scholarly journals Formulasi Krim Antibakteri Fraksi Etil Asetat Daun Kirinyuh (Chromolaena odorata)

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-106
Author(s):  
Herlina Ekapratama Dewi ◽  
Welinda Dyah Ayu ◽  
Rolan Rusli
Keyword(s):  
Chromolaena Odorata ◽  
E Coli

Ekstrak daun kirinyuh (Chromolaena odorata) mempunyai aktivitas antibakteri yang cukup baik terhadap beberapa bakteri patogen diantaranya bakteri S. aureus, E. aeruginosa dan E. coli. Penelitian yang dilakukan bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana aktivitas fraksi etil asetat ekstrak etanol daun kirinyuh (Chromolaena odorata) terhadap beberapa bakteri patogen tersebut untuk kemudian diformulasi menjadi bentuk sediaan krim untuk mempermudah penggunaannya serta mengetahui pengaruh formulasi krim fraksi etil asetat ekstrak etanol daun kirinyuh terhadap sifat fisik dan aktivitas antibakteri terhadap bakteri S. aureus, E. aeruginosa dan E.coli. Krim memiliki konsentrasi fraksi etil 6%, 8% dan 10%. Krim dievaluasi  (organoleptis, viskositas, pH dan daya sebar) serta aktivitas antibakterinya terhadap bakteri S. aureus, E. aeruginosa dan E. coli. Hasil pengamatan sifat fisik krim menunjukkan dengan adanya kenaikan konsentrasi fraksi etil asetat akan menyebabkan peningkatan viskositas secara berturut-turut 3,26 Pa.s; 3,34 Pa.s dan 3,58Pa.s, penurunan pH secara berturut-trurut,56; 7,39 dan  7,27 serta  penurunan daya sebar krim secara berturut-turut 5,1cm; 4,7cm and 4,0cm. Uji organoleptis (bentuk, warna, bau dan homogenitas) menunjukkan adanya stabilitas pada sediaan krim. Krim memiliki warna hijau dengan kontras warna yang sesuai dengan konsentrasi fraksi etil yang digunakan, berbau khas daun kirinyuh dan memiliki homogenitas yang baik. Krim dengan fraksi etil asetat ekstrak etanol daun kirinyuh memberikan aktivitas daya hambat pada bakteri S.aureus secara berturut-turut 12,52mm; 13,90mm dan 12,42 mm. Pada bakteri E. aeruginosa memberikan aktivitas daya bunuh secara berturut-turut 13.21 mm; 13.70 mm dan 12.49 mm. Pada bakteri E.coli dengan daya bunuh berturut-turut adalah 13.46 mm; 13.30 mm dan 13,18 mm

CHANGES IN MICROBIOLOGICAL AND PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES DURING COMPOSTING OF SIAM WEED (Chromolaena odorata) AND COWDUNG

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 40-48
Author(s):  
A K AKINTOKUN ◽  
P O AKINTOKUN ◽  
A O OBAWUSI ◽  
O R LAWAL
Keyword(s):  
Micrococcus Luteus ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Chromolaena Odorata ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Standard Procedures ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium

Three compost samples were prepared in this study from Siam weed (Chromolaena odorata) and cowdung. Sample A was prepared from Cow dung and siam weed at ratio 100g: 100g, Sample B was prepared from 200g chopped siam weed and sample C contained 200g cowdung. These three sam-ples were composted in plastic drums perforated for aeration and each sample were replicated three times. The content in the drums were regularly turned and monitored at 1, 10, 30 and 60 days for mi-crobiological and physicochemical properties. The microbiological and physicochemical analyses of the compost were carried out using standard procedures. Bacterial, Coliform and Fungal count in-creased from day 1 to the 30th day and thereafter decreased from 30th day to the 60th day in all the composting samples. The bacteria species isolated and identified were Pseudomonas fragilis, Pseu-domonas nitrificans, Proteus mirabilis, E. coli, Streptococcus faecium, Micrococcus luteus, Clostridium perfringes, Bacillus cereus, Proteus morganii, Micrococcus acidophilus. Fungal species were Aspergil-lus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Fusarium oxysporium, Penicillum chrysogenum, Aspergillus niger, Mucor sp. and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The pH of the composted samples ranges between 5.8 to 6.9. The nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content increased with days of composting but the heavy metals decreased with days of composting. The sulfatase, phosphatase, dehydrogenase, amyl-ase and cellulose enzymes in the three samples increased from day 1 to the 60th day. Sulfatase en-zyme which was the highest ranged from 25 to 76.5% in the three sample, phosphatase (14 to 60.5%), dehydrogenase (20.5 to 55.0%), cellulose (16.5 to 49%) and amylase which was the least enzyme recorded ranged from 5.0 to 38%.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Phytochemicals and Antimicrobial Potentials of Chromolaena odorata (L.) on Selected Human Pathogens

