Forage productivity of smooth brome grass mixtures under the application of growth regulators

2021 ◽  
pp. 9-15
Author(s):  
В.Г. Васин ◽  
М.С. Кригер ◽  
С.А. Васин
Keyword(s):  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Energy Yield ◽  
Protein Accumulation ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Smooth Brome ◽  
Arable Farming ◽  
Brome Grass

Исследования проведены в 2019–2020 годах в экспериментальном севообороте научно-исследовательской лаборатории «Корма» кафедры «Растениеводство и земледелие» Самарского ГАУ. В статье представлены данные по кормовой продуктивности травосмесей костреца безостого с кострецом прямым, бобовыми травами и черноголовником многобрачным при применении стимуляторов «Матрица роста» и «Гуми-20М». В состав исследуемых травосмесей входили эспарцет песчаный, люцерна посевная и лядвенец рогатый. Посев проведён в мае 2015 года. Исследование охватывало фазу вымётывания костреца безостого и прямого и цветения бобовых, во время которой оценивалась урожайность, определялся химический состав травостоев (особое внимание уделялось содержанию протеина и динамике его изменения), а также проводился учёт кормовых достоинств (накопления сухого вещества, переваримого протеина и выхода обменной энергии). Высокую продуктивность формировали трёх- и четырёхкомпонентные травостои с эспарцетом песчаным и люцерной посевной. Травостои с лядвенцем рогатым обеспечивали максимальные показатели. Наблюдалось отчётливое увеличение всех изучаемых показателей при добавлении бобового компонента. Продуктивность обработанных стимуляторами травосмесей была, как правило, больше, чем в контрольном варианте. Минимальную продуктивность формировали смеси, в которых присутствовали только злаковые компоненты и которые не обрабатывались стимуляторами роста. Также выявлено, что содержание протеина в травостоях с бобовым компонентом было выше, чем в травостоях с мятликовыми культурами, обработка посевов стимуляторами способствовала повышению протеина. Анализ доли компонентов в травостоях показал, что злаковый компонент преобладал над бобовым, однако в некоторых вариантах наблюдалось преобладание эспарцета и люцерны над злаками. Наименьшую долю в травостое составляли лядвенец рогатый и черноголовник многобрачный. Зависимости процентного соотношения компонентов от варианта обработки выявлено не было. The investigation took place at the laboratory “Korma“ of the Samara State Agrarian University (the department of Crop Production and Arable farming) in 2019–2020. The article reports on the productivity of grass mixtures of smooth brome with erect brome, legumes and fodder burnet under the application of growth regulators “Matritsa rosta“ and “Gumi-20M“. The mixtures also contained hungarian sainfoin, alfalfa and birdʼs-foot trefoil. Crops were planted in May 2015. Crops were tested at the heading or flowering stages. The following traits were analyzed: productivity, chemical composition, dry matter content, crude protein and exchange energy yield. The dynamics of protein accumulation was studied. Three- and four-component grass mixtures with hungarian sainfoin and alfalfa showed the highest productivity. Mixtures with birdʼs-foot trefoil performed the best. Introduction of legumes into swards positively affected all the traits studied. Generally, the application of growth regulators resulted in higher productivity. Gramineous mixtures had the lowest productivity under no treatment. Swards with legumes provided more protein. The treatment with growth regulators increased protein concentration. Gramineous dominated legumes, however, in some variants hungarian sainfoin and alfalfa were predominant. Birdʼs-foot trefoil and fodder burnet had the smallest share in swords. There was no significant correlation between mixture composition and treatments.

