scholarly journals Vertisols properties and classification in relation to parent material differentiation near Strzelin (SW Poland)

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michał Dudek ◽  
Jarosław Waroszewski ◽  
Cezary Kabała ◽  
Beata Łabaz
Keyword(s):  
Clay Fraction ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Moisture Regime ◽  
Soil Maps ◽  
Sw Poland ◽  
Formation Of Cracks ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Physical Features ◽  
Lower Silesia

Abstract Vertisols are characterized by high content of clay fraction that affects their specific morphological and physical features. The shrink-swell phenomena of clayey materials under specific moisture regime cause formation of cracks, wedge-shaped structural aggregates and slickensides on aggregate surfaces. It was formerly believed that these soils can be found only in tropical/subtropical zones, thus Vertisols have not been expected to form under temperate climate of Central Europe. As a result, Vertisols are insufficiently recognized and documented on soil maps in Poland, including the Lower Silesia region. The aim of this study was to examine soils developed on clayey parent materials near Strzelin, focusing on their morphology, properties and classification issues. There was confirmed that soils developed from Neogene clays have vertic and mollic horizon, accompanied by stagnic or gleyic properties. However, not all soils fulfil the criteria for Vertisols due to the presence of surface or subsurface coarser-textured (sandyor silty-textured) layers. Native differentiation of parent material and geomorphological processes were found the main factors, which control the spatial mosaic of Vertisols and black earths (Chernozems or Phaeozems).

INFLUENCE OF PARENT MATERIAL AND MOISTURE REGIME ON SOIL GENESIS IN THE APPALACHIAN HIGHLANDS, QUEBEC

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. DE KIMPE
Keyword(s):  
Clay Fraction ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Glacial Till ◽  
Soil Reaction ◽  
Moisture Regime ◽  
Material Base ◽  
Soil Series ◽  
Mineralogical Analysis ◽  
The North ◽  
Aluminous Cement

Ten pedons representing the Saint Onésime, Manie, Mont Carmel and Ixworth soil series were studied to respectively characterize the well to very poorly drained members of a toposequence formed on glacial till deposits along the north flank of the Appalachian Highlands. The parent material was generally homogeneous in the occurrence area except in the western part where glacial lakes along the Chaudière Valley controlled the deposition of a coarser till material. Soil reaction was extremely acid in the solum and pH reached approximately 6.0 in the parent material. Base saturation was low, which was related to the large amounts of aluminum hydroxypolymers present in the clay fraction. Mineralogical analysis of the clay fraction indicated an extensive transformation of illite not only to the swelling minerals, vermiculite and montmorillonite, but also to kaolinite. Chlorite was absent in the A horizons of the well drained profiles. The soils were underlain by fragic horizons. This fragipan had a moderately developed gray streak network, as these soils are not very prone to alternate humidification and desiccation cycles. Cohesion and brittleness were related to the illitic clay bridges and to an amorphous aluminous cement. The content of kaolinite in the Ae horizon of the well drained profiles and the presence of large amounts of Al hydroxypolymers in the clay fraction corresponded to more intense weathering conditions than those existing in the soils of the south flank of the Appalachian Mountains.

scholarly journals Proposal of the correlation between cartographic units on the agricultural soil map and types and subtypes of Polish Soil Classification (6th edition, 2019)

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-114
Author(s):  
Marcin Świtoniak ◽  
Cezary Kabała ◽  
Marek Podlasiński ◽  
Bożena Smreczak
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Soil ◽  
Soil Classification ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Moisture Regime ◽  
Soil Maps ◽  
Arable Soils ◽  
Genetic Classification ◽  
Soil Map