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Z. K. Egbunu ◽  
O. O. Owoyemi ◽  
M. K. Oladunmoye ◽  
O. J. Abraham ◽  
O. I. Afolami
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Chromolaena Odorata ◽  
Inhibitory Zone ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition

Aims: This research was designed to evaluate the phytochemicals present in the leaf extracts of Chromolaena odorata L. and their antimicrobial activities. Methodology: Dried leaves of C. odorata were pulverized and subjected to ethanolic and aqueous extraction. The extracts were qualitatively and quantitatively screened for phytochemicals using standard methods. The inhibitory activity of the leaf extracts were evaluated against clinical pathogens; Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis and Candida albicans using agar well diffusion technique at 100 mg/mL and 200 mg/mL concentrations. Results: The ethanolic extract of C. odorata had a better percentage yield of 5.49 g, followed by aqueous extract (3.5 g). The phytochemical screening conducted on the extracts revealed the presence of flavonoid, alkaloid, saponin, cardiac glycoside, steroids, tannins and terpenoids. The ethanolic extract exhibited better antimicrobial activity on S. typhi, S. aureus, E. coli, Ps. aeruginosa and C. albicans compared to the aqueous extract. This could be as a result of the higher extraction capability of the ethanol to penetrate easily into the cellular membrane and dissolve the intracellular inclusions from the plant materials than the aqueous solvent. The zones of inhibition of ethanolic extract at 100 mg/mL ranges from 2.33±0.33 mm to 9.50±0.36 mm with the lowest efficacy observed on P. mirabilis and highest on S. aureus. S. typhi was susceptible to the aqueous extract of the plant at this concentration with inhibitory zone of 4.00±0.00 mm. The ethanolic extract of the plant was also effective against C. albicans with inhibitory zone of 4.17±0.17 mm at 100 mg/mL. Chloramphenicol inhibited all the test bacteria with the highest efficacy on E. coli (16.33±0.03 mm) and ketoconazole at 25 mg/mL had a better antifungal activity on C. albicans compared to the observed antifungal activities of the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of C. odorata at 100 mg/mL. Furthermore, the test organisms were more susceptible to the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of C. odorata at 200 mg/mL with zones of inhibition ranging from 3.23±0.15 mm to 12.33±0.33 mm. The lowest being observed on E.coli and highest on S. typhi (ethanolic extract). K. Pneumoniae and P. mirabilis were resistant to the aqueous extract of C. odorata. All the test bacteria were susceptible to the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of C. odorata at 200 mg/mL extracts concentration. Moreover, C. albicans was susceptible to the inhibitory effect of C. odorata at this concentration with inhibitory zones of 3.00±0.00 mm and 5.33±0.33 mm on aqueous and ethanolic extracts respectively. Conclusion: The findings from this study revealed the antimicrobial activities of C. odorata on the test pathogens which are in close proximity in comparison with the synthetic antimicrobial agents and thus upon purification, can be harnessed as a lead for the development of natural products derived antimicrobials in drug discovery against infections caused by these human pathogens evaluated in this study.

scholarly journals ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF CHROMOLAENA ODORATA AGAINST WOUND INFECTION

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr.R Mahenthiran ◽  
Sornambiga Ravi ◽  
Poovendiran P ◽  
Archana S Nair ◽  
Sudharsan K ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Chromolaena Odorata ◽  
Staph Aureus ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Diffusion Technique ◽  
Mueller Hinton ◽  
Mueller Hinton Agar ◽  
Bioactive Natural Product ◽  
Klebsiella Spp

This plant extract that was well?tried to be effectively used as a natural different supply of stop and cure the wound accustomed discover different bioactive natural product that will function lead for the event of latest pharmaceutical drug. Hence, this plant may function an alternate medication while not facet effects and additionally they might more be vulnerable bacterium were Escherichia coli. The recent ethanolic extract solely suppressed the expansion of staph aureus. dry ethanolic extract suppressed the expansion of staph aureus, bacteria genus spp, E. coli, Klebsiella. Spp. the foremost properties by agar well diffusion technique mistreatment Mueller?Hinton Agar ?AHM?on human infective bacterium. The dry and recent ethanolic extracts of the leaves of Chromolaena odorata were studied for in vitro antimicrobial

scholarly journals Antibacterial Activity of Biodegradable Plastic from Chromolaena odorata (Pokok Kapal Terbang) Leaves

