scholarly journals Design and Construction Features that Cause New Houses in New Zealand to Overheat

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Lisa French
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Peak Load ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Thermal Modelling ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Early Evening ◽  
Summer Temperatures ◽  
House Design ◽  
Ventilation Rates

<p>Analysis of indoor temperature measurements taken in 397 randomly selected houses has revealed that New Zealand houses are becoming warmer in summer. Houses built at the end of the 20th century are during the daytime (9 am to 5 pm), on average, 2.5 degrees C warmer during summer months (December to February) than houses built at the start. For example, in houses built during the 1990s, temperatures above 25 degrees C are found 40% of the time during the summer early evening (4 pm to 6 pm) - temperatures that could be considered as uncomfortably warm in a temperate climate. Since 2006 there has been a rapid uptake of heat pumps in New Zealand, and a survey provides evidence of a growing number of households actively cooling, when traditionally very little cooling has been done. The ability for occupants to cool during the warm summer early evening has the potential to create an additional peak load on the electricity network. The trend towards increasing indoor summer temperatures could be due to a range of features, including house design, construction and operation. These have been explored through analysis of the temperature data and thermal modelling using SUNREL with validated models of five houses. Although the monitored sample was sizable, the variation in occupant behaviour means it was not possible to explore all potential drivers or eliminate other influences. The use of thermal modelling permitted parametric investigation of the role of different features to be explored. The analysis of monitoring data and the thermal modelling showed that the main causes of increasing temperatures are: increasing glazing area; lower ventilation rates; reduction of external shading through reduced eave size; and to a lesser extent increased levels of thermal insulation. These findings have been used to provide guidance for new house designers as well as suggestions for modifications of existing houses.</p>

scholarly journals Design and Construction Features that Cause New Houses in New Zealand to Overheat

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Lisa French
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Peak Load ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Thermal Modelling ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Early Evening ◽  
Summer Temperatures ◽  
House Design ◽  
Ventilation Rates

<p>Analysis of indoor temperature measurements taken in 397 randomly selected houses has revealed that New Zealand houses are becoming warmer in summer. Houses built at the end of the 20th century are during the daytime (9 am to 5 pm), on average, 2.5 degrees C warmer during summer months (December to February) than houses built at the start. For example, in houses built during the 1990s, temperatures above 25 degrees C are found 40% of the time during the summer early evening (4 pm to 6 pm) - temperatures that could be considered as uncomfortably warm in a temperate climate. Since 2006 there has been a rapid uptake of heat pumps in New Zealand, and a survey provides evidence of a growing number of households actively cooling, when traditionally very little cooling has been done. The ability for occupants to cool during the warm summer early evening has the potential to create an additional peak load on the electricity network. The trend towards increasing indoor summer temperatures could be due to a range of features, including house design, construction and operation. These have been explored through analysis of the temperature data and thermal modelling using SUNREL with validated models of five houses. Although the monitored sample was sizable, the variation in occupant behaviour means it was not possible to explore all potential drivers or eliminate other influences. The use of thermal modelling permitted parametric investigation of the role of different features to be explored. The analysis of monitoring data and the thermal modelling showed that the main causes of increasing temperatures are: increasing glazing area; lower ventilation rates; reduction of external shading through reduced eave size; and to a lesser extent increased levels of thermal insulation. These findings have been used to provide guidance for new house designers as well as suggestions for modifications of existing houses.</p>

Information-seeking to Support Personal and Community Wellbeing: Report of a study of New Zealand Men Using Focus Groups

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peta Wellstead
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Focus Groups ◽  
Support Services ◽  
Information Seeking ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Structural Constraints ◽  
Health And Wellbeing ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Groupes De Discussion

This paper reports part of an ongoing study exploring the information behaviour of New Zealand men during periods of diminished health and wellbeing. Focus groups were used for this iteration of the study. Results indicate that New Zealand men face both personal and structural constraints to their information-seeking during periods when their health and wellbeing may be compromised. This study highlights that service providers need to develop more effective information delivery mechanisms and support services for men. These services need to be appealing to men and reflect men’s information seeking preferences. The role of LIS professionals in supporting this endeavour is discussed. Cet article présente une étude en cours explorant le comportement informationnel d’ hommes néo-zélandais durant des périodes où leur état de santé et de bien-être est amoindri. Des groupes de discussion ont été utilisés pour cette itération de l'étude. Les résultats indiquent que les hommes en Nouvelle-Zélande font face à des contraintes à la fois  personnelles et structurelles dans leur recherche d'information pendant les périodes où leur santé et leur bien-être peuvent être affaiblis. Cette étude met en évidence le besoin pour les fournisseurs de services de développer des mécanismes de diffusion de l'information plus efficaces et des services de soutien pour les hommes. Ces services doivent être attrayants et refléter les préférences des hommes dans leurs recherches d’information. Le rôle des professionnels de l'information dans le soutien à cette entreprise est discuté.

