scholarly journals Isoflavones Protective Mechanisms Against Cardiovascular Diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 4670-4675
Author(s):  
Vadivelan Ramachandran ◽  
Raju Bairi ◽  
Kalirajan Rajagopal ◽  
Manogaran Elumalai
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Estrogen Receptors ◽  
The United States ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Protective Mechanisms ◽  
Cellular Targets ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
United States Food ◽  
Estrogenic Action

Isoflavones are polyphenolic compounds and a class of phytoestrogens naturally present in plants belongs to legume family and also quantified in fruits, vegetables and beverages.Soybean is rich source of isoflavones. Their chemical structure is similar to endogenously available female reproductive hormonal substance estradiol,and cellular targets are estrogen receptors. After bind to the estrogen receptors isoflavones exert estrogenic and anti-estrogenic action based upon circulatory levels of estradiol. Cardiovascular diseases are leading cause of death in most of the developing countries and they may occur due to the structural and functional changes in either cardiac muscle or smooth muscle of the vasculature and both. Common cardiac diseases are heart attack, coronary heart disease, hyperlipidaemia, angina pectoris, hypertension. Many epidemiological studies data revealing that consumption of soy protein and soy enriched diet correlate with preventive chances of cardiovascular disease. The United States Food and Drug Administration (USFDA) and other countries declared that everyday consumption of food enriched soy along with low fat may decrease the risk of cardiovascular disease. In this review we attempt the mechanism based cardioprotection of isoflavones in different cardiovascular diseases.

Subclinical Hypothyroidism as a Risk Factor for Cardiovascular Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 2748-2752
Author(s):  
Roman Evgenyevich Tokmachev ◽  
Andrey Valerievich Budnevsky ◽  
Andrey Yakovlevich Kravchenko ◽  
Tatiana Alexandrovna Chernik ◽  
Sudakov Oleg Valerievich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Subclinical Hypothyroidism ◽  
Thyroid Dysfunction ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Cardiovascular Disorders ◽  
The World

Nowadays, more than 485 million people in the world suffer from cardiovascular diseases (CVD). According to large epidemiological studies, the group of CVD is the leading cause of death in the world. One of the neurohumoral mechanisms that appears to be a risk factor for CVD is thyroid dysfunction. In this regard, in recent years, more and more attention is paid to the study the influence of subclinical hypothyroidism on the occurrence and development of cardiovascular disorders. MeSH words: cardiovascular diseases, subclinical hypothyroidism

Cardiac and vascular ageing

2017 ◽  
pp. 729-736
Author(s):  
Hidetaka Ota ◽  
Masahiro Akishita
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Chronic Heart Failure ◽  
Left Ventricular Hypertrophy ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Healthy Humans ◽  
Vascular Ageing

There is a continuum of expression of cardiac structural and functional alterations that occurs with ageing in healthy humans, and these age-associated cardiac changes seem to be relevant to the increase in left ventricular hypertrophy, chronic heart failure, and arrhythmia that are commonly observed with increasing age. This chapter describes the structural and functional changes in the ageing process of the heart and blood vessels, and provides an overview of representative cardiovascular disease caused by ageing including hypertension, atherosclerosis, and heart failure. In addition, an outline of interventions that have be utilized to prevent and treat ageing related cardiovascular diseases is provided.

scholarly journals Molecular mechanisms of cardiomyocyte aging

2011 ◽  
Vol 121 (8) ◽  
pp. 315-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Sheydina ◽  
Daniel R. Riordon ◽  
Kenneth R. Boheler
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Cellular Changes ◽  
Signalling Cascades ◽  
Time Changes ◽  
And Function

Western societies are rapidly aging, and cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death. In fact, age and cardiovascular diseases are positively correlated, and disease syndromes affecting the heart reach epidemic proportions in the very old. Genetic variations and molecular adaptations are the primary contributors to the onset of cardiovascular disease; however, molecular links between age and heart syndromes are complex and involve much more than the passage of time. Changes in CM (cardiomyocyte) structure and function occur with age and precede anatomical and functional changes in the heart. Concomitant with or preceding some of these cellular changes are alterations in gene expression often linked to signalling cascades that may lead to a loss of CMs or reduced function. An understanding of the intrinsic molecular mechanisms underlying these cascading events has been instrumental in forming our current understanding of how CMs adapt with age. In the present review, we describe the molecular mechanisms underlying CM aging and how these changes may contribute to the development of cardiovascular diseases.

