scholarly journals The ``attack-defense'' game with restrictions on the intake capacity of points

2020 ◽  
pp. 78-92
Author(s):  
Александр Геннадьевич Перевозчиков ◽  
Валерий Юрьевич Решетов ◽  
Александра Ильинична Лесик
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Minimax Problems ◽  
Game Model ◽  
Defense Model ◽  
Upper Estimate ◽  
The Military ◽  
Gross Model

Работа обобщает игру «нападение-оборона» Ю.Б.Гермейера в части учета пропускной способности пунктов и основана на его обобщенном принципе уравнивания, что приводит в случае однородности ресурсов сторон к выпуклым минимаксным задачам, которые могут быть решены методом субградиентного спуска. Классическая модель «нападение-оборона» Ю.Б.Гермейера является модификацией модели О.Гросса. В работе В.Ф. Огарышева исследована игровая модель, обобщающая модели Гросса и Гермейера. В работе Д.А. Молодцова изучалась модель Гросса с непротивоположными интересами сторон, в работах Т.Н.Данильченко, К.К. Масевич и Б.П.Крутова - динамические расширения модели. В военных моделях пункты интерпретируются обычно как направления и характеризуют пространственное распределение ресурсов защиты по ширине. Однако реально имеют место также ограничения по пропускной способности пунктов (направлений). Это приводит в случае однородных ресурсов к минимаксным задачам для определения гарантированного результата (НГР) обороны. Получена точная верхняя оценка для НГР обороны, которая показывает потенциальные возможности обороны с учетом пропускной способности пунктов (направлений). The work generalizes the Germeier’s "attack-defense" game in terms of accounting for the intake capacity of points and is based on his generalized equalization principle, which leads to convex minimax problems that can be solved by subgradient descent in the case of homogeneity of the parties' resources. The classical Germeier’s "attack-defense" model is a modification of the Gross’ model. The game model that generalizes Gross’ model and Germeier’s model was studied by Ogaryshev. Molodtsov studied the Gross’s model with nonantagonistic interests of the parties; Danilchenko, Masevich and Krutova studied the dynamic extensions of the model. In the military models the points are usually interpreted as directions and characterize the spatial distribution of defense resources by width. However, there are also actual restrictions on the intake capacity of points. This leads, in the case of homogeneous resources, to minimax problems for determining the best guaranteed defense result (BGDR). An accurate upper estimate for the best guaranteed defense result was obtained, which shows the potential defense capabilities taking into account the intake capacity of points.

The Military Scientific Infrastructure and Regional Development

1987 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 1631-1658 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Wells
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Regional Development ◽  
High Technology ◽  
Technology Industry ◽  
High Technology Industry ◽  
Military Facilities ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Military ◽  
Scientific Infrastructure

In this paper the distribution and functional interlinkages of those state military facilities concerned with research and development are related to the spatial distribution of the UK high-technology industry and to the issue of uneven regional development.

scholarly journals The ''attack-defense'' model on networks with the initial residuals of the parties

2021 ◽  
pp. 68-81
Author(s):  
Александр Геннадьевич Перевозчиков ◽  
Валерий Юрьевич Решетов ◽  
Александра Ильинична Лесик
Keyword(s):  
Network Structure ◽  
Minimax Problems ◽  
Descent Method ◽  
Defense Model

Статья обобщает игру «нападение-оборона», имеющую сетевую структуру, в части учета начальных остатков ресурсов сторон и основана на работе R. Hohzaki, V. Tanaka. В отличие от последней, оборона на каждом из возможных направлений движения между вершинами сети, заданных ориентированными ребрами, может иметь ненулевые начальные остатки ресурсов сторон, что приводит в общем случае к выпуклым минимаксным задачам, которые могут быть решены методом субградиентного спуска. В частности, изучаемая модель обобщает игру «нападение-оборона» с начальными остатками, предложенную В.Ф.Огарышевым, на сетевой случай. The article generalizes the "attack-defense" game with the network structure, in terms of accounting for the initial residuals of the parties' resources and is based on the work by Hohzaki and Tanaka. In contrast to the latter, the defense on each of the possible movement directions between the network’s vertices, given by the oriented edges, can have nonzero initial residuals of the parties' resources, which generally leads to convex minimax problems that can be solved by the subgradient descent method. In particular, the model under study generalizes the "attack-defense" game with initial residuals, proposed by Ogaryshev, to the network case.