The Role of Chinese Economic Variables on the Australian and New Zealand Equity Returns

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongbo Ge ◽  
Ji (George) Wu ◽  
Jing Zhang ◽  
Liping Zou
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Equity Returns ◽  
Economic Variables

Literary Histories

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva-Marie Kröller
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Collective Identity ◽  
Literary History ◽  
English Language ◽  
South Pacific ◽  
The South ◽  
Cultural Elite ◽  
Historical Methodology ◽  
Literary Histories

This chapter discusses national literary histories in Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the South Pacific and summarises the book's main findings regarding the construction and revision of narratives of national identity since 1950. In colonial and postcolonial cultures, literary history is often based on a paradox that says much about their evolving sense of collective identity, but perhaps even more about the strains within it. The chapter considers the complications typical of postcolonial literary history by focusing on the conflict between collective celebration and its refutation. It examines three issues relating to the histories of English-language fiction in Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the South Pacific: problems of chronology and beginnings, with a special emphasis on Indigenous peoples; the role of the cultural elite and the history wars in the Australian context; and the influence of postcolonial networks on historical methodology.

scholarly journals Contemporary management of locoregionally advanced melanoma in Australia and New Zealand and the role of adjuvant systemic therapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 91 (S2) ◽  
pp. 3-13
Author(s):  
B. Mark Smithers ◽  
Robyn P. M. Saw ◽  
David E. Gyorki ◽  
Richard C. W. Martin ◽  
Victoria Atkinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Systemic Therapy ◽  
Advanced Melanoma ◽  
Adjuvant Systemic Therapy ◽  
Contemporary Management

scholarly journals National movement patterns during the COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand: the unexplored role of neighbourhood deprivation

2021 ◽  
pp. jech-2020-216108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malcolm Campbell ◽  
Lukas Marek ◽  
Jesse Wiki ◽  
Matthew Hobbs ◽  
Clive E Sabel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Policy Debate ◽  
Population Mobility ◽  
Neighbourhood Deprivation ◽  
Movement Data ◽  
Spatial Inequalities ◽  
The Impact

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has asked unprecedented questions of governments around the world. Policy responses have disrupted usual patterns of movement in society, locally and globally, with resultant impacts on national economies and human well-being. These interventions have primarily centred on enforcing lockdowns and introducing social distancing recommendations, leading to questions of trust and competency around the role of institutions and the administrative apparatus of state. This study demonstrates the unequal societal impacts in population movement during a national ‘lockdown’.MethodsWe use nationwide mobile phone movement data to quantify the effect of an enforced lockdown on population mobility by neighbourhood deprivation using an ecological study design. We then derive a mobility index using anonymised aggregated population counts for each neighbourhood (2253 Census Statistical Areas; mean population n=2086) of national hourly mobile phone location data (7.45 million records, 1 March 2020–20 July 2020) for New Zealand (NZ).ResultsCurtailing movement has highlighted and exacerbated underlying social and spatial inequalities. Our analysis reveals the unequal movements during ‘lockdown’ by neighbourhood socioeconomic status in NZ.ConclusionIn understanding inequalities in neighbourhood movements, we are contributing critical new evidence to the policy debate about the impact(s) and efficacy of national, regional or local lockdowns which have sparked such controversy.

Locking down behavioural compliance: The role of emotion and emotion regulation in breaches of COVID-19 mitigation measures in Aotearoa New Zealand

2021 ◽  
pp. 135910532110299
Author(s):  
Terise Broodryk ◽  
Kealagh Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Health Behaviours ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Aotearoa New Zealand ◽  
High Knowledge ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Insight Into

Although anxiety and worry can motivate engagement with COVID-19 preventative behaviours, people may cognitively reframe these unpleasant emotions, restoring wellbeing at the cost of public health behaviours. New Zealand young adults ( n = 278) experiencing nationwide COVID-19 lockdown reported their worry, anxiety, reappraisal and lockdown compliance. Despite high knowledge of lockdown policies, 92.5% of participants reported one or more policy breaches ( M  = 2.74, SD = 1.86). Counter to predictions, no relationships were found between anxiety or worry with reappraisal or lockdown breaches. Findings highlight the importance of targeting young adults in promoting lockdown compliance and offer further insight into the role of emotion during a pandemic.

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