Abstract Agricultural soil maps (ASM), prepared since mid-1960s until 1980s and digitalised recently, are important source of information on the quality and spatial variability of arable soils in Poland. Basic standard information in each map contour includes the indication of a (genetic) soil type (often also the subtype or variety related to parent material or other specific properties), soil texture classes throughout the profile, and the category of soil agricultural suitability, which covers the complex information about the soil conditions, land morphology, climate and moisture regime. Unfortunately, the genetic classification on ASM is simplified compared to soil classifications in Poland and does not reflect numerous modernisations of the classification systems, including the modifications of existing units and newly introduced soil types and subtypes. Thus, the reinterpretation of ASM is necessary to simplify the further use of ASM by various users, to allow the creation of modern soil maps based on archival databases, and to correlate the soil data with other modern national and international classifications. This paper includes a proposal of equivalents for the soil units indicated in agricultural soil map (using all soil data available in a map contour), correlated with a recent, the 6th edition of Polish Soil Classification.

scholarly journals Quantitative and Qualitative Research on the Waste from the Mining of Rock Raw Materials in Lower Silesia

Minerals ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Urszula Kaźmierczak ◽  
Jan Blachowski ◽  
Justyna Górniak-Zimroz ◽  
Herbert Wirth
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Geological Structure ◽  
Mining Activity ◽  
Road Engineering ◽  
Quantitative And Qualitative Research ◽  
Sw Poland ◽  
Natural Aggregates ◽  
Graphical Presentation ◽  
Lower Silesia

The Lower Silesia area in SW Poland is characterized by a geological structure that is conducive to mining activity. The exploitation of rock raw materials plays an important role in this sector of the economy. By the end of 2017, there were in total approximately 400 current concessions for the exploitation of rock raw materials in the analysed area (Polish Geological Institute, MIDAS database—Management and Protection System of Polish Mineral Resources). The conducted mining activity results in waste, which in the greatest amount occurs in the process of obtaining crushed road and construction aggregates, natural aggregates, carbonate raw materials for the cement and lime industry, as well as stone elements for construction and road engineering. At the end of 2016, the mining plants accumulated 26,569,600 Mg of waste. As part of the European Regions Toward Circular Economy (CircE) project, research was conducted on the volume and composition of the mining waste of rock raw materials in the years 2010–2016 within Lower Silesia. This research used the methods of statistical, descriptive and spatial analysis to identify mining plants with the highest potential for using their wastes. In the course of this study, 6 mining plants with the highest potential of using their waste for industrial production purposes were selected. In order to objectively select these plants, the methodology of qualitative multi-criteria analysis was developed, and 7 criteria were selected for assessing the economic potential of using waste from the mining of rock raw materials. An additional result of this research is a database and graphical presentation of changes in the spatial distribution of generated waste in the Lower Silesia region in the years ranging from 2010 to 2016.

Red soils of different origins from southwest Nigeria: Characteristics, classification, and management considerations

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. A. Okusami ◽  
R. H. Rust ◽  
A. O. Alao
Keyword(s):  
Clay Mineral ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Clay Fraction ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Biotite Gneiss ◽  
Variable Charge

Representative profiles of the Owena, Egbeda, Alagba, and Balogun series were studied. The Owena soil is formed in amphibolite whereas Egbeda and Balogun soils are formed in biotite gneiss derived parent materials. The Alagba soil is formed in sandstone parent rock. The main objectives were to characterize the soils and their clay fraction, and to classify and interpret soil properties for agricultural land use. Most soils exhibit 2.5 YR hues in subsurface horizons. A pedon formed in biotite gneiss has the highest dithionite Fe content and Fed/clay ratio. The relationships between clay content and Fed values vary according to parent material origin and, therefore, would have to be interpreted differently for soil weathering processes. Clay coatings were noticeable in some soil horizons of all pedons studied. Soils are generally medium to slightly acid with sandstone-derived soils being the most acid. The clay mineral suite in all soils is dominated by kaolinite with traces of 2:1 and 2:2 clay minerals, goethite, hematite, anatase, maghemite, and rutile. In addition, some soils contain trace amounts of gibbsite. Kandic horizons have been identified in all soils. The low charge properties of the soils reflect the intensely weathered clay mineral suite. The base status is probably influenced by the cropping system and therefore may tend to unnecessarily differentiate highly weathered soils at the order level. The Egbeda and Balogun series were classified as Rhodic Kandiudults, clayey-skeletal, oxidic and Rhodic Kandiudalfs, clayey-skeletal, oxidic, respectively. Others, Owena, and Alagba series, were classified as Typic Kanhaplohumults, clayey, oxidic and Rhodic Kanhaplustults, fine loamy or clayey, oxidic, respectively. In the FAO-Unesco legend, all soils become Rhodic Ferralsols. In addition, the Owena (with its nitic properties) is further classified as niti-rhodic Ferralsol. The two classification systems are at variance for highly weathered (variable charge property) soils and this difference will definitely influence management decisions depending on which system is used at any particular time. Soil attributes favorable for agricultural use include thick sola and favorable structures. Chemical properties suggest minimal fixation of phosphorus. Key words: Dithionite Fe, kandic, oxidic, variable charge, ferralic, exchangeable Al

