scholarly journals Language Policy in Multilingual Workplaces:  Management, Practices and Beliefs in Banks in Luxembourg.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Leilarna Elizabeth Kingsley
Keyword(s):  
Language Policy ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Policy Research ◽  
Policy Management ◽  
Language Practices ◽  
Language Management ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Speech Communities ◽  
International Banks

<p>For decades the primary focus of language policy research has been activities by states and their agencies, while language policy activities in workplaces have attracted little attention. Addressing this gap, explicit and implicit dimensions of language policies are investigated in financial institutions operating in the globalised context of international banking in multilingual Luxembourg. Three complementary theoretical frameworks are used to extend language policy research to include not just explicit aspects of language policy (language policy statements), but also implicit aspects (the language practices and beliefs of a community). Spolsky's (2004) theory is used to identify and analyse three components of language policy (management, practices and beliefs); Language Management Theory (LMT) (Jernudd and Neustupny, 1987) is used to explore one specific component of language policy (management), and Shohamy's (2006) framework is used to explore the complex interaction between management, practices and beliefs. The data base for the study comprised two phases: the first phase involved interviews with managers in ten Luxembourg banks regarding language policy, followed in the second phase by questionnaires and focus-group discussions with employees from three case study banks regarding language use and beliefs. This empirical data suggests that even in banks where English has been formalised as the working language, multilingual mechanisms (recruitment and language courses) contribute to employees' practices effectively creating, a top-down multilingual implicit (de facto) policy. The data from international banks in Luxembourg suggests that a flexible approach to language management is useful in workplaces where communication is complex, multi-faceted and dynamic. The bottom-up perspective indicates that employees at international banks use English as a lingua franca (ELF) alongside other languages, negotiating language choice across speech communities and linguistic repertoires, for transactional and relational purposes. These multilingual employees highly value English as the most common language in banks for including and involving all, highlighting its vital role in banks. Because the data provides a strong argument for the consideration of both top down and bottom up perspectives, the results have theoretical significance for our understanding of language policy. Overall, this thesis provides insights into the complex nature of language policy in multilingual workplaces, including the importance of both top-down and bottom-up pressures on language practices, the crucial role of ELF and the relevance of attitudes towards ELF and other languages at local and global levels of management.</p>

scholarly journals Language Policy in Multilingual Workplaces:  Management, Practices and Beliefs in Banks in Luxembourg.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Leilarna Elizabeth Kingsley
Keyword(s):  
Language Policy ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Policy Research ◽  
Policy Management ◽  
Language Practices ◽  
Language Management ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Speech Communities ◽  
International Banks

<p>For decades the primary focus of language policy research has been activities by states and their agencies, while language policy activities in workplaces have attracted little attention. Addressing this gap, explicit and implicit dimensions of language policies are investigated in financial institutions operating in the globalised context of international banking in multilingual Luxembourg. Three complementary theoretical frameworks are used to extend language policy research to include not just explicit aspects of language policy (language policy statements), but also implicit aspects (the language practices and beliefs of a community). Spolsky's (2004) theory is used to identify and analyse three components of language policy (management, practices and beliefs); Language Management Theory (LMT) (Jernudd and Neustupny, 1987) is used to explore one specific component of language policy (management), and Shohamy's (2006) framework is used to explore the complex interaction between management, practices and beliefs. The data base for the study comprised two phases: the first phase involved interviews with managers in ten Luxembourg banks regarding language policy, followed in the second phase by questionnaires and focus-group discussions with employees from three case study banks regarding language use and beliefs. This empirical data suggests that even in banks where English has been formalised as the working language, multilingual mechanisms (recruitment and language courses) contribute to employees' practices effectively creating, a top-down multilingual implicit (de facto) policy. The data from international banks in Luxembourg suggests that a flexible approach to language management is useful in workplaces where communication is complex, multi-faceted and dynamic. The bottom-up perspective indicates that employees at international banks use English as a lingua franca (ELF) alongside other languages, negotiating language choice across speech communities and linguistic repertoires, for transactional and relational purposes. These multilingual employees highly value English as the most common language in banks for including and involving all, highlighting its vital role in banks. Because the data provides a strong argument for the consideration of both top down and bottom up perspectives, the results have theoretical significance for our understanding of language policy. Overall, this thesis provides insights into the complex nature of language policy in multilingual workplaces, including the importance of both top-down and bottom-up pressures on language practices, the crucial role of ELF and the relevance of attitudes towards ELF and other languages at local and global levels of management.</p>

