scholarly journals The Peniston & Kulkosky Treatment for Chemical Dependence: a Replication, and Assessment of the Importance of the Electroencephalograph (EEG) Biofeedback Component of the Protocol

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Frances Jean Lowe
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Community ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Addiction Severity Index ◽  
Drop Out ◽  
Community Treatment ◽  
Therapeutic Modality ◽  
Eeg Biofeedback ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Therapeutic Community Treatment

<p>This thesis is primarily a replication of Peniston and Kulkoskys' (1989; 1990) treatment (PKT) study which reported successful outcomes for alcoholics using an alpha/theta electroencephalograph (EEG) biofeedback protocol. The PKT protocol consists of 6 temperature biofeedback sessions of training increased hand temperature, followed by 30 sessions of training, via EEG biofeedback, increases in alpha/theta band amplitude. The latter sessions included visualizations of personality and physiology changes, and visualisations of scenes where alcohol is refused. Another aim of this study was to determine whether the EEG biofeedback element of the protocol was superior in outcomes to the subject simply listening to monotonous sounds. In addition to three months of therapeutic community treatment, one experimental group of 15 subjects received the PKT protocol, the other received a modified version excluding EEG biofeedback, and a control group of 14 subjects had no additional treatment. Post-treatment follow up revealed significant improvements for all three groups in key psychometric instruments. These were the Multiaxial Personality Inventory (MCMI-II), Situational Confidence Questionnaire (SCQ), Life Purpose Questionnaire (LPQ), and, at follow up, Addiction Severity Index (ASI). The control group changed in fewer MCMI-II scales, and had a higher treatment drop out rate. At follow up the groups' abstinence rates, using Peniston and Kulkoskys' measure, were also similar. However, when more sensitive relapse measures were applied, the PKT groups' relapse results were about twice those of the control group. This was significant for male subjects' mean number of days using substances, whereas female subjects' abstinence rates were high in all three groups. This therapeutic modality enhances therapeutic community treatment outcomes in a small sample of subjects, a result not common in the literature. It merits further investigation and implementation in a New Zealand setting.</p>

scholarly journals The Peniston & Kulkosky Treatment for Chemical Dependence: a Replication, and Assessment of the Importance of the Electroencephalograph (EEG) Biofeedback Component of the Protocol

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Frances Jean Lowe
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Community ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Addiction Severity Index ◽  
Drop Out ◽  
Community Treatment ◽  
Therapeutic Modality ◽  
Eeg Biofeedback ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Therapeutic Community Treatment

<p>This thesis is primarily a replication of Peniston and Kulkoskys' (1989; 1990) treatment (PKT) study which reported successful outcomes for alcoholics using an alpha/theta electroencephalograph (EEG) biofeedback protocol. The PKT protocol consists of 6 temperature biofeedback sessions of training increased hand temperature, followed by 30 sessions of training, via EEG biofeedback, increases in alpha/theta band amplitude. The latter sessions included visualizations of personality and physiology changes, and visualisations of scenes where alcohol is refused. Another aim of this study was to determine whether the EEG biofeedback element of the protocol was superior in outcomes to the subject simply listening to monotonous sounds. In addition to three months of therapeutic community treatment, one experimental group of 15 subjects received the PKT protocol, the other received a modified version excluding EEG biofeedback, and a control group of 14 subjects had no additional treatment. Post-treatment follow up revealed significant improvements for all three groups in key psychometric instruments. These were the Multiaxial Personality Inventory (MCMI-II), Situational Confidence Questionnaire (SCQ), Life Purpose Questionnaire (LPQ), and, at follow up, Addiction Severity Index (ASI). The control group changed in fewer MCMI-II scales, and had a higher treatment drop out rate. At follow up the groups' abstinence rates, using Peniston and Kulkoskys' measure, were also similar. However, when more sensitive relapse measures were applied, the PKT groups' relapse results were about twice those of the control group. This was significant for male subjects' mean number of days using substances, whereas female subjects' abstinence rates were high in all three groups. This therapeutic modality enhances therapeutic community treatment outcomes in a small sample of subjects, a result not common in the literature. It merits further investigation and implementation in a New Zealand setting.</p>

scholarly journals Outcomes of therapeutic community treatment for personality disorder

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgina Capone ◽  
Thomas Schroder ◽  
Simon Clarke ◽  
Louise Braham
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Research ◽  
English Language ◽  
Therapeutic Community ◽  
Community Treatment ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Comparison Groups ◽  
Step Down ◽  
Therapeutic Community Treatment

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to review quantitative research since 1999 evaluating the effectiveness of democratic therapeutic community (DTC) treatment for individuals with personality disorders (PD) with reference to interpersonal and offending risk outcomes. Design/methodology/approach – A systematic search resulted in the review of ten studies. All of the studies investigated DTCs treating PD in community, inpatient residential and forensic settings. Only peer-reviewed, English-language articles employing a quantitative design were included. Findings – The majority of studies were conducted poorly and of low methodological quality, with limitations located in the representativeness of participants, limited use of control and comparison groups, follow up periods and controls for confounders. Heterogeneity remained in use of measures and limited consideration was given to the validity of interpersonal measures used. While improved interpersonal outcomes post DTC treatment were noted in forensic and residential settings, results were mixed in day and mini TC settings. Inconsistent findings in offending risk outcomes were also indicated. A study with increased methodological rigour indicated residential treatment had limited effects on interpersonal outcomes, when compared to combination treatment (residential TC and step-down treatment). Originality/value – The study provided an evaluation of the limitations of DTC research across a range of settings and highlighted a combination of residential TC and step-down treatment may achieve superior outcomes to residential TC treatment alone in a community inpatient population. Recommendations are made for future research to contribute to the treatment of PD.

