scholarly journals Centella Asiatica Extracts Regulates Aluminium Chloride-Induced Neurotoxicity in Rats: Impact on Inflammation, Apoptosis and Biogenic Amine Levels

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Shaik Amjad ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Centella Asiatica ◽  
Aluminium Chloride ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats ◽  
Group 1

investigate the therapeutic potential of CA against chronic Aluminium Chloride (AlCl3) exposure induced rats. Wistar albino rats were segregated into four groups: group 1-control rats, group 2-rats received AlCl3 (300 mg/kg body weight, every day orally) for 60 days, rats in group 3-received CA (500 mg/kg body weight, orally) and group 4 rats were initiated with both AlCl3 and CA treatment.

scholarly journals To Evaluate the Diuretic Activity in Ethanolic Extract of Leaves of Delonix Regia in Wistar Albino Rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 959-963
Author(s):  
Jayanthi M K ◽  
Siddamma Amoghimath
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Diuretic Activity ◽  
Delonix Regia ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats

To study the diuretic activity in ethanolic extract of leaves of delonix regia in wistar albino rats. After obtaining the permission from the Institutional Ethical Committee (IAEC) Wistar albino rats were randomly selected and divided into 4 groups. The animals were fasted and deprived of food and water 20hrs prior to the experiment. On the day of experimentation, Group 1 negative control received Normal saline (25ml/kg), Group 2 positive control received Furosemide 20mg/kg body weight, and Group 3 received ethanonic extract of delonix regia 100mg/kg and Group 4 received ethanonic extract of delonix regia 200 mg/kg. Delonix regia increase the excretion of sodium and water at the dose of 100mg/kg and 200mg/kg of body weight. The diuretic index is 5.93 and 6.45 at 100mg/kg and 200mg/kg of delonix regia respectively. The diuretic activity if delonix regia 100mg/kg is 0.61 and 0.67 at dose 200mg/kg, which is more than that of negative control but less when compared to positive control. Ethanonic extract of Delonix regia showed significant diuretic activity at both 100mg/kg and 200mg/kg doses.

scholarly journals Potentiation of general anaesthetic activity of ketamine by memantine

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 146
Author(s):  
M. S. Umamageswari ◽  
K. Vasanthan ◽  
T. M. Karthikeyan
Keyword(s):  
General Anesthesia ◽  
Sleep Latency ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
General Anaesthetic ◽  
Synergistic Activity ◽  
Latency Time ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Background: The study was done with the objective to evaluate synergistic activity of ketamine induced general anesthesia by memantine in wistar albino rats.Methods: The wistar albino rats of either sex were divided into four groups of five animals. Group 1 received ketamine 40 mg/kg, group 2 received ketamine 80 mg/kg, group 3 received ketamine 40 mg/kg along with memantine 10 mg/kg and group 4 received 80 mg of ketamine along with memantine 10 mg/kg to evaluate the synergistic activity of ketamine induced general anesthesia by memantine. The sleep latency time and duration of sleep were measured in all the groups.Results: The sleep latency time of group 4 is significantly decreased (p<0.001) compared to all other groups. The duration of sleep of group 4 is significantly increased (p<0.001) compared to group 1 and group 3, but less than that of group 1.Conclusions: Memantine possess synergistic activity of ketamine induced general anaesthesia.

scholarly journals Hematology of 2, 4 (Dinitrophenyl Hydrazine) Induced Anaemic Rat Administered with Ficus capensis Fruits and Leave Extract

