scholarly journals Relationship Between Prenatal and Perinatal Factors with the Incidence of Mental Retardation Among Children in Padang City 2017

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Marzatia Yulika ◽  
Abdiana Abdiana ◽  
Ulvi Mariati
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Mental Retardation ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Retarded Child ◽  
Mentally Retarded ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Medical Attention ◽  
Perinatal Factors ◽  
Normal Children

Mental retardation is a condition of intellectual function that is below the average before the age of 18 years. Almost 83 million people around the world are estimated to have mental retardation. With 41 million have long term mental disability. Although the main cause of mental retardation is still fully unknown, prenatal and perinatal factors are suspected to be the risk factors for this. This study aims to determine the relationship between prenatal and perinatal factors with the incidence of mental retardation among children in Padang City.This was an observational analytic study with case control design. Population of this study divided into two, the case population ( all mothers of  mentally retarded child) and control population (all mothers of normal children). The sample was 49 people taken by cluster sampling with the comparison case : control (1:1). Data collected by questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using Chi Square.The result of this study showed that there is a significant relationship between prenatal and perinatal factors such as maternal age (OR=8.4; 95% CI 2.8-24.9; P=<0.001), father’s age (OR=2.4; 95% CI 1.1-5.6; P=<0.043), parity (OR=4.01; 95% CI 1.7-9.4; P=<0.002), asphyxia (OR=23.2; 95% CI 2.9-184.1; P=<0.001) and birth weight (OR=9.3; 95% CI 1.1-78.04; P=<0.031) with the incidence of mental retardation. Factors which does not have a significant relationship in this study are hypertension in pregnancy (P=0.617), prematurity (P=0.111) and type of labor (P=0.132).Parents < 20 years old or ≥35 years old and having parity ≥3 would be more at risk to have mentally retarded child. New born with asphyxia and born weight < 2500 grams are also at risk for mental retardationTherefore it is advisable forpeople to avoid the risk of pregnancy by age and medical attention during pregnancy to avoid the occurrence of low birth weight and asphyxia at birth.

scholarly journals Risk Factors for Cerebral Palsy in Brazilian Children: A Case-Control Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcus Valerius da Silva Peixoto ◽  
Andrezza Marques Duque ◽  
Allan Dantas dos Santos ◽  
Shirley Verônica Melo Almeida Lima ◽  
Caíque Jordan Nunes Ribeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Perinatal Factors ◽  
Apgar Scores ◽  
Control Study ◽  
Brazilian Children

ABSTRACTBackgroundCerebral palsy is the main cause of physical disability in childhood.ObjectivesThis study analyzed prenatal and perinatal risk factors that contribute to cerebral palsy in Brazilian children.MethodsA case-control study was conducted with 2- to 10-year-old children in the city of Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil. The cases were population-based, selected from the Primary Health Care services. The controls were selected from the database of the Brazilian Live Births Information System. Controls were paired with cases by gender, year, and hospital of birth.ResultsA total of 570 participants (114 cases and 456 controls) were studied. Most of the participants were male, with bilateral spastic cerebral palsy. Among the prenatal factors examined, the presence of congenital anomalies was significantly different between cases and controls (OR = 54.28, [95% CI 12.55, 234.86]). The analysis of perinatal factors revealed significant differences between cases and controls in low birth weight (OR = 3.8, [95% CI 2.34, 6.16]), preterm birth (OR = 2.31, [95% CI 1.41, 3.80]), and low Apgar scores (OR = 14.73, [95% CI 5.27, 41.15]).ConclusionsThe main prenatal and perinatal factors associated with cerebral palsy in our population were congenital anomalies, low Apgar scores, low birth weight, and preterm birth. The perinatal period had more risk factors, demanding a deeper study of their causes and of possible preventive measures.

scholarly journals Birth weight and other perinatal factors and childhood CNS tumors: A case–control study in California

2013 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 402-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Oksuzyan ◽  
C.M. Crespi ◽  
M. Cockburn ◽  
G. Mezei ◽  
L. Kheifets
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Cns Tumors ◽  
Perinatal Factors ◽  
Control Study

Comparison of Idiom Comprehension of Normal Children and Children With Mental Retardation

1991 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 812-819 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen K. Ezell ◽  
Howard Goldstein
Keyword(s):  
Mental Retardation ◽  
Mentally Retarded ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Receptive Vocabulary ◽  
Mild Mental Retardation ◽  
Normal Children ◽  
Idiom Comprehension ◽  
Picture Stimuli ◽  
Mentally Retarded Children ◽  
Better Than