scholarly journals Calculation of resources and an efficiency analysis of strategies in a game model of confrontation

2020 ◽  
pp. 251-258
Author(s):  
М.А. Мусаева
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Efficiency Analysis ◽  
Game Model ◽  
Existence Conditions ◽  
Defense Model ◽  
Attack And Defense

Сформулирована игровая модель противоборства в виде модели "нападение и защита", указаны способы вычисления ресурсов сторон, анализированы эффективность их стратегий и установлены условия существования оптимального решения рассматриваемых задач. A game model of confrontation is formulated in the form of an attack and defense model, methods for calculating the resources of the confrontation parties are discussed, their efficiency is analyzed, and the existence conditions are given for an optimal solution to the considering problems.

II. The Pre-Flavian Military Belt: the Evidence from Britain

Archaeologia ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 109 ◽  
pp. 47-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis Grew ◽  
Nick Griffiths
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Museum Collections ◽  
The South ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Military

The fittings from the military belt—heavy semicircular buckles with inturned scrolls and rectangular mounts with relief or niello decoration—are common finds at Colchester, Hod Hill, Richborough and other early Roman sites in Britain. Identical pieces have been recovered in even greater numbers from the contemporary forts and fortresses along the Rhine and Danube frontiers. Although well known (Ritterling 1913, 148–55; Webster 1969, 122–3), they have yet to be studied and published as a group, a process which would yield valuable information about their spatial distribution, the relative popularity of different decorative schemes and, possibly, about the centres of manufacture. The following is a synthesis and discussion of the British finds only (fig. 1); it is based on a thorough search both of the published literature and of museum collections, particularly those in the south of England and the Midlands.

Lithography below 100 nm

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 96-99
Author(s):  
L. D. Jackel
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
Electron Scattering ◽  
Electron Beam Lithography ◽  
Substrate Material ◽  
Local Electron ◽  
Electron Dose ◽  
Positive Resist ◽  
Exposure Process

Most production electron beam lithography systems can pattern minimum features a few tenths of a micron across. Linewidth in these systems is usually limited by the quality of the exposing beam and by electron scattering in the resist and substrate. By using a smaller spot along with exposure techniques that minimize scattering and its effects, laboratory e-beam lithography systems can now make features hundredths of a micron wide on standard substrate material. This talk will outline sane of these high- resolution e-beam lithography techniques.We first consider parameters of the exposure process that limit resolution in organic resists. For concreteness suppose that we have a “positive” resist in which exposing electrons break bonds in the resist molecules thus increasing the exposed resist's solubility in a developer. Ihe attainable resolution is obviously limited by the overall width of the exposing beam, but the spatial distribution of the beam intensity, the beam “profile” , also contributes to the resolution. Depending on the local electron dose, more or less resist bonds are broken resulting in slower or faster dissolution in the developer.

SEM evaluation of the TEM cold-stage double-film specimen

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 272-273
Author(s):  
Jayesh Bellare
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Sample Thickness ◽  
Specimen Preparation ◽  
Preparation Technique ◽  
Liquid Sample ◽  
Thin Specimen ◽  
Sample Preparation Technique ◽  
Cold Stage ◽  
Film Specimen

Seeing is believing, but only after the sample preparation technique has received a systematic study and a full record is made of the treatment the sample gets.For microstructured liquids and suspensions, fast-freeze thermal fixation and cold-stage microscopy is perhaps the least artifact-laden technique. In the double-film specimen preparation technique, a layer of liquid sample is trapped between 100- and 400-mesh polymer (polyimide, PI) coated grids. Blotting against filter paper drains excess liquid and provides a thin specimen, which is fast-frozen by plunging into liquid nitrogen. This frozen sandwich (Fig. 1) is mounted in a cooling holder and viewed in TEM.Though extremely promising for visualization of liquid microstructures, this double-film technique suffers from a) ireproducibility and nonuniformity of sample thickness, b) low yield of imageable grid squares and c) nonuniform spatial distribution of particulates, which results in fewer being imaged.

