“Variable” refers to the heterogeneousclinicalmanifestations of thisdisorder, which can include: recurrentinfections,
chroniclungdisease, autoimmune disorders, also involve varioussegments of the gastrointestinaltract and a
heightenedsusceptibility to lymphoma. Itis a primaryimmunodeficiencythataffects 1 in 50,000 peopleworldwide.
Itischaracterized by reducedimmunoglobulinserumlevels and absent or impairedantibody production. The pathogenic
of CVID isnotknown; however, therehavebeennumerousassociatedlaboratoryfindingsincludingnumerousmutations
in the genesresult in dysfunctional B cells. The mostfrequentmutationsoccur in the TNFRSF13B gene.
Genesthathavebeenimplicated in monogenic CVID include ICOS, TNFRSF13B (TACI), TNFRSF13C (BAFF-R),
TNFSF12 (TWEAK), CD19, CD81, CR2 (CD21), MS4A1 (CD20), TNFRSF7 (CD27), IL21, IL21R, LRBA, CTLA4,
PRKCD, PLCG2, NFKB1, NFKB2, PIK3CD, PIK3R1, VAV1, RAC2, BLK, IKZF1 (IKAROS) and IRF2BP2 [1]. In
addition, thereisevidence of complexinheritanceratherthan a monogenic CVID.