scholarly journals Management and Leadership in Serbian Terminology Work

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
Jelena Andjelkovic ◽  
Jelena Filipović
Keyword(s):  
Language Policy ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Academic Community ◽  
Management Model ◽  
Language Management ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Standard Language ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Subject Field ◽  
Policy And Planning

Research question: This paper studies the roles of Terminology Leadership (Filipovic 2012, 2015; Filipovic & Vuco, 2012; Filipovic & Djordan, 2018) and Terminology Management model (Jernudd & Neustupný, 1987, 1991; Jernudd 1993, 1997 in Antia, 2000, p.3; Spolsky, 2004, 2009, 2012) in the implementation of terminology policy and planning in Serbia, and the sustainable development of Serbian scientific and technical terminology. Motivation: As in almost all standard-language cultures (Quirk,1990), the Serbian language policy is top-down oriented, i.e., it follows the language management model. In this model, all decisions regarding the language, including terminology decisions, are made by linguists - language planners, without taking into account the opinions of professional and academic communities, i.e., the primary creators and users of terminology. Newer European terminology guidelines, especially the widely accepted UNESCO Guidelines for Terminological Policies (2005, p.3), however, propose that terminology work should be approached both top-down, i.e., on the level of political decision-making (following the terminology management model), and bottom-up, i.e., on the level of professional associations and other terminology stakeholders (following the complementary model of terminology leadership). Idea: The idea behind this paper is to investigate to what extent the terminology leadership model and the bottom-up orientation in the Serbian terminology policy and planning are recognized and accepted by various groups of stakeholders in comparison with the dominant language management model. Data: The data regarding the perspectives of two groups of terminology stakeholders (technical translators and professional / academic community) towards the state of the Serbian subject-field terminology and terminology management were collected, analyzed, interpreted and compared. Tools: The data were collected through two surveys on terminology work (Andjelkovic, 2018). While the first survey focuses on translators’ perspective on terminology management, the second survey examines the attitude of the academic community towards the terminology state of their own subject field: management. Findings: The surveys’ results confirm that both groups of terminology stakeholders recognise the importance of collaborative and cooperative work of linguists and subject field specialists in terminology policy making, planning and implementation, and thus do not regard linguists (i.e., language planners) as exclusive language and terminology decision-makers. The results also indicate, however, that there is still a very strong influence of standard-language ideology and the top-down oriented language policy. Contribution:  The paper suggests a change in the implementation of the Serbian terminology policy and planning that is more in line with the European terminology Guidelines (UNESCO, 2005).

Explicit and implicit dimensions of language policy in multilingual banks in Luxembourg

2009 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leilarna Kingsley
Keyword(s):  
Language Policy ◽  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Policy Research ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
International Banking ◽  
Language Management ◽  
International Banks ◽  
Management Policies ◽  
Primary Focus

For decades the primary focus of language policy research has been activities by states and their agencies, while policy activities in workplaces have attracted little attention. Addressing this gap, this paper investigates language management policies in financial institutions in the multilingual context of Luxembourg. Shohamy’s (2006) theoretical framework, largely based on the context of the state, is adopted and extended to financial institutions. Financial institutions operate in the globalised context of international banking and represent an interesting focal point for examining language policy in the globalising world. Explicit and implicit dimensions of policy are investigated by exploring the discrepancy between explicit language management policies on the working language of financial institutions and reported language use practices. Two international banks are discussed in this paper to provide insight into the complex nature of language policy and the importance of both top-down and bottom-up pressures on language practices.