Macroprobe Mode for the Study of Segregation in Steels

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 260-261
Author(s):  
Auclair Gilles ◽  
Benoit Danièle
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Sheet Steel ◽  
Acquisition Time ◽  
Chemical Information ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Accurate Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Optical Micrographs

During these last 10 years, high performance correction procedures have been developed for classical EPMA, and it is nowadays possible to obtain accurate quantitative analysis even for soft X-ray radiations. It is also possible to perform EPMA by adapting this accurate quantitative procedures to unusual applications such as the measurement of the segregation on wide areas in as-cast and sheet steel products.The main objection for analysis of segregation in steel by means of a line-scan mode is that it requires a very heavy sampling plan to make sure that the most significant points are analyzed. Moreover only local chemical information is obtained whereas mechanical properties are also dependant on the volume fraction and the spatial distribution of highly segregated zones. For these reasons we have chosen to systematically acquire X-ray calibrated mappings which give pictures similar to optical micrographs. Although mapping requires lengthy acquisition time there is a corresponding increase in the information given by image anlysis.

Ultrastructural analysis of the spatial distribution of MRNA

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 552-553
Author(s):  
Gary Bassell ◽  
Robert H. Singer
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Colloidal Gold ◽  
Dna Probe ◽  
Nucleotide Analogs ◽  
Gold Particles

We have been investigating the spatial distribution of nucleic acids intracellularly using in situ hybridization. The use of non-isotopic nucleotide analogs incorporated into the DNA probe allows the detection of the probe at its site of hybridization within the cell. This approach therefore is compatible with the high resolution available by electron microscopy. Biotinated or digoxigenated probe can be detected by antibodies conjugated to colloidal gold. Because mRNA serves as a template for the probe fragments, the colloidal gold particles are detected as arrays which allow it to be unequivocally distinguished from background.

Membrane microdomains: lessons from microscopy

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 776-777
Author(s):  
J.M. Robinson ◽  
J.M Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Plasma Membranes ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Imaging Modalities ◽  
Membrane Microdomains ◽  
Membrane Domains ◽  
Lateral Heterogeneity ◽  
Functional Importance

Specialized regions of plasma membranes displaying lateral heterogeneity are the focus of this Symposium. Specialized membrane domains are known for certain cell types such as differentiated epithelial cells where lateral heterogeneity in lipids and proteins exists between the apical and basolateral portions of the plasma membrane. Lateral heterogeneity and the presence of microdomains in membranes that are uniform in appearance have been more difficult to establish. Nonetheless a number of studies have provided evidence for membrane microdomains and indicated a functional importance for these structures.This symposium will focus on the use of various imaging modalities and related approaches to define membrane microdomains in a number of cell types. The importance of existing as well as emerging imaging technologies for use in the elucidation of membrane microdomains will be highlighted. The organization of membrane microdomains in terms of dimensions and spatial distribution is of considerable interest and will be addressed in this Symposium.

An analytical microscopic study of metals in fluidized catalytic cracking catalyst

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 854-855
Author(s):  
Clifford S. Rainey
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Catalytic Cracking ◽  
Catalyst Deactivation ◽  
Coke Formation ◽  
Acid Sites ◽  
Y Zeolite ◽  
Fcc Catalyst ◽  
Fluidized Catalytic Cracking ◽  
High Regeneration

The spatial distribution of V and Ni deposited within fluidized catalytic cracking (FCC) catalyst is studied because these metals contribute to catalyst deactivation. Y zeolite in FCC microspheres are high SiO2 aluminosilicates with molecular-sized channels that contain a mixture of lanthanoids. They must withstand high regeneration temperatures and retain acid sites needed for cracking of hydrocarbons, a process essential for efficient gasoline production. Zeolite in combination with V to form vanadates, or less diffusion in the channels due to coke formation, may deactivate catalyst. Other factors such as metal "skins", microsphere sintering, and attrition may also be involved. SEM of FCC fracture surfaces, AEM of Y zeolite, and electron microscopy of this work are developed to better understand and minimize catalyst deactivation.

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