2020 ◽  
pp. 41-49
Author(s):  
N. N. Umerah ◽  
J. I. Okoye ◽  
A. I. Asouzu
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Haematological Parameters ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Background: Anemia is regarded as public health challenge and is predominant in developing countries due to nutritional deficiencies. Aim/Objectives: The study was carried out to evaluate the biological properties of Ficus capensis fruits and vegetables on some haematological parameters in 2, 4 (dinitrophenyl hydrazine) induced anemic rat. Materials and Methods: Ficus capensis leaves and fruits were separately plucked, sorted cleaned. Twenty male adult rats were purchased from the Department of Veterinary Pathology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka. The animals were divided into 4 groups of 5 rats each on the basis of body weight. The rats in all the groups received 2, 4-DNPH (20 mg/kg body weight) once daily for 7 days to induce anaemia. Group I were fed rat chow alone, group 2 were fed rat chow with ferrous sulphate, group 3 were fed rat chow with Ficus capensis leaves extract and group 4 were fed rat chow with Ficus capensis seed extract. The aqueous extracts of the leaves and fruits were tested for haematinic effects in albino rats. Blood parameters such as Packed Cell Volume (PCV), Red Blood Cell (RBC) count, White Blood Cell (WBC) count and Haemoglobin concentration (Hb) were measured. Results: The result showed that the mean PCV baseline of the rats were (38.72-39.24%), mean PCV of anemic rats (33.01- 34.60%) and the mean PCV of the rats after test of recovery were group 1 (34.10%), group 2 (51.81%), group 3 (40.20%) and group 4 (38.20%).The result showed that the mean HB baseline of the rats were (9.67-10.47 g/dl), mean HB of anemic rats (6.50- 7.10 g/dl) and the mean HB of the rats after test of recovery were group 1 (6.51 g/dl), group 2 (12.32 g/dl), group 3 (9.73 g/dl) and group 4 (9.69 g/dl). The results of the effect of the extracts on the haematological parameters indicated that oral administration of the aqueous extract of Ficus capensis leaves and fruits after 22 days exhibited a significant (P < 0.05) increase in haematinic activity by increasing the blood parameters Hb, PCV, WBC and RBC.

scholarly journals Acetylsalicylic acid (Aspirin®) and liver regeneration: experimental study in rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARIA DE LOURDES PESSOLE BIONDO-SIMÕES ◽  
VICTOR CEZAR DE AZEVEDO PESSINI ◽  
CAROLINA AYUMI ICHI ◽  
ROGÉRIO RIBEIRO ROBES ◽  
SÉRGIO IOSHII
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Acetylsalicylic Acid ◽  
Partial Hepatectomy ◽  
Daily Administration ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Group 1

ABSTRACT Objective: to evaluate the influence of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) on cell proliferation after partial hepatectomy in rats. Methods: 40 male Wistar rats were separated into four groups of ten rats each. Groups 1 and 2 (controls): undergoing 30% partial hepatectomy and, after one day (group 1) and seven days (group 2), to euthanasia; daily administration of 0.9% saline solution (1mL per 200g of body weight). Groups 3 and 4 (experimental): undergoing 30% partial hepatectomy and, after one day (group 3) and seven days (group 4), to euthanasia; daily administration of ASA (40mg/mL, 1mL per 200g of body weight). The absolute number of cells stained with PCNA was counted in photomicrographs, in five fields, and it was calculated the mean of positive cells per animal and per group. Results: the final mean of PCNA+ cells per group was: in group 1, 17.57 ± 6.77; in group 2, 19.31 ± 5.30; in group 3, 27.46 ± 11.55; and, in group 4, 12.40 ± 5.23. There was no significant difference at the two evaluation times in the control group (p=0.491), but there was in the experimental group (p=0.020), with a lower number of PCNA+ cells on the seventh day. The comparison between the two groups, on the first day, showed more PCNA+ cells in the livers of the animals that received ASA (p=0.047), and on the seventh day the number was lower in the experimental group (p=0.007). Conclusion: ASA induced greater hepatocyte proliferation.

scholarly journals Biochemical and histological effects of ethanolic extracts of fruits of Xylopia aethiopica and seeds and leaves of Piper guineense on liver and kidney function in male albino rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chinedu Imo ◽  
Kayode Adebisi Arowora ◽  
Chukwuma Stephen Ezeonu ◽  
Joseph Ikwebe ◽  
Ojochenemi Ejeh Yakubu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Function ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Piper Guineense ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Xylopia Aethiopica ◽  
Group 1

Abstract Background The fruits of Xylopia aethiopica and seeds and leaves of Piper guineense are commonly used as spices. Due to their wide use in nutrition and traditional medicine, there is need to examine the biochemical and histological effects of ethanolic extracts of fruits of Xylopia aethiopica and seeds and leaves of Piper guineense on liver and kidney function in male albino rats. The test animals (groups 2, 3 and 4) received 100 mg/kg each of the corresponding extract for 21 days. Group 1 served as normal control and received a placebo of normal saline. The animals were later fasted overnight, sacrificed and their blood collected through cardiac puncture for biochemical indices. Results AST activity decreased significantly (p < 0.05) in rats of group 2 compared to the normal control; ALP decreased significantly (p < 0.05) in animals of group 3; while ALT increased significantly (p < 0.05) in group 4. The concentrations of urea and potassium showed significant decrease (p < 0.05) in animals of group 3. Creatinine increased significantly (p < 0.05) in group 2. Concentrations of total protein, albumin, globulin, sodium and chlorides in the test animals did not show any significant alteration. WBC count increased significantly (p < 0.05) in rats of group 3 and non-significantly (p > 0.05) in groups 2 and 4. PCV increased significantly in rats of group 4 and non-significantly in groups 2 and 3. RBC count and Hb levels increased non-significantly (p > 0.05) in all the test groups compared to group 1. The histoarchitectural states of the liver and kidneys showed no apparent alteration by the different extracts. Conclusion The extracts have no apparent toxic effect on the liver and kidneys of the experimental rats, although fruits’ extract of Xylopia aethiopica showed possibility of exhibiting mild liver toxicity.