Plant factors influencing the nutritive value of some temperate annual pasture species

1973 ◽  
Vol 13 (63) ◽  
pp. 404 ◽  
Author(s):  
JG McIvor ◽  
DF Smith
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Growth Cycle ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Hordeum Leporinum ◽  
Brome Grass

Changes in herbage production, dry matter content, nitrogen content and in vitro digestibility of two sown species-subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum) and annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) - and five common volunteer species-capeweed (Arctotheca calendula), musky crowfoot (Erodium moschatum), barley grass (Hordeum leporinum), ripgut brome grass (Bromus rigidus) and soft brome grass (Bromus mollis)-were measured throughout their growth cycle. The volunteer species compared favourably with the sown species for these measurements and should be capable of providing nutritious grazing for animals.

scholarly journals ABIOTIC STRESSORS AND THEIR EFFECT ON THE ACCUMULATION OF ASSIMILATES BY PLANTS AND THE YIELD OF VEGETABLE PEA

2019 ◽  
Vol 180 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. V. Putina ◽  
A. G. Besedin
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Initial Period ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Abiotic Stressors ◽  
The Common

Background. Abiotic stressors, such as prolonged dry conditions, oversupply or lack of moisture, frost, etc., are spontaneous, and their impact causes significant damage to plants. This is also true for the common and leafless morphotypes of vegetable pea, which are most widely used in large-scale crop production.Objectives. Eleven cultivars with leaves of  the usual type (common morphotype) and 6 semi-leafless ones (leafless morphotype) were studied.Materials and methods. The experiments were performed on the breeding fields of Krymsk Experiment Breeding Station of VIR (Krasnodar Territory, 2015–2016). The plot area was 10 m2. There were 3 replications. Dry matter content was measured by drying the aerial parts of plants (axial organs, foliar apparatus [leaf, stipules], flowers, unripe beans, pod valves, grain) to constant dry matter at 105°C. Dry matter contents were compared using the t-test. Multifactorial analysis of variance (MANOVA, LSD test) was used to assess the yield of vegetable pea cultivars.Results. Vegetable pea plants are subject to the negative effect of abiotic stressors. With excessive moisture in the initial period of growth, there was a decrease in the accumulation of dry matter in plants. A similar effect is exerted by long absence of precipitation during the growth period of vegetable pea plants from the phase of 2–3 leaves to technical ripeness. The effect of weather conditions during cultivation on the yield of vegetable peas was estimated at 13.3%; and the interaction of the genotype٭environment factors, at 33.3%.Conclusion. No significant differences were observed between the groups of common leafy cultivars and semi-leafless ones in the content of dry matter in the aboveground biomass of plants and the yield. During the two years of research, the cultivars that exceeded the reference in yield were identified: ‘Prima’ (i-155213, Russia) and ‘Ambassador’ (k-9946, Germany), both belonging to the common morphotype.

scholarly journals Effect of Plant Growth Regulators on Leaf Number, Leaf Area and Leaf Dry Matter in Grape

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahoor Ahmad BHAT ◽  
Rizwan RASHID ◽  
Javid Ahmad BHAT
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Leaf Number ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Seedless Grape

Influence of phenylureas (CPPU) and brassinosteriod (BR) along with GA (gibberellic acid) were studied on seedless grape vegetative characteristics like leaf number, leaf area and leaf dry matter. Growth regulators were sprayed on the vines either once (7 days after fruit set or 15 days after fruit set) or twice (7+15 days after fruit set). CPPU 2 ppm+BR 0.4 ppm+GA 25 ppm produced maximum number of leaves (18.78) while as untreated vines produced least leaf number (16.22) per shoot. Maximum leaf area (129.70 cm2) and dry matter content (26.51%) was obtained with higher CPPU (3 ppm) and BR (0.4 ppm) combination along with GA 25 ppm. Plant growth regulators whether naturally derived or synthetic are used to improve the productivity and quality of grapes. The relatively high value of grapes justifies more expensive inputs. A relatively small improvement in yield or fruit quality can justify the field application of a very costly product. Application of new generation growth regulators like brassinosteroids and phenylureas like CPPU have been reported to increase the leaf number as well as leaf area and dry matter thereby indirectly influencing the fruit yield and quality in grapes.

scholarly journals Effect of Different Application Methods of Zinc and Boron on Growth and Yield of Cabbage

