scholarly journals USE OF ELECTRODERMAL WRISTBANDS TO MEASURE STUDENTS' COGNITIVE ENGAGEMENT IN THE CLASSROOM

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Terriault ◽  
Anastassis Kozanitis ◽  
Patrice Farand
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Electrodermal Activity ◽  
Cognitive Engagement ◽  
Pilot Project ◽  
External Factors ◽  
The Other ◽  
Activity Measurements ◽  
Activity Sensors ◽  
Skin Conductivity

A pilot project was conducted to study the feasibility of using electrodermal activity sensors embedded in a watch-like device to measure skin conductivity in real time. In the field of education, it may be interesting to use this technology to assess the students' cognitive engagement in the classroom. A few volunteer students as well as the professor were wearing an Empatica E4 wristband during some class periods where different activities were organized such as lectures, workshops and exams. Monitoring several individuals simultaneously makes possible to compare the collected data among students and between the students and the professor. Also, since the activities were weekly repeated, it was possible to assess to which extent the observed patterns were similar from one group to the other. In brief, the collected data is very difficult to interpret, since some external factors seem to have a significant effect on the measurements. Indeed, discrepancies are observed in the data curves representing the students’ electrodermal activity. Also, the data generated by the professor is quite different from one group to the other, even if he repeated the exact same activities at two different times of the week.  It is suggested to improve the understanding of all the phenomena that could affect the electrodermal activity measurements before trying to draw conclusions related to the students’ cognitive engagement in the classroom.

Gorontalo Province Tourism: Leading Sector In The Middle Of Weakness And Challenge

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Herwin Mopangga ◽  
Fitriaty Puhi
Keyword(s):  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Swot Analysis ◽  
Tourism Development ◽  
External Factors ◽  
The Other ◽  
Occupancy Rate ◽  
Regional Income ◽  
Sustainable Tourism Development ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
Internal And External Factors

Tourism shows a significant contribution to foreign exchange and regional income in Indonesia. Defined as a priority and leading sector in the RPJMD, tourism development in the Regencies and the Province of Gorontalo must measure the results, benefits and impacts for all stakeholders. Contribution to regional income (PAD) and the composition of internal and external factors in each of the leading destinations is needed for the purpose of determining the strategy and policy of sustainable tourism development. The study concluded that tourism sector was relatively small in its contribution to each PAD total by Regencies in Gorontalo Province. The low of PADsp is relevant to the low occupancy rate (TPK) of the hotel and the length of stay (LoS). The lack of retribution income from recreation and sports spot is relevant to the lack of activities to support the attractiveness such as art and cultural attractions and local products that can be souvenirs for tourists. Infrastructure facilities at leading tourism objects are relatively incomplete or do not meet tourism standards. The low of PAD, TPK LoS can also explain that the increase in tourists to Gorontalo is only a transit to the other tourist objects outside of Gorontalo Province.Keywords: Tourism, Leading Sector, Gorontalo, Income, Swot Analysis

Optimisation and control of the inflow to a wastewater treatment plant using integrated modelling tools

1998 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 347-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ole Mark ◽  
Claes Hernebring ◽  
Peter Magnusson
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Pilot Project ◽  
Integrated Modelling ◽  
Real Time Control ◽  
Sewer System ◽  
Time Control ◽  
The Impact

The present paper describes the Helsingborg Pilot Project, a part of the Technology Validation Project: “Integrated Wastewater” (TVP) under the EU Innovation Programme. The objective of the Helsingborg Pilot Project is to demonstrate implementation of integrated tools for the simulation of the sewer system and the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP), both in the analyses and the operational phases. The paper deals with the programme for investigating the impact of real time control (RTC) on the performance of the sewer system and wastewater treatment plant. As the project still is in a very early phase, this paper focuses on the modelling of the transport of pollutants and the evaluation of the effect on the sediment deposition pattern from the implementation of real time control in the sewer system.

scholarly journals Real-Time High-Level Acute Pain Detection Using a Smartphone and a Wrist-Worn Electrodermal Activity Sensor

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 3956
Author(s):  
Youngsun Kong ◽  
Hugo F. Posada-Quintero ◽  
Ki H. Chon
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Electrodermal Activity ◽  
Smartphone Application ◽  
Real Time Processing ◽  
Pain Stimulation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Electrical Pulses ◽  
Pain Detection ◽  
High Level

The subjectiveness of pain can lead to inaccurate prescribing of pain medication, which can exacerbate drug addiction and overdose. Given that pain is often experienced in patients’ homes, there is an urgent need for ambulatory devices that can quantify pain in real-time. We implemented three time- and frequency-domain electrodermal activity (EDA) indices in our smartphone application that collects EDA signals using a wrist-worn device. We then evaluated our computational algorithms using thermal grill data from ten subjects. The thermal grill delivered a level of pain that was calibrated for each subject to be 8 out of 10 on a visual analog scale (VAS). Furthermore, we simulated the real-time processing of the smartphone application using a dataset pre-collected from another group of fifteen subjects who underwent pain stimulation using electrical pulses, which elicited a VAS pain score level 7 out of 10. All EDA features showed significant difference between painless and pain segments, termed for the 5-s segments before and after each pain stimulus. Random forest showed the highest accuracy in detecting pain, 81.5%, with 78.9% sensitivity and 84.2% specificity with leave-one-subject-out cross-validation approach. Our results show the potential of a smartphone application to provide near real-time objective pain detection.

scholarly journals Evaluating Latency in Multiprocessing Embedded Systems for the Smart Grid