Managing records and archives in a Hong Kong school: a case study

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 204-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric C.K. Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Record Management ◽  
Records Management ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Content Type

Purpose This study aims to explore the principles and practices for managing records with the lens of functional analysis and knowledge management by using a case study that focuses on the experience of implementing records management at a public high school in Hong Kong. Design/methodology/approach A single case study is chosen as the research method for this paper. A series of qualitative interviews and documentary analysis were used to collect and triangulate the qualitative data. Findings The results show that the case school adopted a hybrid top-down and bottom-up approach to record management, facilitate decision-making and manage knowledge. The school adopted the taxonomy provided by the quality assurance framework as the functional classification in a digital archive in the records management system. Practical implications This study provides a set of taxonomy and a hybrid top-down and bottom-up approach to schools for ensuring that accurate information of all school activities is kept and can facilitate an effective and evidence-based, decision-making process. Social implications Identifying taxonomy and management practices for effective documentation in public schools can support planning, assist with organising the continuity of improvement plans and increase reporting and accountability to society. Originality/value This study offers a taxonomy and management approach to the literature of records management and the practices for promoting and improving records management in school.

I HAVE NOTHING TO DO WITH LANGUAGE TEACHING – LANGUAGE PRACTICES, IDEOLOGIES AND LANGUAGE MANAGEMENT IN EDUCATION

Via Latgalica ◽  
2016 ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Sanita Lazdiņa
Keyword(s):  
Language Policy ◽  
Social Practice ◽  
Language Teaching ◽  
Language Education ◽  
Theoretical Explanation ◽  
Regional Studies ◽  
Language Practices ◽  
Language Management ◽  
Education Policies ◽  
Multilingual Education

<p><em>The aim of this article is to identify links observable in social practice between the process of multilingualism and the teaching of language and other subjects in school, as well as associated opportunities and models which are supported by the strengthening of interdisciplinary aspects.</em></p><p><em>The article consists of five sections: the first two mainly theoretical, the last three – supported by empirical evidence. The first section is devoted to a theoretical explanation of the basic elements of language policy referenced by the title (language practices, ideology, and language management). Two approaches in modern education – the so-called monoglossic and heteroglossic approach – which reflect certain ideology about language teaching methods, are described in the second section. The third section provides insight into Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL)</em> <em>and the realization of this method in Latvia, while the fourth details the planning and practice of “Regional Studies” as a subject of study from the perspective of the heteroglossic approach. The fifth chapter outlines the experience of multilingual education in the European context, analyzing language education policies in the province of Friesland.</em></p><p><em>The questions raised in the article have been evaluated in practice by: 1) preparing a publication on the CLIL approach internationally and in Latvia, and cooperating with teachers in all Latvian regions who utilize this approach in their schools; 2) leading teacher training courses on the use of digital tools in the teaching of Regional Studies and other subjects (conducted in Rēzekne in March and April of 2015); 3) collecting evidence from trilingual schools in the Dutch province of Friesland (lessons in six schools were observed in October 2015; additionally, interviews were conducted with teachers, schoolchildren and principals).</em></p><em>In Latvian schools, both the monoglossic and heteroglossic approaches are observable. However, these different approaches are not mutually exclusive; rather, they exist on a continuum. It is recommended that schools in Latvia be given greater autonomy to choose their own language policies, in a similar fashion to the Frisian schools previously described in the ethnographic observations; this is not to speak against state language policy, but merely to highlight a need for school language policy to reflect regional specifics and context. </em>

Vietnamese ethnic minority students’ language practices under the influence of external interventions: A management perspective

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 745-767 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trang Thi Thuy Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Language Policy ◽  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Minority Students ◽  
Language Maintenance ◽  
Language Practices ◽  
Language Management ◽  
Ethnic Minority Students ◽  
Management Perspective ◽  
Minority Language Policy ◽  
External Interventions

AbstractThis article examines Vietnamese ethnic minority students’ language practices under the influence of external interventions from a language management perspective. It focuses on the ways the students engage with various levels of interventions in their language practices. The study mainly draws on a group of college-age minority students’ experiences and perspectives collected through semistructured interviews. Findings suggest that the students, in making decisions to use their ethnic language and Vietnamese, the mainstream language, responded to interventions by the school and the ethnic community by adapting to the latter's language policy, while reinterpreting to conform to/deviate from interventions by other individuals such as their parents, their teachers, or their peers. In that process of managing their language practices, they reframed their identity in which both maintenance and transformation orientations were active. Implications related to minority language policy and language maintenance are then suggested. (Language management, individual language management, language practices, language choice, language policy, language maintenance, ethnic minority)*

scholarly journals When language policy is not enough

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (267-268) ◽  
pp. 265-269
Author(s):  
Juldyz Smagulova
Keyword(s):  
Language Policy ◽  
Policy Research ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Critical Examination ◽  
Language Management ◽  
Discourse Production ◽  
Material Sources ◽  
Symbolic Gestures ◽  
Relations Of Power