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafia Hasan Taheri ◽  
Md. Shipon Miah ◽  
Md. Golam Rabbani ◽  
Md. Abdur Rahim
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Soil Application ◽  
Application Methods

Zinc and boron are the most important trace nutrients for crop production. In recent years, cultivable lands in Bangladesh suffer deficiency of these elements. This research aimed to find out a suitable and effective application method to improve the overall soil nutrient up-gradation for crop production. Here, the treatments were control (T0), soil application of zinc (T1), soil application of boron (T2), foliar application of zinc (T3), foliar application of boron (T4), soil application of zinc and boron (T5), soil application of zinc with foliar application of boron (T6), soil application of boron with foliar application of zinc (T7), and foliar application of zinc and boron (T8). The source of zinc @ 3 kg ha-1 and boron @ 2 kg ha-1 as a basal dose were zinc sulphate and borax, respectively. The foliar application of zinc and boron was done at 45 and 60 days after transplanting @ 1% and the source were chelated zinc and solubor boron, respectively. The result of the experiment was concerning the highest plant height, plant spreading, the number of leaves, stem length, stem diameter, fresh weight of loose leaves, head diameter, head thickness, dry matter content of head, and yield. The highest yield of cabbage was found with the treatment foliar application of zinc and boron (T8). The results of this investigation revealed that the application methods of zinc and boron positively affect the growth and yield of cabbage whereas foliar application of these nutrients always makes higher growth parameters with yield.

scholarly journals Investigation of the Biomass and Nutrient Content of Green Manuring Plants as Second Crops in Hungary

2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Peter MIKO ◽  
Gergo KOVACS ◽  
Istvan BALLA ◽  
Laszlo VASA ◽  
Csaba GYURICZA
Keyword(s):  
Green Manure ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Macro Elements ◽  
The Given

The growth, and the development and trends of the nutrient content parameters of three different plant species (Phacelia tanacecifolia,Sinapis alba, Raphanus sativus) grown as secondary crops for green manure, as a function of two different fertiliser doses (0 kg/ha N; 50kg/ha N), was studied under unfavourable site conditions at the Crop Production and Biomass Utilisation Demonstration Centre of theSzent István University, Gödöllő, Hungary. The application of the small, 50 kg/ha dose of nitrogen increased the biomass yield in eachcase, to 2.78-3.11 times that of the control field. The dry matter content of the produce increased only by 2.11-2.66 times, as the watercontent of the green manure plants also increased as a result of the nitrogen supplement. The increased amount of nitrogen boosted theavailability of all of the other macro elements for the plants. In view of the present findings it can be recommend the application of somenitrogen fertiliser in the given site before growing some crop for use as green manure in all cases but where the straw after cereals is left onthe soil surface nitrogen should be applied to alleviate the pentosan effect and to increase the uptake of macro elements.

Optimum harvest date of maize for biogas and silage purposes

2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-125
Author(s):  
G. Hadi
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Harvest Date ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Vegetative Organs

The dry matter and moisture contents of the aboveground vegetative organs and kernels of four maize hybrids were studied in Martonvásár at five harvest dates, with four replications per hybrid. The dry matter yield per hectare of the kernels and other plant organs were investigated in order to obtain data on the optimum date of harvest for the purposes of biogas and silage production.It was found that the dry mass of the aboveground vegetative organs, both individually and in total, did not increase after silking. During the last third of the ripening period, however, a significant reduction in the dry matter content was sometimes observed as a function of the length of the vegetation period. The data suggest that, with the exception of extreme weather conditions or an extremely long vegetation period, the maximum dry matter yield could be expected to range from 22–42%, depending on the vegetation period of the variety. The harvest date should be chosen to give a kernel moisture content of above 35% for biogas production and below 35% for silage production. In this phenophase most varieties mature when the stalks are still green, so it is unlikely that transport costs can be reduced by waiting for the vegetative mass to dry.

