Age-related changes in substance P-immunoreactive nerve structures of the rat recto-anal region

Open Medicine ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 358-364
Author(s):  
Nikolai Lazarov ◽  
Dimitar Itzev ◽  
Kamen Usunoff ◽  
Negrin Negrev ◽  
Radomir Radomirov
Keyword(s):  
Substance P ◽  
Anal Sphincter ◽  
Internal Anal Sphincter ◽  
Circular Muscle ◽  
Muscle Layer ◽  
Nerve Fibres ◽  
Anal Region ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Old Rats ◽  
Age Related Changes

AbstractThe recto-anal region is innervated by extrinsic and intrinsic nerves and a number of neuropeptides including substance P (SP) have been suggested to participate in the regulation of intestinal movements. We examined the age-related changes in the distribution of SP-immunoreactive nerve structures in the distal part of the rat large intestine. Using immunohistochemistry, the presence of SP was studied in fresh tissues from Wistar rats at different ages taken at three sampling sites, the distal rectum, anal canal and internal anal sphincter. In the 15-day old rats the myenteric plexus of the distal rectum and anal canal was well outlined by numerous SP-immunoreactive varicose nerve fibres encircling immunonegative perikarya. In the circular muscle layer, nerve fibres and small nerve bundles ran parallel to the muscle cells, while in the longitudinal muscle layer, only occasional nerve fibres were seen. At the level of the internal anal sphincter, no myenteric ganglia were present. Here, thin varicose fibers ran parallel to the smooth muscle cells. In the 3-month old rats, a larger number of intensely staining SP-immunoreactive nerve fibres were found and in the circular muscle layer, thicker nerve strands were observed. In the 26-month old rats, the density and staining intensity of SP-immunopositive nerve fibres in the myenteric plexus was lower than in the 3-month-old rats. Similar changes in the SP-immunostained fibres in the internal anal sphincter were observed. Degenerative alterations in SP-containing fibres during aging appear to play a role in ano-rectal motility and sphincter control.

Age-related changes in the neuromuscular development of the internal anal sphincter

2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 1106-1110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reiji Nakano ◽  
Thambipillai Sri Paran ◽  
Udo Rolle ◽  
Prem Puri
Keyword(s):  
Anal Sphincter ◽  
Internal Anal Sphincter ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Neuromuscular Development ◽  
Age Related Changes

Distribution of interstitial cells of Cajal in tunica muscularis of the canine rectoanal region

2003 ◽  
Vol 284 (5) ◽  
pp. G756-G767 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuhide Horiguchi ◽  
Kathleen D. Keef ◽  
Sean M. Ward
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Anal Sphincter ◽  
Internal Anal Sphincter ◽  
Structural Organization ◽  
Interstitial Cells Of Cajal ◽  
Circular Muscle ◽  
Muscle Layer ◽  
Circular Muscle Layer ◽  
Circular Layer ◽  
Cells Of Cajal

Electrical and mechanical activity of the circular muscle layer in the rectoanal region of the gastrointestinal tract undergoes considerable changes in the site of dominant pacemaking activity, frequency, and waveform shape. The present study was performed to determine whether changes in the structural organization of the circular layer or in the density, distribution, and ultrastructure of interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) could account for this heterogeneity in electrical and mechanical activities. Light microscopy revealed that the structural organization of the circular muscle layer underwent dramatic morphological changes, from a tightly packed layer with poorly defined septa in the proximal rectum to one of discrete muscle bundles separated by large septae in the internal anal sphincter. Kit immunohistochemistry revealed a dense network of ICC along the submucosal and myenteric borders in the rectum, whereas in the internal anal sphincter, ICC were located along the periphery of muscle bundles within the circular layer. Changes in electrical activity within the circular muscle layer can be partially explained by changes in the structure of the muscle layer and changes in the distribution of ICC in the rectoanal region of the gastrointestinal tract.

Age-related changes in endothelial permeability and distribution volume of albumin in rat aorta

1993 ◽  
Vol 264 (3) ◽  
pp. H679-H685 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Belmin ◽  
B. Corman ◽  
R. Merval ◽  
A. Tedgui
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Wall ◽  
Relative Concentration ◽  
Endothelial Permeability ◽  
Distribution Volume ◽  
Albumin Concentration ◽  
Macromolecular Transport ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Media ◽  
Old Rats ◽  
Age Related Changes

Age-related changes in macromolecular transport across the arterial wall were investigated in 10-, 20-, and 30-mo-old WAG/Rij rats. Animals were injected with 125I- and 131I-labeled albumin, 90 and 5 min before they were killed, respectively. The transmural distribution of relative concentration of tracers in the aortic wall was obtained using en face serial sectioning technique. The apparent endothelial permeability to albumin calculated from the distribution of 5-min 131I-labeled albumin concentrations was significantly enhanced in 20- and 30-mo-old rats compared with 10-mo-old rats. The apparent distribution volume of albumin within the media, estimated as the mean medial 125I-labeled albumin concentration, was not significantly changed in 20-mo-old rats but was significantly decreased in the 30-mo-old animals. These age-related changes in the macromolecular transport suggest that the entry of plasma macromolecules in the aged arterial wall might be enhanced, whereas the efflux through the media may be impeded, possibly contributing to their trapping in the subendothelium.

