Occurrence of blood parasites and intensity of infection in Prunella modularis in the montane and subalpine zone in the Slovak Carpathians

2012 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Haas ◽  
Martin Lukáň ◽  
Jana Kisková ◽  
Zuzana Hrehová
Keyword(s):  
Microscopic Examination ◽  
Blood Parasite ◽  
Blood Parasites ◽  
Infection Prevalence ◽  
Intensity Of Infection ◽  
Subalpine Zone ◽  
Host Sex ◽  
Montane Zone ◽  
Pcr Diagnostics

AbstractThe objective of this study was to obtain primary information on the occurrence of blood parasites and intensity of infection in the Dunnock Prunella modularis in the montane region of Slovakia. Altogether 109 birds were examined during the years 2006–2010. The occurrence of Haemoproteus sp., Leucocytozoon fringillinarum and Trypanosoma sp. was documented. Blood parasite prevalences of 45% by microscopic examination and 55% by PCR diagnostics were found. The prevalence of Leucocytozoon sp. was found to be dependent on host sex with males showing a significantly higher intensity of infection with Leucocytozoon. Adult birds showed significantly higher infection prevalence than subadults. The prevalences of both Leucocytozoon sp. and Haemoproteus sp. were significantly dependent on bird age. The intensity of infection with Haemoproteus and Leucocytozoon was positively correlated and higher intensity of infection was confirmed in adult birds then in subadults birds. The prevalence of blood parasites in our samples was significantly higher in comparison to most other studies from different countries of Europe conducted at lower altitudes, indicating that the montane zone is especially favourable for the transmission of Leucocytozoon and Haemoproteus species.

Blood parasites of the striped field mouse Apodemus agrarius and their morphological characteristics

Biologia ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 64 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Karbowiak ◽  
Michal Stanko ◽  
Jana Fričová ◽  
Irena Wita ◽  
Joanna Hapunik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Blood Parasites ◽  
Babesia Microti ◽  
Infection Prevalence ◽  
Field Mouse ◽  
Intensity Of Infection ◽  
Apodemus Agrarius ◽  
Nested Analysis

AbstractBlood parasites of Apodemus agrarius were investigated in Eastern Slovakia during 1998–2005. The following parasitic species were detected: Trypanosoma grosi, Babesia microti-like piroplasms and Bartonella sp. Trypanosoma grosi was the most common species, with an infection prevalence of 12.7%. Trypanosomes were morphologically typical of the lewisi group, however, they were bigger than T. grosi described in A. flavicollis and A. sylvaticus. The differences analysed by nested analysis of variance were statistically significant. Pleomorphism was not observed. Infections with piroplasms were detected only at two sites, with an intensity of infection not exceeding 0.1%. The morphology of the piroplasms was different from those typical of B. microti. Bartonella occurred at two sites in 0.81% of the animals sampled. The prevalence of infection had a seasonal pattern throughout the study years. Trypanosomes occurred from July to November, with a peak in September, piroplasms occurred in May and June, and Bartonella sp. from May to July.

scholarly journals Blood Parasite Infection Prevalence in Kampong Chicken Breeder’s Group in Garut

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 308
Author(s):  
Djoko Legowo ◽  
Syifa Husnul Khotimah ◽  
Lucia Tri Suwanti
Keyword(s):  
Parasite Infection ◽  
Blood Parasite ◽  
Blood Parasites ◽  
Infection Prevalence ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Negative Results

The Aim of this research was to determine the blood parasite infection prevalence in Garut District. The research was conducted in November-December 2016. 160 samples of blood were obtained from eight subdistrict at Kampong Chicken Breeder’s Group (KEPAK) in Garut District smeared with 3% Giemsa solution and examined under a microscope with 1000x magnification. The merozoite and gametocyte that was discovered recorded. The data that obtained was analyzed descriptively. A parasites were found in 11 blood samples (6.88%). The genus of blood parasites is Leucocytozoon sp., while Plasmodium sp., Haemoproteus sp., and Trypanosoma avium sp. are not found in this research (0%). All of blood infected parasite only found at Tarogong Kidul subdistrict and seven other subdistricts showed negative results.  Keyword: Blood parasite, Leucocytozoon, KEPAK, Kampong Chicken