Persistence of modern varieties and hybrids of carrots and its dependence on the biochemical composition

2020 ◽  
pp. 16-19
Author(s):  
Е.В. Янченко
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
White Rot ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Modern Varieties

Цель исследований – дать оценку сохраняемости и болезнеустойчивости современных сортов и гибридов моркови столовой и определить корреляционные зависимости влияния биохимических показателей качества на сохраняемость и степень поражения моркови столовой различными видами болезней в процессе хранения. Исследования проводились в 2011–2016 годах во ВНИИО – филиале ФГБНУ ФНЦО по общепринятым методикам. В биохимической лаборатории отдела земледелия и агрохимии содержание сухого вещества определяли высушиванием до абсолютно сухого веса, общего сахара – по Бертрану, аскорбиновой кислоты – по Мурри, нитраты – ионоселективным методом. При характеристике моркови столовой важнейший показатель, определяющий его качество – количество сухого вещества и сахаров. В процессе хранения были выявлены следующие болезни моркови: серая гниль (Botrytis cinerea Pers. ex Fr.), белая гниль (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.)), белая парша (Rhizoctonia carotae Rad.), альтернариоз (Alternaria radicina M., Dr. et E.). В большей степени сортообразцы моркови столовой поражались серой гнилью. Лучшими по сохраняемости сортообразцами были Корсар (94,6%), F1Берлин (94,5%), Берликум Роял (94,1%) и F1 Звезда (94%). Сохраняемость у зарубежных сортов и гибридов моркови столовой была немного выше, чем у отечественных (на 0,4%) как за счет меньшей величины убыли массы (6,3% против 6,4%), так и потерь от болезней (1,6% против 1,9%). Сохраняемость корнеплодов моркови находится в прямой корреляционной зависимости от содержания сухого вещества (r=+0,41), каротиноидов (r=+0,39), моносахаров (r­=+0,30) и суммы сахаров (r=+0,27). Проявление серой гнили находится в обратной корреляционной связи с содержанием сухого вещества и каротиноидов (r=-0,37 и r=-0,35 соответственно), белой парши – в прямой корреляции с содержанием сухого вещества , моносахаров и дисахаров (r= +0,21; r= +0,39; r= -0,41 соответственно), белой гнили в обратной корреляционной связи с содержанием сухого вещества, моносахаров и дисахаров. The purpose of the research is to assess the persistence and disease resistance of modern varieties and hybrids of carrots and to determine the correlation between the influence of biochemical quality indicators on the persistence and degree of damage to carrots by various types of diseases during storage. The research was conducted in 2011–2016 at ARRIVG – branch of FSBSI FSVC, according to generally accepted methods. In the biochemical laboratory of the Department of Agriculture and Agrochemistry, the dry matter content was determined by drying to absolutely dry weight, total sugar – by Bertran, ascorbic acid – by Murri, nitrates – by the ion-selective method. When describing carrots, the most important indicator that determines its quality is the amount of dry matter and sugars. During storage, the following diseases of carrots were detected: gray rot (Botrytis cinerea Pers. ex Fr.), white rot (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.), white scab (Rhizoctonia carotae Rad.), alternariasis (Alternaria radicina M., Dr. et E.). To a greater extent, varieties of table carrots were affected by gray rot. The best preserved varieties were Corsar (94.6%), F1 Berlin (94.5%), Berlicum Royal (94.1%) and F1 Zvezda (94%). The persistence of foreign varieties and hybrids of table carrots was slightly higher than that of domestic ones by 0.4%. both due to a smaller amount of weight loss (6.3% vs. 6.4%) and losses from diseases (1.6% vs. 1.9%). The persistence of carrot root crops is directly correlated with the content of dry matter (r=+0.41), carotenoids (r=+0.39), monosaccharides (r=+0.30) and the amount of sugars (r=+0.27). The manifestation of gray rot is in inverse correlation with the content of dry matter and carotenoids (r=-0.37 and r=-0.35, respectively), white scab is in direct correlation with the content of dry matter (r= +0.21; r= +0.39; r= –0.41, respectively), white rot is in inverse correlation with the content of dry matter, monosaccharides and disaccharides.

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