This study compared the comprehension of 20 idioms of normal children with children exhibiting mild mental retardation. Sixty-six children comprised three groups: normal 9-year-olds, 9-year-old children with mild mental retardation, and younger normal children matched with the mentally retarded children by receptive vocabulary age. The assessment included both literal and idiomatic contexts with accompanying picture stimuli. The three groups demonstrated high accuracy with the literal contexts. On the idiomatic contexts, the normal children comprehended significantly more idioms than the children with mental retardation, and the mentally retarded children performed significantly better than the younger normal children.

scholarly journals Hubungan Faktor Risiko terhadap Kejadian Asma pada Anak di RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adefri Wahyudi ◽  
Finny Fitry Yani ◽  
Erkadius Erkadius
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Perinatal Factors ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Randomized Sampling ◽  
Asthma Risk Factors ◽  
Control Study

AbstrakPrevalensi asma  terus meningkat (5—30% dalam satu dekade terakhir) dan lebih dari 50% penderita saat ini adalah anak-anak. Fenomena ini tidak terlepas dari kompleksitas patogenesis asma yang melibatkan faktor genetik dan lingkungan  yang dimulai sejak masa fetal. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menentukan hubungan antara faktor genetik, demografi, lingkungan, dan perinatal terhadap kejadian asma anak di RSUP Dr. M.. Djamil Padang. Desain penelitian ini adalah case-control study terhadap pasien rawat inap di bangsal anak. Pemilihan sampel menggunakan teknik simple randomized sampling dengan jumlah 78 pasien (39 kasus dan 39 kontrol). Data didapatkan melalui rekam medis subyek penelitian. Analisis data yang digunakan yaitu univariat dan bivariat dengan chi-square. Hasil uji chi-square menunjukkan usia < 5 tahun (p= 0,364), jenis kelamin laki-laki (p=0,255), berat badan lahir rendah (p=0,358), obesitas (p=0,382)  tidak memiliki hubungan bermakna dengan asma anak. Hanya riwayat atopi (p <0,05) yang memiliki hubungan berarti. Riwayat paparan asap rokok dan bulu binatang tidak lengkap; sedangkan  usia gestasional hanya satu kelompok saja sehingga tidak dianalisis. Disimpulkan bahwa tidak terdapat hubungan bermakna antara usia <5 tahun, jenis kelamin laki-laki, prematuritas dan obesitas dengan kejadian asma anak. Hubungan bermakna hanya terdapat pada riwayat atopi dengan kejadian asma anak.Kata kunci: asma anak, faktor risiko, riwayat atopi  AbstractPrevalence of asthma is  still elevating (5—30% at last decade) and more than 50% of asthmatic is children. This phenomenon is predicted correlating with the complexity of pathogenesis of asthma (included genetic, environtment and perinatal factors) that began from fetal-age. The objectives of this study was to deternine the correlation of genetic, demographic, environtment, perinatal factors to asthma in children in RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang. Research design was case-control study. The pediatric patients in RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang were the population. The 78 samples were taken by simple randomized sampling technique (39 cases and 39 controls). The chi-square test showed no correlation among age <5 years old (p=0,364), male for sex (p=0,255), low birth-weight (p=0,358), obesity (p=0,382) to children asthma. The history of atopy (p <0,05) was the only correlation to asthma in RSUP M. Djamil Padang. The data of environtment tobacco smoke and pet’s hair were not completed and prematurity history  just the only grouped in class of gestasional age, so the data were not analyzed. In conclusion, there are no correlation among age <5 years old, male for sex, low birth-weight, and obesity with children asthma. Atopic history is the  only data that has correlation with children ashtma in RSUP M. Djamil Padang. Keywords: children asthma, risk factors, atopic history

PARENTS OF MENTALLY RETARDED CHILDREN: PERSONALITY CHARACTERISTICS AND PHYCOLOGICAL PROBLEMS

1994 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Ali ◽  
A. Al-Shatti
Keyword(s):  
Retarded Child ◽  
Mentally Retarded ◽  
Personality Characteristics ◽  
Eysenck Personality Questionnaire ◽  
Personality Questionnaire ◽  
Normal Children ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Child Counseling ◽  
Mentally Retarded Children ◽  
Neuroticism Scale