An Effective Model of Prison-Based Treatment for Drug-Involved Offenders

1997 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
James A. Inciardi ◽  
Steven S. Martin ◽  
Clifford A. Butzin ◽  
Robert M. Hooper ◽  
Lana D. Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Community ◽  
National Institutes Of Health ◽  
Community Treatment ◽  
Department Of Justice ◽  
White House ◽  
Work Release ◽  
Community Model ◽  
Stage System ◽  
Therapeutic Community Treatment

A multistage therapeutic community treatment system has been instituted in the Delaware correctional system, and its effectiveness has captured the attention of the National Institutes of Health, the Department of Justice, members of Congress, and the White House. Treatment occurs in a three-stage system, with each phase corresponding to the client's changing correctional status—incarceration, work release, and parole. In this paper, 18 month follow-up data are analyzed for those who received treatment in: (1) a prison-based therapeutic community only, (2) a work release therapeutic community followed by aftercare, and (3) the prison-based therapeutic community followed by the work release therapeutic community and aftercare. These groups are compared with a no-treatment group. Those receiving treatment in the two-stage (work release and aftercare) and three-stage (prison, work release, and aftercare) models had significantly lower rates of drug relapse and criminal recidivism, even when adjusted for other risk factors. The results support the effectiveness of a multistage therapeutic community model for drug-involved offenders, and the importance of a work release transitional therapeutic community as a component of this model.

Follow-Up at a Dutch Addiction Hospital and Effectiveness of Therapeutic Community Treatment

1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (8) ◽  
pp. 1611-1627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes C. van de Velde ◽  
Geerhard E. Schaap ◽  
Haring Land
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Community ◽  
Community Treatment ◽  
Therapeutic Community Treatment

Effectiveness of a Therapeutic Community Treatment in Spain: A Long-Term Follow-Up Study

2002 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
José-Ramón Fernández-Hermida ◽  
Roberto Secades-Villa ◽  
José-Javier Fernández-Ludeña ◽  
Pedro-Antonio Marina-González
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Community ◽  
Community Treatment ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
Therapeutic Community Treatment

scholarly journals Therapeutic community treatment of personality disorder: service use and mortality over 3 years' follow-up

2003 ◽  
Vol 182 (S44) ◽  
pp. s24-s27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steffan Davies ◽  
Penelope Campling
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Service Use ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Therapeutic Community ◽  
Community Treatment ◽  
First Year ◽  
Patient Admissions ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Therapeutic Community Treatment

BackgroundA number of studies have demonstrated reductions in the utilisation of psychiatric services, especially acute inpatient admissions, following therapeutic community treatment of personality disorder. These studies have, however, been of limited duration (1 year) and follow-up has not always been complete.AimsTo identify hospital admissions before and after therapeutic community treatment of personality disorder.MethodA naturalistic clinical cohort of patients admitted between January 1993 and December 1995 was followed up for 3 years. All subjects were traced to their current consultant psychiatrist, general practitioner or death.ResultsAll patients were traced at 3-year follow-up. The significant reduction in in-patient admissions seen in the first year was maintained over 3 years. Those with the poorest outcomes, suicide, accidental death or prolonged admission were all in the quartile with the shortest admissions (under 42 days) to the therapeutic community.ConclusionsPreviously reported reductions in psychiatric admissions following therapeutic community treatment of personality disorder are maintained over 3 years.

Evaluation of a Therapeutic Community Treatment Program: A Long-Term Follow-up Study in Spain

2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (10) ◽  
pp. 1362-1377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Fernández-Montalvo ◽  
José J. López-Goñi ◽  
Cristina Illescas ◽  
Natalia Landa ◽  
Iñaki Lorea
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Program ◽  
Therapeutic Community ◽  
Community Treatment ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
Therapeutic Community Treatment

scholarly journals Longitudinal assessment of S100B serum levels and clinical factors in youth patients with mood disorders

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Rajewska-Rager ◽  
Monika Dmitrzak-Weglarz ◽  
Pawel Kapelski ◽  
Natalia Lepczynska ◽  
Joanna Pawlak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Calcium Binding ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Drop Out ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Longitudinal Assessment ◽  
Depressed Group

AbstractMood disorders have been discussed as being in relation to glial pathology. S100B is a calcium-binding protein, and a marker of glial dysfunctions. Although alterations in the S100B expression may play a role in various central nervous system diseases, there are no studies on the potential role of S100B in mood disorders in adolescents and young adults . In a prospective two-year follow-up study, peripheral levels of S100B were investigated in 79 adolescent/young adult patients (aged 14–24 years), diagnosed with mood disorders and compared with 31 healthy control subjects. A comprehensive clinical interview was conducted which focused on clinical symptoms and diagnosis change. The diagnosis was established and verified at each control visit. Serum S100B concentrations were determined. We detected: lower S100B levels in medicated patients, compared with those who were drug-free, and healthy controls; higher S100B levels in a depressed group with a family history of affective disorder; correlations between age and medication status; sex-dependent differences in S100B levels; and lack a of correlation between the severity of depressive or hypo/manic symptoms. The results of our study indicate that S100B might be a trait-dependent rather than a state-dependent marker. Due to the lack of such studies in the youth population, further research should be performed. A relatively small sample size, a lack of exact age-matched control group, a high drop-out rate.

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