scholarly journals The effect of uncooked and roll-dried wheat starch, alone and mixed in equal quantity with sucrose, on dental caries in the albino rat

1967 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 921-924 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Green ◽  
R. L. Hartles
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Wheat Starch ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Albino Rat ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

1. Eighty weanling albino rats, five from each of sixteen litters were distributed between five dietary groups in sixteen randomized blocks. Each block was formed from within a litter and each animal in the block received a different diet.2. The main features of the diets were: group 1, 72% sucrose; group 2, 72% uncooked wheat starch; group 3, 72% roll-dried wheat starch; group 4, 36% sucrose and 36% uncooked starch; group 5, 36% sucrose and 36% roll-dried starch.3. The rats were killed after 20 days on the diets and assessed for dental caries. The rats consuming diets containing sucrose (groups 1, 4 and 5) had significantly more caries than animals receiving diets in which starch was the sole carbohydrate. The diet containing roll-dried wheat starch produced significantly more caries than uncooked starch. The mixture of uncooked starch and sucrose was more cariogenic than the mixture of roll-dried starch and sucrose.

scholarly journals A New model for Alloxan-induced diabetes mellitus in rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 56-62
Author(s):  
Ojulari Lekan Sheriff ◽  
Oladeru Olayemi ◽  
Ayinde Olanrewaju Taofeeq ◽  
Kadir Eniola Riskat ◽  
Dangana Elizabeth Ojochebo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Fasting Period ◽  
Experimental Procedure ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Strict Protocol ◽  
Group 1

Background: Alloxan is widely used to induce experimental diabetes mellitus (DM) in animals with different grades of disease severity by varying the dose of Alloxan used. This method has however be questioned by recent research work as an appropriate technique for the induction of diabetes. Objective: To provide a simple, yet concise and reproducible experimental procedure and model for Alloxan-induced DM in rats. Methods: The study was divided into 2 separate experiments. Experiment 1: Alloxan was administered, into four subgroups each (group 1- 100 mg of Alloxan /kg of rat body weight, group 2- 120 mg/kg, group 3- 150 mg/kg, and group 4- 170 mg/kg); in each subgroup, the dose of Alloxan was administered at different concentrations (20 mg/ml, 10 mg/ml, 5 mg/ml and 4 mg/ml) in groups of 10 rats each. The pre-induction fasting period was also varied between groups. Experiment 2:Following a pre-induction fasting period of 36 hours, animals received 150 mg Alloxan /kg body weight and at a concentration of 20 mg Alloxan/ ml. Result:Alloxan administered intraperitoneally at 150 mg/kg of rat body weight, at 20 mg/ml and following a pre-induction fast period of 36 hours yielded the most favorably conditions with the least recorded mortality. Conclusion: From the results of this study, it can be concluded that alloxan is a diabetogenic drug with a strict protocol of use in inducing a predictable DM in rats and as such, this model is a standard and reproducible technique for the induction of DM in experimental rats. J Bangladesh Soc Physiol. 2019, December; 14(2): 56-62

scholarly journals Biochemical Changes in the Malnourished Rats Serum and Liver Exposed to Dietary Monosodium Glutamate

2019 ◽  
pp. 156-167
Author(s):  
Babawande A. Origbemisoye ◽  
Badiu A. Akinbode ◽  
Ganiyat A. Oparemi
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Monosodium Glutamate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oxidative Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Weight Group ◽  
Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is a flavor enhancer. Its toxicity in a malnourished state appears not to have been fully investigated. This study was carried out to determine the effects of MSG on malnourished rats. Rats were randomly assigned into four groups of five rats/group. Group 1 rats were fed with malnourished feed; Group 2 rats received malnourished feed with dosed 1.6 mg/g MSG per body weight; Group 3 rats were fed with normal feed and dosed 1.6 mg/g MSG per body weight and Group 4 rats served as the control group (normal healthy rats) and were fed with normal feed for 28 days. After 28 days, the rats were sacrificed with the liver harvested and blood samples collected. Results from the study showed that malnourished rats had significantly lower levels of oxidative stress biomarkers including, anti-oxidants compared with the control. The levels of malondialldehyde concentration and xanthine oxidase activity were high in malnourished fed rats. Aspartate aminotransferase and alanine transaminase levels of malnourished and normal rats administered MSG were significantly low compared to the normal healthy suggesting that labialization occurs in liver leading to leakage of these enzymes from the liver to the serum. Malnourished rats showed significant decrease in body weight losing 48 grams after 28 days compared to malnourished and normal rats fed with MSG which recorded significant increase in body weight after 28 days adding 26 g and 42 g respectively.