2021 ◽  
Vol 2071 (1) ◽  
pp. 012010
Author(s):  
C W S R Mohamad ◽  
E M Cheng ◽  
N A Abu Talib
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Medical Application ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Chromolaena Odorata ◽  
Good Characteristic ◽  
Blend Films ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Film ◽  
New Material ◽  
Broth Dilution

Abstract The aim of this research project was to develop antimicrobial films from blends of C. odorata and PVA and test the films for microbial activity using broth dilution methods for Gram-negative (E. coli) and Gram-positive (S. aureus) bacteria. The result shows that CO/PVA80 successfully inhibit the growth of target bacteria. In antibacterial activity analysis, CO/PVA80 showed 50% higher compare with pure PVA film, PVA100. Other than that, the high percentage of PVA in the blend films, the greater the thickness, Tensile Strength (TS) and Young’s Modulus (YM), while the Elongation Break (EB) of the prepared films decreased. The 0.5 mm CO/PVA80 film shows a good result in mechanical properties which is TS 6.55 MPa, YM 182 MPa and EB is 7.47%. A CO/PVA80 were show a smooth texture, lacked of macropore and good characteristic with a SEM analysis. These results suggest that CO/PVA80 films have good compatibility to form an antimicrobial film as a new material for medical application especially for wound healing.

Endotoxin Alteration of the Mucopolysaccharide Blood Vessel Coating in Rats

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 148-149
Author(s):  
D. E. Philpott ◽  
A. Takahashi
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Basement Membrane ◽  
Coronary Vessels ◽  
Ruthenium Red ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Old Rats ◽  
The Brain

Two month, eight month and two year old rats were treated with 10 or 20 mg/kg of E. Coli endotoxin I. P. The eight month old rats proved most resistant to the endotoxin. During fixation the aorta, carotid artery, basil arartery of the brain, coronary vessels of the heart, inner surfaces of the heart chambers, heart and skeletal muscle, lung, liver, kidney, spleen, brain, retina, trachae, intestine, salivary gland, adrenal gland and gingiva were treated with ruthenium red or alcian blue to preserve the mucopolysaccharide (MPS) coating. Five, 8 and 24 hrs of endotoxin treatment produced increasingly marked capillary damage, disappearance of the MPS coating, edema, destruction of endothelial cells and damage to the basement membrane in the liver, kidney and lung.

Ribosome Structural Organization

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 332-333
Author(s):  
James A. Lake
Keyword(s):  
Ribosomal Proteins ◽  
Structural Organization ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Structural Studies ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
X Ray ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Complete Sequences

The understanding of ribosome structure has advanced considerably in the last several years. Biochemists have characterized the constituent proteins and rRNA's of ribosomes. Complete sequences have been determined for some ribosomal proteins and specific antibodies have been prepared against all E. coli small subunit proteins. In addition, a number of naturally occuring systems of three dimensional ribosome crystals which are suitable for structural studies have been observed in eukaryotes. Although the crystals are, in general, too small for X-ray diffraction, their size is ideal for electron microscopy.

Sites of Adsorption of the Bacteriophages T3 and T5 on the Wall of Escherichia Coli B.

1967 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 96-97
Author(s):  
Manfred E. Bayer
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Receptor Sites ◽  
Rigid Cell Wall ◽  
Host Cell Surface ◽  
Bacterial Viruses ◽  
Escherichia Coli B

Bacterial viruses adsorb specifically to receptors on the host cell surface. Although the chemical composition of some of the cell wall receptors for bacteriophages of the T-series has been described and the number of receptor sites has been estimated to be 150 to 300 per E. coli cell, the localization of the sites on the bacterial wall has been unknown.When logarithmically growing cells of E. coli are transferred into a medium containing 20% sucrose, the cells plasmolize: the protoplast shrinks and becomes separated from the somewhat rigid cell wall. When these cells are fixed in 8% Formaldehyde, post-fixed in OsO4/uranyl acetate, embedded in Vestopal W, then cut in an ultramicrotome and observed with the electron microscope, the separation of protoplast and wall becomes clearly visible, (Fig. 1, 2). At a number of locations however, the protoplasmic membrane adheres to the wall even under the considerable pull of the shrinking protoplast. Thus numerous connecting bridges are maintained between protoplast and cell wall. Estimations of the total number of such wall/membrane associations yield a number of about 300 per cell.