Interactions between the intestinal flagellates Giardia muris and Spironucleus muris and the blood parasites Babesia microti, Plasmodium yoelii and Plasmodium berghei in mice

Parasitology ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara J. Brett ◽  
F. E. G. Cox
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Plasmodium Yoelii ◽  
Blood Parasite ◽  
Blood Parasites ◽  
Babesia Microti ◽  
Parasite Infections ◽  
Immunological Factors ◽  
Temporary Decrease ◽  
Giardia Muris

SUMMARYIn mice infected with the intestinal flagellates Giardia muris or Spironucleus muris, together with the blood parasites Babesia microti or Plasmodium yoelii, there is a temporary decrease of flagellate cyst output coincident with the peak of the blood parasite infections, followed by a rapid return to normal levels. This decrease in cyst output is correlated with decreased numbers of trophozoites in the small intestine. The effect on S. muris is more marked than that on G. muris. Neither blood parasites has any effect on the total duration of the flagellate infection and the flagellates do not affect the blood parasites. In mice infected with G. muris or S. muris and P. berghei there is also a decrease in cyst output but this is less apparent than in infections with B. microti or P. yoelii because of the fatal nature of the P. berghei infection. It is suggested that the decrease in cyst output is probably due to changes in the contents of the small intestine or to non-specific immunological factors rather than to specific immunological changes.

Pomphorhynchus laevisin its intermediate hostEchinogammarus stammeriin the River Brenta, Italy

1999 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.S. Dezfuli ◽  
E. Rossetti ◽  
C.M. Bellettato ◽  
B.J. Maynard
Keyword(s):  
Intermediate Host ◽  
Northern Italy ◽  
Multiple Infections ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Intensity Of Infection ◽  
Pomphorhynchus Laevis ◽  
Host Sex ◽  
Monthly Sample

Infection rates of larvalPomphorhynchus laevisMu¨ller, 1776 (Acanthocephala) were studied in its intermediate hostEchinogammarus stammeriS. Karaman, 1931 (Amphipoda). Crustaceans were collected monthly, from July 1990 to July 1997, at two sites on the River Brenta (northern Italy). Of over 50,000E. stammeriexamined, more than 24% were parasitized withP. laevislarvae. The differences in the prevalence of infection between the two stations were significant. The intensity of infection varied from one to 15 acanthocephalans per host. Amphipods with multiple infections constituted 28–32% of each monthly sample. During the 7 years of investigation, the prevalence of infection typically reached its highest and lowest levels in the summer and spring months, respectively. Acanthocephalan larvae showed no preference for host sex. Infected ovigerous females ofE. stammeriwere found carrying eggs or juveniles in their brood pouches, but had fewer and smaller eggs.Pomphorhynchus laevislarvae co-occurred withAcanthocephalus clavula(Dujardin, 1845) and also with the tapewormCyathocephalus truncatus(Pallas, 1781) in the same host.

scholarly journals Blood parasites in passerine birds from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabiane Sebaio ◽  
Érika Martins Braga ◽  
Felipe Branquinho ◽  
Alan Fecchio ◽  
Miguel Ângelo Marini
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Parasite Prevalence ◽  
Neotropical Region ◽  
Blood Parasite ◽  
Blood Parasites ◽  
Passerine Birds ◽  
Blood Smears ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Low Prevalence

Parasites may lead bird species to extinction, affect host temporal and spatial population dynamics, alter community structure and alter individuals’ social status. We evaluated blood parasite prevalence and intensity according to bird families and species, among 925 birds that were caught in 2000 and 2001, in the Atlantic Forest in the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. We applied Giemsa staining to thin blood smears, to detect blood parasites. The birds (n = 15.8%) in 11 families, were infected by at least one parasite genus, especially Muscicapidae (28.3%) and Conopophagidae (25%). Among the 146 infected birds, Plasmodium was detected in all bird families and had the highest prevalence (54.8%). Trypanosoma, Haemoproteus and microfilaria had lower prevalence rates (23.3, 23.3 and 2.1%, respectively). Birds caught during the rainy season were more infected than birds caught during the dry season. The overall low prevalence of blood parasites in birds is similar to the patterns found elsewhere in the Neotropical region.