In-vivo evaluation of the effect of cyanoacrylate on prosthetic vascular graft infection – does cyanoacrylate increase the severity of infection?

VASA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 281-284
Author(s):  
Atıf Yolgosteren ◽  
Gencehan Kumtepe ◽  
Melda Payaslioglu ◽  
Cuneyt Ozakin
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Graft ◽  
Graft Infection ◽  
Vascular Graft Infection ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Prosthetic Vascular Graft Infection ◽  
Group 1

Summary. Background: Prosthetic vascular graft infection (PVGI) is a complication with high mortality. Cyanoacrylate (CA) is an adhesive which has been used in a number of surgical procedures. In this in-vivo study, we aimed to evaluate the relationship between PVGI and CA. Materials and methods: Thirty-two rats were equally divided into four groups. Pouch was formed on back of rats until deep fascia. In group 1, vascular graft with polyethyleneterephthalate (PET) was placed into pouch. In group 2, MRSA strain with a density of 1 ml 0.5 MacFarland was injected into pouch. In group 3, 1 cm 2 vascular graft with PET piece was placed into pouch and MRSA strain with a density of 1 ml 0.5 MacFarland was injected. In group 4, 1 cm 2 vascular graft with PET piece impregnated with N-butyl cyanoacrylate-based adhesive was placed and MRSA strain with a density of 1 ml 0.5 MacFarland was injected. All rats were scarified in 96th hour, culture samples were taken where intervention was performed and were evaluated microbiologically. Bacteria reproducing in each group were numerically evaluated based on colony-forming unit (CFU/ml) and compared by taking their average. Results: MRSA reproduction of 0 CFU/ml in group 1, of 1410 CFU/ml in group 2, of 180 200 CFU/ml in group 3 and of 625 300 CFU/ml in group 4 was present. A statistically significant difference was present between group 1 and group 4 (p < 0.01), between group 2 and group 4 (p < 0.01), between group 3 and group 4 (p < 0.05). In terms of reproduction, no statistically significant difference was found in group 1, group 2, group 3 in themselves. Conclusions: We observed that the rate of infection increased in the cyanoacyrylate group where cyanoacrylate was used. We think that surgeon should be more careful in using CA in vascular surgery.

Defensive activity of Hesperidin against Ciprofloxacin induced hepatic injury in rabbits.

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hawraa M. Murad ◽  
Tamadhur Hani Hussein ◽  
Audai Sulaiman Khudhair ◽  
Manal Muhi Murad ◽  
Jawad Kadhim Faris
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Hepatoprotective Activity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Local Breed ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Defensive Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Effects

This study was conducted to find out hepatoprotective activity of hesperidin (HES) 100mg/kg body weight (b.w.) against ciprofloxacin (CPX) 100 mg/kg induced hepatotoxicity in local breed rabbits .CPX is a broad spectrum antibiotic used for treatment of many bacterial infections. Twenty four male rabbits were divided into four groups ,group1: control, (1 ml/kg Saline orally) group 2: CPX (100 mg/kg orally) for (14) consecutive days , group 3: HES (100 mg//kg) orally for (14) consecutive days group 4: CPX (100 mg/kg orally) plus HES (100 mg//kg orally ) for (14) consecutive days. All the rabbits were killed on the (15) day of the experiment, and then the blood, and livers samples were taken. CPX induced hepatotoxicity was proved by a significant (p less than 0.01) reduction in the body weight ,and a significant (p less than 0.01) increased serum aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT) , Malonaldehyde enzyme (MAD) and histopathological changes. Protective hepatic toxicity effect and oxidative damage caused by CPX significantly (p less than 0.01) increasing in body weight and significantly (p less than 0.01) decreasing AST , ALT, MAD and improving tissue morphology in HES (100 mg//kg) . These results assure that HES (100 mg//kg) antioxidant effects can protect CPX-induced hepatotoxicity in rabbits.

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