra in a pooled approach for TB, and demonstrate feasibility in field conditions. Pooling did not miss any TB cases and can save time and money. The impact of pooling is only realized when yield is low.

Controlled double-blind trial with Baryta carbonica 15 CH versus placebo in a group of hypertensive subjects confined to bed in two old people's homes

1987 ◽  
Vol 76 (03) ◽  
pp. 114-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Bignamini ◽  
A. Bertoli ◽  
A.M. Consolandi ◽  
N. Dovera ◽  
M. Saruggia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Active Drug ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Blind Study ◽  
Double Blind Study ◽  
Double Blind Trial ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Blind Trial ◽  
Positive Results ◽  
Old People's Homes

AbstractTaking into account the toxicology of soluble barium salts, the authors treated 32 hypertensive subjects who were confirned to bed in two old people's homes with Baryta carbonica 15 CH versus placebo in a randomized double-blind study. Seventeen patients were given Baryta carbonica and 15 placebo. Taking the groups as a whole, no statistically significant differences were found between the effects of placebo and active drug on the blood pressure. But the four subjects who had been prospectively considered sensitive and were treated with Baryta carbonica gave strongly positive results. Some interesting conclusions were arrived at both from the general medical and the homœopathic point of view.

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