This study was designed to assess the personality characteristics and psychological problems of parents of mentally retarded children. Seventy-six parents, whose mean age was 42.12 yr with SD 10.15. 38 of mentally retarded and 38 of normal children, were investigated. A Bengali version of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire was used to measure the psychoticism, neuroticism and extraversion-introversion responses of the parents. Results showed that parents of mentally retarded children had significantly higher scores only on the neuroticism scale, indicating that they were more emotionally unstable than the parents of normal children. The findings were discussed in terms of certain constraining factors associated with having a mentally retarded child. Counseling programmes for these parents should take into account these factors.

scholarly journals Berat badan lahir rendah (BBLR) dengan kejadian stunting pada anak usia 6-24 bulan

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Darwin Nasution ◽  
Detty Siti Nurdiati ◽  
Emy Huriyati
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Socioeconomic Factors ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Sample Selection ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Normal Children ◽  
Under Five

Background: Stunting is one of the main problems of malnutrition often found in under-five children. The impacts include a delay in child’s growth, low endurance, lack of intelligence and productivity. The direct factors that influence the incidence of stunting are low birth weight (LBW) while the indirect factors are socioeconomic factors such as maternal education, low family income and a large number of family members.Objective: To analyze the relationship between LBW and the incidence of stunting in children aged 6-24 months in Yogyakarta Municipality.Method: This was a case-control study. The subjects were children aged 6-24 months with a group of cases comprising stunted children based on the indicator of height/age with a cut-off < -2 SD Z-score and the control group comprising normal children. The number of subjects for the study was 242 with the under-five children’s mothers as the research respondents. The sample selection used non-probability sampling with a consecutive sampling method. The data were analyzed by Chi-Square and multiple logistic regression.Results: The proportion of children 6-24 months who had low birth weight was 15.7 %. There was a significant relationship between LBW and the incidence of stunting in children aged 6-24 months (OR=5.60; 95%CI:2.27 to 15.70). There was a relationship between maternal height and the incidence of stunting in children aged 6-24 months (OR=2.14; 95%CI:1.08 to 4.33). Socioeconomic factors (maternal education, family income and a number of family members) did not have a significant relationship with the incidence of stunting.Conclusion: LBW had a relationship with the incidence of stunting in children aged 6-24 months in Yogyakarta Municipality.

THE INCIDENCE OF CYTOMEGALOVIRUS, HERPES SIMPLEX, RUBELLA, AND TOXOPLASMA ANTIBODIES IN MICROCEPHALIC, MENTALLY RETARDED, AND NORMOCEPHALIC CHILDREN

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 932-939
Author(s):  
John Baron ◽  
Leona Youngblood ◽  
Christiane M. F. Siewers ◽  
Donald N. Medearis
Keyword(s):  
Mental Retardation ◽  
Herpes Simplex ◽  
Mentally Retarded ◽  
Cmv Infection ◽  
Normal Children ◽  
Congenital Cmv Infection ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Simplex Virus ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Congenital Cmv

The cause of most microcephaly is unknown. Hanshaw's observation that 44% of microcephalics had cytomegalovirus (CMV) complement fixing (CF) antibody (Ab) suggested that inapparent congenital CMV (and other) infections might be a significant cause. Accordingly, sera from non-institutionalized microcephalic, mentally retarded normocephalic, and normal children were tested for cytomegalovirus and herpes simplex virus (HSV) complement fixing, rubella hemagglutination inhibition (HI), and toxoplasma dye test antibodies in an effort to determine whether there was a significant association between infection with these agents and microcephaly or mental retardation. Eight of 62 (13%) microcephalic children who were from 5 months to 5 years of age had titers of CMV CF Ab equal to or greater than 1:10. Four of 26 (15%) mentally retarded normocephalic children were seropositive to CMV, and two of 44 (5%) normal normocephalic children were seropositive. These differences are not statistically significant. In the age range 5 months to 5 years, 9 of 62 (15%) microcephalic, 9 of 26 (15%) normocephalic mentally retarded, and 4 of 44 (9%) normal normocephalic children were seropositive to HSV CF Ab. In the group 5 months to 5 years old tested for rubella HI Ab, 11 or 61 (18%) microcephalic, 2 of 25 (8%) normocephalic mentally retarded, and 6 of 38 (16%) normal normocephalic children were found to be seropositive. Three of 61 (5%) microcephalic, 2 of 26 (8%) mentally retarded normocephalic, and 3 of 42 (7%) normal normocephalic children from 5 months to 5 years had Ab to toxoplasma. There was no statistically significant association of evidence of infection with these three organisms and microcephaly. The authors speculate that inapparent congenital CMV infection can cause microcephaly and mental retardation without microcephaly, but that this infection causes only a small proportion of these conditions.

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