Circulating hyaluronan levels in the rodent: effects of age and diet

1995 ◽  
Vol 268 (4) ◽  
pp. C952-C957 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Yannariello-Brown ◽  
S. H. Chapman ◽  
W. F. Ward ◽  
T. C. Pappas ◽  
P. H. Weigel
Keyword(s):  
Fish Meal ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Protein Source ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Semisynthetic Diet ◽  
Fischer 344 ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Old Rats ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Age Related Changes

Circulating hyaluronan (HA) levels were investigated as a function of age and diet in Fischer 344 male rats. A biphasic pattern of age-related changes was observed in rats fed ad libitum a diet in which the protein source was soya/fish meal. HA levels in 3- to 6- and 22- to 29-mo-old rats were not statistically different. However, HA levels in 12- to 20-mo-old rats were 10-29% of the levels in younger or aged adults. HA levels were also measured in rats fed ad libitum a semisynthetic diet in which the protein source was hydrolyzed casein. Whereas the two colonies exhibited similar biphasic age-related changes, HA levels differed 4- to 20-fold at every age examined. Caloric restriction affected HA levels in 19-mo-old casein-fed rats; HA levels were 2.3 times higher than age-matched controls and were not statistically different from young or aged animals. Serum and plasma HA levels were identical in the same individuals at all ages tested. These data suggest that HA turnover and metabolism in the rat are affected by age, dietary composition, and caloric intake.

Ultrastructural localization of nitric oxide synthase in canine small intestine and colon

1994 ◽  
Vol 266 (4) ◽  
pp. C981-C989 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Berezin ◽  
S. H. Snyder ◽  
D. S. Bredt ◽  
E. E. Daniel
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽  
Substance P ◽  
Circular Muscle ◽  
Ultrastructural Localization ◽  
Muscle Layer ◽  
Immunogold Staining ◽  
Nitric Oxide Release ◽  
Granular Vesicles ◽  
Oxide Synthase

The ultrastructural distribution and subcellular localization of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) immunoreactivity and its possible colocalization with vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and substance P in the muscularis externa in canine ileum and colon were studied by using polyclonal antisera raised against VIP, substance P, and cerebellar NOS. Immunogold staining, with or without silver enhancement, was carried out directly on ultrathin sections using single and two-faced double immunogold methods. NOS immunoreactivity was observed in nerve profiles in myenteric plexus and circular muscle layer. Immunoreactivity was occasionally detected in smooth muscle cells and interstitial cells of Cajal. The double immunostaining revealed NOS and VIP in the same nerve varicosities but never in the same organelles. NOS was localized in electron-dense material of undetermined nature, whereas VIP was associated with large granular vesicles. Substance P and NOS were never found in the same nerves. These results indicate that NOS is present in the enteric nerves containing VIP but in different organelles and that nitric oxide release probably does not occur by an exocytotic mechanism.

scholarly journals A Qualitative and Quantitative Study on the Enkephalinergic Innervation of the Pig Gastrointestinal Tract

2000 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christophe Porcher ◽  
Yvon Julé ◽  
Monique Henry
Keyword(s):  
Anal Sphincter ◽  
Neural Control ◽  
Circular Muscle ◽  
Distal Colon ◽  
Muscle Layer ◽  
Intestinal Wall ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Longitudinal Muscle Layer ◽  
Submucous Plexus ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative

Enkephalins are involved in neural control of digestive functions such as motility, secretion, and absorption. To better understand their role in pigs, we analyzed the qualitative and quantitative distribution of enkephalin immunoreactivity (ENK-IR) in components of the intestinal wall from the esophagus to the anal sphincter. Immunohistochemical labelings were analyzed using conventional fluorescence and confocal microscopy. ENK-IR was compared with the synaptophysin immunoreactivity (SYN-IR). The results show that maximal ENK-IR levels in the entire digestive tract are reached in the myenteric plexuses and, to a lesser extent, in the external submucous plexus and the circular muscle layer. In the longitudinal muscle layer, ENK-IR was present in the esophagus, stomach, rectum, and anal sphincter, whereas it was absent from the duodenum to the distal colon. In the ENK-IR plexuses and muscle layers, more than 60% of the nerve fibers identified by SYN-IR expressed ENK-IR. No ENK-IR was observed in the internal submucous plexus and the mucosa; the latter was found to contain ENK-IR endocrine cells. These results strongly suggest that, in pigs, enkephalins play a major role in the regulatory mechanisms that underlie the neural control of digestive motility.