scholarly journals Modern Solution for Fast and Accurate Inventorization of Open-Pit Mines by the Active Remote Sensing Technique—Case Study of Mikoszów Granite Mine (Lower Silesia, SW Poland)

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (20) ◽  
pp. 6853
Author(s):  
Jaroslaw Wajs ◽  
Paweł Trybała ◽  
Justyna Górniak-Zimroz ◽  
Joanna Krupa-Kurzynowska ◽  
Damian Kasza
Keyword(s):  
Computer Software ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Open Pit ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Buffer Zones ◽  
Sw Poland ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Cloud Of Points ◽  
Lower Silesia

Mining industry faces new technological and economic challenges which need to be overcome in order to raise it to a new technological level in accordance with the ideas of Industry 4.0. Mining companies are searching for new possibilities of optimizing and automating processes, as well as for using digital technology and modern computer software to aid technological processes. Every stage of deposit management requires mining engineers, geologists, surveyors, and environment protection specialists who are involved in acquiring, storing, processing, and sharing data related to the parameters describing the deposit, its exploitation and the environment. These data include inter alia: geometries of the deposit, of the excavations, of the overburden and of the mined mineral, borders of the support pillars and of the buffer zones, mining advancements with respect to the set borders, effects of mining activities on the ground surface, documentation of landslide hazards and of the impact of mining operations on the selected elements of the environment. Therefore, over the life cycle of a deposit, modern digital technological solutions should be implemented in order to automate the processes of acquiring, sharing, processing and analyzing data related to deposit management. In accordance with this idea, the article describes the results of a measurement experiment performed in the Mikoszów open-pit granite mine (Lower Silesia, SW Poland) with the use of mobile LiDAR systems. The technology combines active sensors with automatic and global navigation system synchronized on a mobile platform in order to generate an accurate and precise geospatial 3D cloud of points.

scholarly journals Pedogenesis on volcanic rocks in protected landscape areas in Central and North Bohemia

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 153-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Žigová ◽  
M. Šťastný
Keyword(s):  
Soil Cover ◽  
Developmental Process ◽  
Volcanic Rocks ◽  
Clay Fraction ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Soil Profiles ◽  
Pedogenic Process ◽  
Geological Conditions ◽  
Swelling Clay Minerals

The development of soil cover on volcanic rocks in Central and North Bohemia was analyzed. The study was performed in the protected landscape areas on basalt, andesite, and dolerite. Parent material was characterized on the basis of thin-section study. Petrography of the parent material makes it possible to document the differences in the texture, character, and amount of rock-forming minerals. All the studied sequences exhibit the same configuration of soil profiles but various thicknesses. The soil profiles were evaluated on the basis of particle size distribution, chemical properties, soil organic matter parameters, and mineral composition of clay fraction. The major specific pedogenic process in soils developed on volcanic rocks is weathering of parent material and development of the Bw horizon with the formation of mainly smectite from the group of swelling clay minerals. The results revealed differences in the formation of the Bw horizon which is significantly affected by the petrography of the parent material and local geological conditions. According to the type of volcanic rocks, the intensity of the developmental process of the Bw horizon is as follows: andesite (Týřovické skály) > dolerite (Záhrabská) > basalt (Březina).

