scholarly journals Benthic Habitats Around Iceland Investigated During the IceAGE Expeditions

2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin Meißner ◽  
Nils Brenke ◽  
Jörundur Svavarsson
Keyword(s):  
Surface Sediment ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Sediment Characteristics ◽  
Marine Animals ◽  
Iceland Basin ◽  
Denmark Strait ◽  
Epibenthic Fauna ◽  
Sand And Gravel ◽  
Visual Assessments

Abstract During the IceAGE (Icelandic marine Animals – Genetics and Ecology) expeditions in waters around Iceland and the Faroe Islands in 2011 and 2013, visual assessments of habitats and the study of surface sediment characteristics were undertaken in 119–2750 m water depth. Visual inspection was realized by means of an epibenthic sled equipped with a digital underwater video camcorder and a still camera. For determination of surface sediment characteristics a subsample of sediment from box corer samples or different grabs was collected and analyzed in the lab. Muddy bottoms predominated in the deep basins (Iceland Basin, Irminger Basin, deep Norwegian and Iceland Seas), while sand and gravel dominated on the shelves and the ridges, and in areas with high currents. Organic contents were highest in the deep Norwegian and Iceland Seas and in the Iceland Basin, and at these sites dense aggregations of mobile epibenthic organisms were observed. Large dropstones were abundant in the Iceland Sea near the shelf and in the Denmark Strait. The dropstones carried diverse, sessile epibenthic fauna, which may be underestimated using traditional sampling gear. The paper supplies new background information for studies based on IceAGE material, especially studies related to ecology and taxonomy.

scholarly journals Distribution of haploniscids (Isopoda, Asellota, Haploniscidae) in Icelandic waters, with description of Haploniscus astraphes n. sp. from the Iceland basin and the Southeast Atlantic Ocean

Zootaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4231 (3) ◽  
pp. 301 ◽  
Author(s):  
WIEBKE BRÖKELAND ◽  
JÖRUNDUR SVAVARSSON
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
North Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Strongly Convex ◽  
The North ◽  
Iceland Basin ◽  
Denmark Strait ◽  
Depth Ranges ◽  
North And South ◽  
Icelandic Waters

Ten species of Haploniscidae Hansen, 1916 were sampled in Icelandic waters during expeditions in the framework of the BIOICE project. Nine of these were known from the North Atlantic Ocean, i.e. Haploniscus aduncus Lincoln, 1985, H. ampliatus Lincoln, 1985, Haploniscus angustus Lincoln, 1985, H. bicuspis (Sars, 1877), H. foresti Chardy, 1974, H. hamatus Lincoln, 1985, H. spinifer Hansen, 1916, Antennuloniscus simplex Lincoln, 1985 and Chauliodoniscus armadilloides (Hansen, 1916). All but H. bicuspis and H. angustus were restricted to the Atlantic Ocean south of the Greenland-Iceland-Faeroe Ridge (GIF Ridge), while H. bicuspis occurred at considerable depth ranges both north and south of the GIF Ridge. A new species, Haploniscus astraphes n. sp., is described based on material from the Denmark Strait, North Atlantic and the Guinea Basin, South Atlantic. H. astraphes n. sp. belongs to a group of Haploniscus species closely related to the genus Antennuloniscus and shares several characters with species from that genus, especially the spine row on pleopod 1, the stout sensory seta on the carpus of pereopod 7 and characters of the antennae. H. astraphes n. sp. is characterized by a rectangular body shape, the straight frontal margin of the head and the strongly convex posterior margin of the pleotelson. 

scholarly journals Evaluation of Belgian clays for manufacturing compressed earth blocks

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 139-148
Author(s):  
Lavie A. MANGO-ITULAMYA ◽  
Frédéric COLLIN ◽  
Pascal PILATE ◽  
Fabienne COURTEJOIE ◽  
Nathalie FAGEL
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Abrasion Resistance ◽  
Clay Deposits ◽  
Compressed Earth Blocks ◽  
Earth Blocks ◽  
Sand And Gravel

This study aims to characterize Belgian clays in order to evaluate their use for manufacture of compressed earth blocks (CEB). Nineteen Belgian clay deposits were sampled in 56 sites and 135 samples were collected and analyzed. The analyses focus on the determination of particle size, plasticity, nature and mineralogy as the main characteristics for assessing the suitability of the raw clays to make CEB. These analyses allow for classifying the sampled clay deposits in three categories: clays that can be used unchanged to make CEB (2 clay deposits), clays that are suitable for the manufacture of CEB but require addition of sand and gravel particles (13 clay deposits) and clays that are suitable for the manufacture of CEB if they are mixed with other raw clays (4 clay deposits). In order to verify the use of these clays, five of them served as a model for making CEB. The strength of these bricks was evaluated by testing for compressive strength and abrasion resistance. The results of these tests confirm the suitability or not of the sampled clays for the manufacture of CEB.

scholarly journals Methodology for Carrying out Measurements of the Tombolo Geomorphic Landform Using Unmanned Aerial and Surface Vehicles near Sopot Pier, Poland

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cezary Specht ◽  
Oktawia Lewicka ◽  
Mariusz Specht ◽  
Paweł Dąbrowski ◽  
Paweł Burdziakowski
Keyword(s):  
Littoral Zone ◽  
Summer Period ◽  
Reliable Determination ◽  
Debris Accumulation ◽  
Measuring Devices ◽  
Sea Currents ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Narrow Belt ◽  
Sand And Gravel

The human impact on the ecosystem has been particularly evident in the last century; it transforms the Earth’s surface on an unprecedented scale and brings about irreversible changes. One example is an oceanographic phenomenon known as a tombolo, i.e., a narrow belt connecting the mainland with an island lying near the shore formed as a result of sand and gravel being deposited by sea currents. The phenomenon contributes to an increase in the biogenic substance content in the littoral zone, which leads to increased cyanobacteria blooming in the summer period. Moreover, the debris accumulation in the littoral zone results in the mud formation, which makes the beach landscape less attractive. One of the main features of the tombolo phenomenon is its variability of shape, which includes the form of both the shore and the seabed adjacent to it. Therefore, to describe its size and spatio-temporal variability, it is necessary to apply methods for geodetic (the land) and hydrographic (the sea) measurements that can be carried out in different ways. The aim of the paper is to present the methodology for carrying out measurements of the tombolo oceanographic phenomenon using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) and Unmanned Surface Vehicles (USV) on the example of a waterbody adjacent to the Sopot pier. It also presents the results of surveys carried out in November 2019 within this area. The study demonstrated that the integration of two measuring devices whose development began in the second decade of the 20th century, i.e., UAVs and USVs, enables accurate (even up to several centimeters) and reliable determination of the scale and variability of the phenomena occurring in the littoral zone.

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