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 3322
Author(s):  
Sara Alonso ◽  
Jesús Lázaro ◽  
Jaime Jiménez ◽  
Unai Bidarte ◽  
Leire Muguira
Keyword(s):  
Operating System ◽  
Smart Grid ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Processing System ◽  
The Other ◽  
Programmable Logic ◽  
Detailed Characterization ◽  
Timing Constraint ◽  
Time Part

Smart grid endpoints need to use two environments within a processing system (PS), one with a Linux-type operating system (OS) using the Arm Cortex-A53 cores for management tasks, and the other with a standalone execution or a real-time OS using the Arm Cortex-R5 cores. The Xen hypervisor and the OpenAMP framework allow this, but they may introduce a delay in the system, and some messages in the smart grid need a latency lower than 3 ms. In this paper, the Linux thread latencies are characterized by the Cyclictest tool. It is shown that when Xen hypervisor is used, this scenario is not suitable for the smart grid as it does not meet the 3 ms timing constraint. Then, standalone execution as the real-time part is evaluated, measuring the delay to handle an interrupt created in programmable logic (PL). The standalone application was run in A53 and R5 cores, with Xen hypervisor and OpenAMP framework. These scenarios all met the 3 ms constraint. The main contribution of the present work is the detailed characterization of each real-time execution, in order to facilitate selecting the most suitable one for each application.

An ‘Age of Commerce’ in Southeast Asian History

1990 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Reid
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Economic History ◽  
External Factors ◽  
The Other ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
World War ◽  
The Past ◽  
Increased Sensitivity ◽  
Asian History

Since the end of World War II the study of Southeast Asia has changed unrecognizably. The often bitter end of colonialism caused a sharp break with older scholarly traditions, and their tendency to see Southeast Asia as a receptacle for external influences—first Indian, Persian, Islamic or Chinese, later European. The greatest gain over the past forty years has probably been a much increased sensitivity to the cultural distinctiveness of Southeast Asia both as a whole and in its parts. If there has been a loss, on the other hand, it has been the failure of economic history to advance beyond the work of the generation of Furnivall, van Leur, Schrieke and Boeke. Perhaps because economic factors were difficult to disentangle from external factors they were seen by very few Southeast Asianists as the major challenge.

scholarly journals Inter-laboratory comparison of three different real-time PCR assays for the detection of Pneumocystis jiroveci in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples

2006 ◽  
Vol 55 (9) ◽  
pp. 1229-1235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catharina F. M. Linssen ◽  
Jan A. Jacobs ◽  
Pieter Beckers ◽  
Kate E. Templeton ◽  
Judith Bakkers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Lavage Fluid ◽  
The Other ◽  
Pneumocystis Jiroveci ◽  
Pcr Assays

Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PCP) is an opportunistic infection affecting immunocompromised patients. While conventional diagnosis of PCP by microscopy is cumbersome, the use of PCR to diagnose PCP has great potential. Nevertheless, inter-laboratory validation and standardization of PCR assays is lacking. The aim of this study was to evaluate the inter-laboratory agreement of three independently developed real-time PCR assays for the detection of P. jiroveci in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples. Therefore, 124 samples were collected in three tertiary care laboratories (Leiden University Medical Center, Maastricht Infection Center and Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre) and were tested by both microscopy and real-time PCR. Of 41 samples positive for P. jiroveci by microscopy, 40 were positive in all three PCR assays. The remaining sample was positive in a single assay only. Out of 83 microscopy-negative samples, 69 were negative in all three PCR assays. The other 14 samples were found positive, either in all three assays (n=5), in two (n=2) or in one of the assays (n=7). The data demonstrate high inter-laboratory agreement among real-time PCR assays for the detection of P. jiroveci.

scholarly journals Cumulative Science via Bayesian Posterior Passing

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Olivia Brand ◽  
James Patrick Ounsley ◽  
Daniel Job Van der Post ◽  
Thomas Joshua Henry Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Statistical Technique ◽  
The Other ◽  
True Parameter ◽  
True Effect ◽  
Strong Candidate ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Parameter Values

This paper introduces a statistical technique known as “posterior passing” in which the results of past studies can be used to inform the analyses carried out by subsequent studies. We first describe the technique in detail and show how it can be implemented by individual researchers on an experiment by experiment basis. We then use a simulation to explore its success in identifying true parameter values compared to current statistical norms (ANOVAs and GLMMs). We find that posterior passing allows the true effect in the population to be found with greater accuracy and consistency than the other analysis types considered. Furthermore, posterior passing performs almost identically to a data analysis in which all data from all simulated studies are combined and analysed as one dataset. On this basis, we suggest that posterior passing is a viable means of implementing cumulative science. Furthermore, because it prevents the accumulation of large bodies of conflicting literature, it alleviates the need for traditional meta-analyses. Instead, posterior passing cumulatively and collaboratively provides clarity in real time as each new study is produced and is thus a strong candidate for a new, cumulative approach to scientific analyses and publishing.

scholarly journals In Defense of the Internalists’ Conception of Africa’s Under-Development

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 14-21
Author(s):  
Olanrewaju Abdul Shitta-Bey
Keyword(s):  
External Factors ◽  
The Other ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
Other Hand

Many people have contributed to the debate on the causes of, and solutions to, Africa‟s underdevelopment. The various contributors to the debate have been so divided into intellectual camps of the externalists and the internalists. The externalists‟ camp comprises of those that argue for Africa‟s underdevelopment by tracing the causes and solutions to external factors; on the other hand, the internalists camp is the umbrella body of those that link Africa‟s problem to internal factors. In this paper, we argue that the problem of Africa‟s underdevelopment is traceable more to the internal factors, than the external factors. Consequently, this work seeks to exhume evidences from the pre-colonial and contemporary Africa to support and illustrate our claim.

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