Epidemiology of acanthocephalan infections in crabs from the Bahía Blanca Estuary, Argentina

2011 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 446-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.F. La Sala ◽  
A.M. Perez ◽  
S.R. Martorelli
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Carapace Length ◽  
Carapace Width ◽  
Infection Prevalence ◽  
Intensity Of Infection ◽  
Breeding Colony ◽  
Bahía Blanca Estuary ◽  
Feeding Area ◽  
Olrog’S Gull ◽  
Blanca Estuary

AbstractThis study was conducted in two populations of crabs, Cyrtograpsus angulatus and Neohelice granulata from the Bahía Blanca Estuary, in Argentina, to identify risk factors for infection by the acanthocephalan Profilicollis chasmagnathi and to assess the association between infection and mortality of these hosts. Cyrtograpsus angulatus and N. granulata crabs were sampled seasonally over the course of a year, and spring sampling included collection of dead crabs predated by Olrog's gulls in a nearby breeding colony. Potential risk factors for infection were assessed and the number of cystacanth larvae per crab was counted. In C. angulatus, the odds of infection increased by 7% for each millimetre increase in carapace length, and were nearly 17 times greater in crabs sampled from the Olrog's gull feeding area compared with those sampled from nests in the breeding colony. For every millimetre increase in carapace length in N. granulata, the odds of infection increased by 13% in crabs from the breeding colony, and by 32% in crabs from the feeding area. Mean intensity of infection in N. granulata increased by 16.5% for each additional millimetre of carapace width. The level of parasite aggregation was lowest in the largest C. angulatus and highest in N. granulata predated by Olrog's gull. The results show that host size is the most important factor influencing infection prevalence in both crab species and intensity of infection in N. granulata, and suggest the presence of parasite-induced mortality in the populations studied.

scholarly journals Prevalence and intensity of Sarcocystis spp. infection in animals slaughtered for food in Lithuania

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 149-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
V Januskevicius ◽  
G Januskeviciene ◽  
P Prakas ◽  
D Butkauskas ◽  
S Petkevicius
Keyword(s):  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Infection Prevalence ◽  
Intensity Of Infection ◽  
Sarcocystis Spp ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Muscle Types ◽  
Muscle Groups

The exact prevalence of Sarcocystis spp. infection in animals slaughtered for food is unknown in Lithuania. Therefore, the present study was initiated to evaluate Sarcocystis spp. infection in the carcasses of cattle (n = 206), sheep (n = 61), pigs (n = 73) and horses (n = 72) raised in Lithuania for food. The prevalence and intensity of Sarcocystis spp. infection were assessed under light microscopy by analysing 1 g of stained and squashed muscle samples. All the investigated muscle types (oesophagus, diaphragm, heart, neck, jaw, back, leg and tongue) were found to have been infected with microcysts rather than with macrocysts. A high prevalence of infection was established in cattle (44.9–98.1%) and sheep (100%), whereas the prevalence of this infection in pigs (30.1–50.0%) and horses (34.7–63.9%) was considered to be moderate. Significant differences in the infection prevalence were detected in the majority of muscle groups of cattle and in some muscle groups of pigs and horses. Similarly, significant differences in the median (Md) intensity of infection were observed in the majority of the muscle groups of cattle (Md = 4–29) and sheep (Md = 21–73) and only in some muscle groups of pigs (Md = 4.5–16) and horses (Md = 1–3). Cases of intense infection (> 40 cysts in a sample) were relatively often detected in sheep (44.9%) and cattle (19.1%), and rarely in pigs (3.7%). Hence, based on the varying rates of infection in the examined samples, the infection was identified as being intense in sheep and cattle, moderate in pigs and low in horses.

scholarly journals Avian blood parasites in an endangered columbid: Leucocytozoon marchouxi in the Mauritian Pink Pigeon Columba mayeri