scholarly journals Neonatal administration of tamoxifen causes disruption of myometrial development but not adenomyosis in the C57/BL6J mouse

Reproduction ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 139 (6) ◽  
pp. 1067-1075 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed K Mehasseb ◽  
S C Bell ◽  
M A Habiba
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle Actin ◽  
Circular Muscle ◽  
Muscle Layer ◽  
Abnormal Development ◽  
Circular Muscle Layer ◽  
Receptor Modulation ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Uterine Adenomyosis ◽  
Development And Differentiation ◽  
Neonatal Administration

We previously demonstrated that in the CD-1 mouse, which exhibits a high incidence of age-related adenomyosis, neonatal exposure to tamoxifen induced premature uterine adenomyosis and was associated with abnormal development particularly of the inner myometrium. In the present study, we examined the effect of neonatal tamoxifen administration upon uterine development in the C57/BL6J mouse strain that is not known to develop uterine adenomyosis. Female C57/BL6J pups (n=20) were treated with oral tamoxifen (1 mg/kg) from age 1 to 5 days. Uteri from control and treated mice were obtained on days 5, 10, 15 and 42 of age. We examined sections histologically using image analysis and immunohistochemistry for α-smooth muscle actin (ACTA2, α-SMA), desmin, vimentin, laminin, fibronectin and oestrogen receptor-α (ESR1). Following tamoxifen exposure, all uteri showed inner myometrium thinning, lack of continuity, disorganisation and bundling. However, adenomyosis was not seen in any uterus. ACTA2 immunostaining was less in the circular muscle layer of treated mice. The temporal pattern of desmin immunostaining found in control mice was absent in tamoxifen-treated mice. There was no difference in the localisation of laminin or fibronectin between control and tamoxifen-treated groups. However, laminin immunostaining was reduced in the circular muscle layer of treated mice. Vimentin could not be detected in either group. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that the development of the inner myometrium is particularly sensitive to oestrogen antagonism, and is affected by steroid receptor modulation. Although tamoxifen induces inner myometrial changes including that of ACTA2, desmin, ESR1 and laminin expression in C57/BL6J neonatal mice similar to those induced in CD-1 mice, C57/BL6J mice did not develop premature adenomyosis. Thus, disruption of the development and differentiation of the inner myometrium cannot alone explain the development of tamoxifen-associated adenomyosis, and this must be dependent upon its interaction with strain-dependent factors.

Age-related changes in the oestrous cycle and reproductive hormones in senescence-accelerated mouse

2005 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ma Yuan ◽  
Zhou Wen-Xia ◽  
Cheng Jun-Ping ◽  
Zhang Yong-Xiang
Keyword(s):  
Substance P ◽  
Luteinising Hormone ◽  
Reproductive Hormones ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Reproductive Hormone ◽  
Hormone Levels ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Samp8 Mice ◽  
Senescence Accelerated Mouse ◽  
Age Related Changes

To investigate age-related changes in the oestrous cycle and reproductive hormone levels in senescence-accelerated mouse (SAM), we examined these parameters in 3-, 5-, 7-, 9- and 11-month-old female SAM-prone/8 (SAMP8) and SAM-resistant/1 (SAMR1) strains. Levels of β-endorphin (β-EP) and substance P (SP) in the hypothalamus were also measured. The oestrous cycle and dioestrus of 9-month-old SAMP8 mice were significantly prolonged compared with age-matched SAMR1 mice. Furthermore, the concentration of serum oestradiol was lower and the level of pituitary luteinising hormone was higher in SAMP8 mice compared with SAMR1 mice. This characterises the hypothalamus–pituitary–ovary (HPO) axis of the SAMP8 strain as hypergonadotropic–hypogonad. The levels of β-EP and SP in the SAMP8 hypothalamus were lower than in the SAMR1 hypothalamus. These results indicate that the function of the HPO axis in SAMP8 mice declines early and this may be attributed, in part, to the decline in β-EP and SP concentrations in the hypothalamus.

scholarly journals Age-related changes of the noradrenergic and acetylcholinesterase reactive nerve fibres innervating the Pigeon Bursa of Fabricius

1995 ◽  
Vol 177 (3) ◽  
pp. 237-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Ciriaco ◽  
A. Ricci ◽  
E. Bronzetti ◽  
C.L. Mammola ◽  
G. Germanà ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bursa Of Fabricius ◽  
Nerve Fibres ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Age Related Changes
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