Screening Asymptomatic Subjects

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fadi G. Hage ◽  
Ayman Farag ◽  
Gilbert J. Zoghbi
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
The United States ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Exercise Stress ◽  
Risk Scores ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Global Risk ◽  
Screening Programs

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the United States and accounts for more deaths than all cancers combined. Many apparently healthy adults first present to the health system with a myocardial infarction or sudden cardiac death. It is therefore imperative to assess the risk of cardiovascular events among currently asymptomatic individuals to try and intervene early in the disease process to prevent future events. Risk factors for the development of coronary artery disease in particular, and cardiovascular disease in general, have been identified from epidemiological studies and used to develop global risk scores to risk stratify populations. Although these scores work well at the level of the population, unfortunately they are imperfect at estimating risk at the level of the individual. In this Chapter we will discuss the use of exercise stress testing and other imaging modalities as screening methods for the detection of coronary disease and predicting risk in asymptomatic adults. The hope is to develop a screening program to identify cardiovascular disease early in the disease process to introduce interventions that will favorably impact outcomes in a manner similar to the current screening programs available for several cancers.

scholarly journals Cereal Lignans, Natural Compounds of Interest for Human Health?

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1701200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabella Zanella ◽  
Giorgio Biasiotto ◽  
Finn Holm ◽  
Diego di Lorenzo
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Estrogen Receptors ◽  
Nuclear Receptors ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Biological Mechanisms ◽  
Receptor Modulators ◽  
Regular Intake

Cereals are suggested to be the most important sources of lignan in the diets of western populations. Recent epidemiological studies show that European subpopulations in which the major source of lignans are cereals, display lower disease frequency regarding metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. The biological mechanisms of lignan are several. Beyond their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions at nutritional doses some lignans regulate the activity of specific nuclear receptors (NRs), such as the estrogen receptors (ERs), and also NRs that are central switches in glucose and fatty acid metabolism such as PPARα, PPARγ and LXRs, highlighting them as selective nuclear receptor modulators (SNRMs). These include enterodiol (END) and enterolactone (ENL), the metabolites produced by the gut microbiota from food lignans. The available knowledge suggests that given some additional research it should be possible to make ‘function' claims for a regular intake of lignans-rich foods related to maintaining a healthy metabolism.

scholarly journals Clocks, Rhythms, Sex, and Hearts: How Disrupted Circadian Rhythms, Time-of-Day, and Sex Influence Cardiovascular Health

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 883
Author(s):  
O. Hecmarie Meléndez-Fernández ◽  
James C. Walton ◽  
A. Courtney DeVries ◽  
Randy J. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Circadian Rhythms ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Biological Rhythms ◽  
Cardiovascular Function ◽  
The United States ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
And Behavior

Cardiovascular diseases are the top cause of mortality in the United States, and ischemic heart disease accounts for 16% of all deaths around the world. Modifiable risk factors such as diet and exercise have often been primary targets in addressing these conditions. However, mounting evidence suggests that environmental factors that disrupt physiological rhythms might contribute to the development of these diseases, as well as contribute to increasing other risk factors that are typically associated with cardiovascular disease. Exposure to light at night, transmeridian travel, and social jetlag disrupt endogenous circadian rhythms, which, in turn, alter carefully orchestrated bodily functioning, and elevate the risk of disease and injury. Research into how disrupted circadian rhythms affect physiology and behavior has begun to reveal the intricacies of how seemingly innocuous environmental and social factors have dramatic consequences on mammalian physiology and behavior. Despite the new focus on the importance of circadian rhythms, and how disrupted circadian rhythms contribute to cardiovascular diseases, many questions in this field remain unanswered. Further, neither time-of-day nor sex as a biological variable have been consistently and thoroughly taken into account in previous studies of circadian rhythm disruption and cardiovascular disease. In this review, we will first discuss biological rhythms and the master temporal regulator that controls these rhythms, focusing on the cardiovascular system, its rhythms, and the pathology associated with its disruption, while emphasizing the importance of the time-of-day as a variable that directly affects outcomes in controlled studies, and how temporal data will inform clinical practice and influence personalized medicine. Finally, we will discuss evidence supporting the existence of sex differences in cardiovascular function and outcomes following an injury, and highlight the need for consistent inclusion of both sexes in studies that aim to understand cardiovascular function and improve cardiovascular health.