Emigration of neutrophils in the central nervous system

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 788-789
Author(s):  
John L.Beggs ◽  
John D. Waggener ◽  
Wanda Miller ◽  
Jane Watkins
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Arterial Perfusion ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Intracisternal Injection ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Brain And Spinal Cord ◽  
Interendothelial Junctions

Studies using mesenteric and ear chamber preparations have shown that interendothelial junctions provide the route for neutrophil emigration during inflammation. The term emigration refers to the passage of white blood cells across the endothelium from the vascular lumen. Although the precise pathway of transendo- thelial emigration in the central nervous system (CNS) has not been resolved, the presence of different physiological and morphological (tight junctions) properties of CNS endothelium may dictate alternate emigration pathways.To study neutrophil emigration in the CNS, we induced meningitis in guinea pigs by intracisternal injection of E. coli bacteria.In this model, leptomeningeal inflammation is well developed by 3 hr. After 3 1/2 hr, animals were sacrificed by arterial perfusion with 3% phosphate buffered glutaraldehyde. Tissues from brain and spinal cord were post-fixed in 1% osmium tetroxide, dehydrated in alcohols and propylene oxide, and embedded in Epon. Thin serial sections were cut with diamond knives and examined in a Philips 300 electron microscope.

Use of Uranium-Labeled Antibodies for Electron Microscopic Localization of Various Antigens in Mammalian Cells

1967 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 136-137
Author(s):  
J. P. Petrali ◽  
E. J. Donati ◽  
L. A. Sternberger
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Hela Cells ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Specific Antiserum ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Cytoplasmic Membranes ◽  
Viral Progeny ◽  
Ultrathin Sections ◽  
Electron Microscopic Localization

Specific contrast is conferred to subcellular antigen by applying purified antibodies, exhaustively labeled with uranium under immunospecific protection, to ultrathin sections. Use of Seligman’s principle of bridging osmium to metal via thiocarbohydrazide (TCH) intensifies specific contrast. Ultrathin sections of osmium-fixed materials were stained on the grid by application of 1) thiosemicarbazide (TSC), 2) unlabeled specific antiserum, 3) uranium-labeled anti-antibody and 4) TCH followed by reosmication. Antigens to be localized consisted of vaccinia antigen in infected HeLa cells, lysozyme in monocytes of patients with monocytic or monomyelocytic leukemia, and fibrinogen in the platelets of these leukemic patients. Control sections were stained with non-specific antiserum (E. coli).In the vaccinia-HeLa system, antigen was localized from 1 to 3 hours following infection, and was confined to degrading virus, the inner walls of numerous organelles, and other structures in cytoplasmic foci. Surrounding architecture and cellular mitochondria were unstained. 8 to 14 hours after infection, antigen was localized on the outer walls of the viral progeny, on cytoplasmic membranes, and free in the cytoplasm. Staining of endoplasmic reticulum was intense and focal early, and weak and diffuse late in infection.

Structural similarity of ribosomes from E. coli and A. salina

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 242-243
Author(s):  
M. Boublik ◽  
R.M. Wydro ◽  
W. Hellmann ◽  
F. Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
Ribosomal Proteins ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Structural Similarity ◽  
Carbon Support ◽  
Artemia Salina ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Biological Assays ◽  
E Coli ◽  
And Function ◽  
Fine Carbon

Ribosomes are ribonucleoprotein particles necessary for processing the genetic information of mRNA into proteins. Analogy in composition and function of ribosomes from diverse species, established by biochemical and biological assays, implies their structural similarity. Direct evidence obtained by electron microscopy seems to be of increasing relevance in understanding the structure of ribosomes and the mechanism of their role in protein synthesis.The extent of the structural homology between prokaryotic and eukaryotic ribosomes has been studied on ribosomes of Escherichia coli (E.c.) and Artemia salina (A.s.). Despite the established differences in size and in the amount and proportion of ribosomal proteins and RNAs both types of ribosomes show an overall similarity. The monosomes (stained with 0.5% aqueous uranyl acetate and deposited on a fine carbon support) appear in the electron micrographs as round particles with a diameter of approximately 225Å for the 70S E.c. (Fig. 1) and 260Å for the 80S A.s. monosome (Fig. 2).

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