scholarly journals Formation and characteristics of an Ultisol in Peninsular Malaysia utilized for oil palm production

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arolu Ayanda Fatai ◽  
Jusop Shamshuddin ◽  
Che Ishaq Fauziah ◽  
Othman Radziah ◽  
Mohsen Bohluli
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Clay Fraction ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Soil Reaction ◽  
Soil Productivity ◽  
Moisture Regime ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Agronomic Practices ◽  
Exchangeable Al

Abstract. Most of the soils in the upland areas of Peninsular Malaysia are classified as Ultisols. Oil palm production on these soils is usually limited by their inherent low soil productivity. However, the crop is cultivated successfully on most of the soils following right soil management practices. A study was conducted in Bera, Malaysia to determine the characteristics and fertility of an Ultisol cropped to oil palm for many years continuously. In this study, the soil in the plantation was sampled, analyzed and classified. The soil under study was formed under tropical environment with udic moisture regime on fine-grained sedimentary rocks mixed with tuffs of Permian age. Due to very long exposure to the condition of high temperature and high rainfall throughout its development, the soil in the area was reddish in color, clayey, deep and highly weathered. The study found that the clay fraction of the soil was dominated by kaolinite, hematite, goethite and gibbsite; hence, the CEC and basic cations were low. Besides, soil reaction was acidic in nature with soil pH slightly below 5, but the exchangeable Al was more than 1 cmolc/kg soil. However, it was believed that these inherent characteristics were not expected to significantly affect the production of oil palm grown on the soil. With proper agronomic practices, the area can be utilized for oil palm production sustainably.

scholarly journals In situ weathering of rocks or aeolian silt deposition: key parameters for verifying parent material and pedogenesis in the Opawskie Mountains—a case study from SW Poland

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 435-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Loba ◽  
Marcin Sykuła ◽  
Jakub Kierczak ◽  
Beata Łabaz ◽  
Adam Bogacz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parent Material ◽  
Sw Poland ◽  
In Situ Weathering

The local-scale expansion of Dermacentor reticulatus ticks in Lower Silesia, SW Poland

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 101599
Author(s):  
Dorota Kiewra ◽  
Mariusz Szymanowski ◽  
Aleksandra Czułowska ◽  
Aleksandra Kolanek
Keyword(s):  
Dermacentor Reticulatus ◽  
Local Scale ◽  
Sw Poland ◽  
Scale Expansion ◽  
Lower Silesia

scholarly journals Soil diversity and properties in mountainous subtropical areas, in Sierra Sur de Oaxaca, Mexico

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. E. García Calderón ◽  
A. Ibáñez Huerta ◽  
G. Alvarez Arteaga ◽  
P. V. Krasilnikov ◽  
A. Hernández Jiménez
Keyword(s):  
Mass Movement ◽  
Clay Fraction ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Soil Diversity ◽  
Parent Materials ◽  
Soil Groups ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Agroforestry is a new practice of sustainable soil use in the mountainous Sierra Sur de Oaxaca area of Mexico. Coffee is also a common cash crop grown in the region. The objective of this study was to investigate the pedodiversity in the area. Soil development is very complex, and is influenced by slope parameters and parent materials. Several soil groups are found in the area investigated: Alisols, Umbrisols, and Cambisols. Morphology, chemical properties, and mineralogical composition of the clay fraction of these soils were studied. The soils vary in the extent of weathering, morphology, and chemical properties, which are important to farming in the area. Most of the soils have heterogeneous parent material. The distribution of major soil types of the area is related to mass movement along the slopes, both past and present. The studied soils represent a chronosequence from unleached and unweathered Cambisols to Alisols, characterized by strong clay illuviation and dominance of kaolinite and gibbsite in clay fraction. A mosaic of landslides and gullies of various ages, formed by catastrophic events such as earthquakes and hurricanes, form the pedodiversity of the area studied. Key words: Landslides, chronosequence, pedodiversity, Cambisols, Umbrisols, Alisols

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