Parasitology ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 134 (6) ◽  
pp. 797-804 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. BUNBURY ◽  
E. BARTON ◽  
C. G. JONES ◽  
A. G. GREENWOOD ◽  
K. M. TYLER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bird Species ◽  
Blood Parasites ◽  
Infection Prevalence ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Pathogenic Potential ◽  
Species Decline ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Avian Blood Parasites ◽  
Living Species ◽  
Short Time

SUMMARYThere is increasing evidence that pathogens can play a significant role in species decline. This study of a complete free-living species reveals a cost of blood parasitism to an endangered host, the Pink Pigeon Columba mayeri, endemic to Mauritius. We investigated the prevalence and effect of infection of the blood parasite, Leucocytozoon marchouxi, in the free-living Pink Pigeon population. Overall, L. marchouxi infection prevalence detected was 18·3%. Juveniles were more likely to be infected than older birds and there was geographical variation in infection prevalence. Survival of birds infected with L. marchouxi was lower than that of uninfected birds to 90 days post-sampling. This study suggests that while common haematozoa are well tolerated in healthy adults, these parasites may have greater pathogenic potential in susceptible juveniles. The study is unusual given its completeness of species sampling (96%) within a short time-period, the accurate host age data, and its focus on blood parasites in a threatened bird species. Species for which long-term life-history data are available for every individual serve as valuable models for dissecting the contribution of particular pathogens to species decline.

Haemoparasites of the pied flycatcher: inter-population variation in the prevalence and community composition

Parasitology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 145 (7) ◽  
pp. 912-919 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Dubiec ◽  
Edyta Podmokła ◽  
Iga Harnist ◽  
Tomasz D. Mazgajski
Keyword(s):  
Community Composition ◽  
Population Variation ◽  
Pied Flycatcher ◽  
Blood Parasites ◽  
Avian Host ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Breeding Populations ◽  
Host Sex ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Host Life

AbstractThe prevalence and community composition of haemoparasites can substantially differ among avian host populations, which may lead to different selection pressures. Therefore, information about these parameters is crucial for understanding, e.g. the inter-population variation in host life history traits. Here, we molecularly screened a population of a long-distance migrant, the pied flycatcher Ficedula hypoleuca, from central Poland for the presence of three genera of blood parasites: Haemoproteus, Plasmodium and Trypanosoma. The infection rate in this population was the highest for haemosporidians (86·8%) and one of the highest for trypanosomes (39·7%) among the thus far screened breeding populations of this species. The haemosporidian community was composed of six Haemoproteus/Plasmodium lineages, and the trypanosome community – 4 species and a parasite assigned to genus level. Trypanosomes were dominated by T. culicavium, a recently described species, corroborating the prediction that insectivorous songbirds are vertebrate hosts of this parasite. Host sex and age did not explain variation in infection incidence except for the higher trypanosome infection rates in males. A comparison of the study population with three other breeding populations previously screened molecularly for haemosporidians showed some geographic differences. This study confirms the importance of examining local parasite communities across a host distribution range.

scholarly journals The blood parasite Haemoproteus reduces survival in a wild bird: a medication experiment

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 663-665 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josué Martínez-de la Puente ◽  
Santiago Merino ◽  
Gustavo Tomás ◽  
Juan Moreno ◽  
Judith Morales ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Wild Bird ◽  
Blood Parasite ◽  
Reproductive Costs ◽  
Intensity Of Infection ◽  
Cyanistes Caeruleus ◽  
Local Survival ◽  
Blue Tits

While avian chronic haemoparasite infections induce reproductive costs, infection has not previously been shown to affect survival. Here, we experimentally reduced, through medication, the intensity of infection by Haemoproteus parasites in wild-breeding female blue tits Cyanistes caeruleus . However, this treatment did not reduce the intensity of infection in males or the intensity of infection by Leucocytozoon . Medicated females, but not males, showed increased local survival until the next breeding season compared with control birds. To our knowledge, this is the first empirical evidence showing long-term direct survival costs of chronic Haemoproteus infections in wild birds.

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