Abstract By focusing predominantly on discourse production and language management, language policy research de-emphasizes the material sources of inequality. The paper argues that language management, often restricted by ritualistic and symbolic gestures, cannot rectify historically formed relations of power and calls for critical examination of both sociolinguistic and socio-economic consequences of language reforms.

Language Beliefs and the Management of Endangered Languages

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard Spolsky
Keyword(s):  
Language Policy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Central Component ◽  
Endangered Languages ◽  
Language Practices ◽  
Language Management ◽  
Independent Components ◽  
Language Varieties ◽  
Theory Of Language ◽  
The Relationship

Language beliefs and ideologies constitute a central component of a theory of language policy. The other interrelated but independent components are the language practices of the community being studied and language management. This chapter explores the relationship between beliefs and management, especially with reference to efforts to manage (preserve or restore) language varieties that are felt to be under threat. It also summarizes the evidence presented in the other chapters in this volume.

scholarly journals Integrative systems approach reveals dynamics of microbiome-metal-ion axis in mesocosms representing tropical urban freshwater canal ecosystem

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gourvendu Saxena ◽  
Eric Dubois Hill ◽  
Ezequiel M. Marzinelli ◽  
Shivshankar Umashankar ◽  
Toh Jun Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Natural Disturbance ◽  
Intrinsic Property ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystems ◽  
System Level ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Geochemical Environment

AbstractFreshwater ecosystems of tropical urban canals systems (TrUCS), are highly dynamic and experience constant pressures from interspersed effects of land-use and rain. The dynamic nature of TrUCS ecosystems presents a unique opportunity to unravel the signature interactions between the macro-organisms (top-down), sedimentary microbial communities (SedMICs), their functioning and the geochemical environment (bottom-up). A systems level understanding of the molecular and mechanistic basis of the highly dynamic behaviour that leads to specific ecosystem outcomes, is currently lacking. Therefore, a research framework to identify the direct link between top-down and bottom-up ecological effects on SedMICs in a highly dynamic urban canal sedimentary system is needed. Here, we present a framework of integrated multi-dimensional data across system-level biotic and abiotic ecological descriptors, such as environmental variables and active SedMICs. We followed the ecosystem shifts after a natural disturbance (rain) in two different anthropogenic disturbance (land-use) regimes. Shifts in profiles of metabolically active community were conserved across different land-use types, indicating resilience to perturbation is an intrinsic property of the TrUCs ecosystem. Three distinct phases, which were dominated sequentially by autotrophy, anoxic-heterotrophy and oxic-heterotrophy, were identified within these shifts. The first two phases were influenced by the bottom-up effects of specific metal-ion combinations of nitrates and sulfates with magnesium, aluminum and iron, and the third phase was triggered by top-down influences of bioturbation. This generalized systems-level approach, which provides an ecosystem-centric understanding of TrUCS and integrates them in sustainable management practices, can also be extended to other freshwater ecosystems.

Language policy as experiences

2009 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elana Shohamy
Keyword(s):  
Language Policy ◽  
Direct Effect ◽  
Marginalized Populations ◽  
Small Country ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Personal Experiences ◽  
Small Countries ◽  
Linguistic Practices

Personal experiences have rarely been viewed as part of the domain of language policy, since policies are generally created from the top down, often to meet ideological or political agendas. The study of linguistic practices in a small country like Luxembourg offers particular opportunities to consider how language policy needs also to be formulated from the bottom up, since it has a direct effect on the rights and opportunities of often marginalized populations. Confronting these questions in small countries, which are hedged about with all of the complexities of their larger neighbours, may offer solutions that can be applied in due course in larger countries too.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document