scholarly journals Ponesimod oral therapy for the treatment of relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis in adults and its precautions in cardiovascular disease patients

2021 ◽  
pp. 248-252
Author(s):  
Mohammed Alrouji
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Heart Failure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Oral Therapy ◽  
Decompensated Heart Failure ◽  
The United States ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
United States Food ◽  
Sphingosine 1 Phosphate ◽  
Ischemic Attack

The ponesimod oral therapy was approved in March 2021 by the United States Food and Drug Administration for relapsing forms multiple sclerosis (MS). Ponesimod is a sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) receptor 1 modulator that acts selectively as an anti- inflammatory agent and provides a suitable microenvironment for the function of the other neuroprotective agents. Ponesimod is contraindicated in patients who in the last 6 months, have experienced myocardial infarction, unstable angina, stroke, transient ischemic attack (TIA), decompensated heart failure requiring hospitalization, or Class III or IV heart failure. Also contraindicated in patients who have the presence of Mobitz type II second-degree, third-degree atrioventricular (AV) block, sick sinus syndrome, or sino-atrial block, unless the patient has a functioning pacemaker. This article briefs the information about dosage, precautions and warnings required in cardiovascular disease patients before initiation of ponesimod oral therapy.

scholarly journals (In)activity-related neuroplasticity in brainstem control of sympathetic outflow: unraveling underlying molecular, cellular, and anatomical mechanisms

2015 ◽  
Vol 309 (2) ◽  
pp. H235-H243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas A. Mischel ◽  
Madhan Subramanian ◽  
Maryetta D. Dombrowski ◽  
Ida J. Llewellyn-Smith ◽  
Patrick J. Mueller
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
The United States ◽  
Voluntary Exercise ◽  
Ventrolateral Medulla ◽  
Sympathetic Outflow ◽  
Epidemic Size ◽  
Preventable Risk Factor

More people die as a result of physical inactivity than any other preventable risk factor including smoking, high cholesterol, and obesity. Cardiovascular disease, the number one cause of death in the United States, tops the list of inactivity-related diseases. Nevertheless, the vast majority of Americans continue to make lifestyle choices that are creating a rapidly growing burden of epidemic size and impact on the United States healthcare system. It is imperative that we improve our understanding of the mechanisms by which physical inactivity increases the incidence of cardiovascular disease and how exercise can prevent or rescue the inactivity phenotype. The current review summarizes research on changes in the brain that contribute to inactivity-related cardiovascular disease. Specifically, we focus on changes in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM), a critical brain region for basal and reflex control of sympathetic activity. The RVLM is implicated in elevated sympathetic outflow associated with several cardiovascular diseases including hypertension and heart failure. We hypothesize that changes in the RVLM contribute to chronic cardiovascular disease related to physical inactivity. Data obtained from our translational rodent models of chronic, voluntary exercise and inactivity suggest that functional, anatomical, and molecular neuroplasticity enhances glutamatergic neurotransmission in the RVLM of sedentary animals. Collectively, the evidence presented here suggests that changes in the RVLM resulting from sedentary conditions are deleterious and contribute to cardiovascular diseases that have an increased prevalence in sedentary individuals. The mechanisms by which these changes occur over time and their impact are important areas for future study.

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