scholarly journals Reading Rape in Livy's History of Rome, Shakespeare's The Rape of Lucrece and J.M. Coetzee's In the Heart of the Country

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Erin Scudder
Keyword(s):  
Legal Process ◽  
History Of ◽  
Objective State ◽  
State Of Affairs ◽  
Victim Response ◽  
Rape Of Lucrece ◽  
Single Objective

<p>Mieke Bal argues that rape "takes place inside. In this sense, rape is by definition imagined; it can exist only as experience and as memory, as image translated into signs, never adequately 'objectifiable'" (100). In this thesis, by critically examining some ways in which rape has been made to seem objectifiable in literature, I argue that rape cannot simply be 'seen' from a "point-of-viewless" (Rooney 89) perspective. My argument supports Catharine A. MacKinnon's call for a rethinking of rape-related "legal process as one involving a choice between incommensurate meanings rather than one of uncovering a (temporarily hidden) fact, the Truth" (Rooney 90). I argue that, in Livy's History of Rome and Shakespeare's The Rape of Lucrece, rape is portrayed as an objectifiably visible spectacle; the rape victim's description of rape functions in a capacity analogous to testimony, supporting "rape law's assumption that a single, objective state of affairs existed" (MacKinnon 654); and the rape victim's post-rape, self-inflicted violence functions as a form of self-punishment which references historically specific correlations between female unchastity and socio-political calamity. In contrast, I argue that, in J.M. Coetzee's novel In the Heart of the Country, the narration discourages readers from accepting the objectifiability of the rape which it relates; the narrator's "meditations" (Gallagher 82) deviate from the conventions of testimony, expressing instead the "incommensurate meanings" (Rooney 90) that rape holds for the victim herself; and the descriptions of violence, abuse, and victim response present the chance for readers to interpret the aftermath of rape in a manner other than that which "conveys the idea that the victim is responsible for her own destruction" (Bal 100).</p>

scholarly journals Reading Rape in Livy's History of Rome, Shakespeare's The Rape of Lucrece and J.M. Coetzee's In the Heart of the Country

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Erin Scudder
Keyword(s):  
Legal Process ◽  
History Of ◽  
Objective State ◽  
State Of Affairs ◽  
Victim Response ◽  
Rape Of Lucrece ◽  
Single Objective

<p>Mieke Bal argues that rape "takes place inside. In this sense, rape is by definition imagined; it can exist only as experience and as memory, as image translated into signs, never adequately 'objectifiable'" (100). In this thesis, by critically examining some ways in which rape has been made to seem objectifiable in literature, I argue that rape cannot simply be 'seen' from a "point-of-viewless" (Rooney 89) perspective. My argument supports Catharine A. MacKinnon's call for a rethinking of rape-related "legal process as one involving a choice between incommensurate meanings rather than one of uncovering a (temporarily hidden) fact, the Truth" (Rooney 90). I argue that, in Livy's History of Rome and Shakespeare's The Rape of Lucrece, rape is portrayed as an objectifiably visible spectacle; the rape victim's description of rape functions in a capacity analogous to testimony, supporting "rape law's assumption that a single, objective state of affairs existed" (MacKinnon 654); and the rape victim's post-rape, self-inflicted violence functions as a form of self-punishment which references historically specific correlations between female unchastity and socio-political calamity. In contrast, I argue that, in J.M. Coetzee's novel In the Heart of the Country, the narration discourages readers from accepting the objectifiability of the rape which it relates; the narrator's "meditations" (Gallagher 82) deviate from the conventions of testimony, expressing instead the "incommensurate meanings" (Rooney 90) that rape holds for the victim herself; and the descriptions of violence, abuse, and victim response present the chance for readers to interpret the aftermath of rape in a manner other than that which "conveys the idea that the victim is responsible for her own destruction" (Bal 100).</p>

scholarly journals Studije tehnologije i studije materijalne kulture: mogućnosti bliže saradnje na primeru koštanih artefakata

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 703
Author(s):  
Selena Vitezović ◽  
Ivan Vranić
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Research Strategy ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Significant Shift ◽  
Faunal Remains ◽  
Technology Studies ◽  
Archaeological Material ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
History Of ◽  
State Of Affairs

Bone artefacts are among the less thoroughly studied classes of archaeological material, especially in the case of particular periods and regions. The reasons behind this are not uniform. The most obvious and general are linked to the research practices of culture-historical archaeology, often neglecting bone artefacts, considering them not sufficiently attractive or informative. The most significant shift towards recognition of a set of potential information gained from bone objects was achieved in the framework of studies of prehistoric technology during the second half of 20th century, especially in the French archaeological school.  This research strategy raised a number of questions concerning the acquisition of raw material, modes of production and usage of objects, whose interpretative potential gained in power, leading to the increased attention paid to faunal remains in archaeological investigations. Yet this source of information on the actual details of relations between people and material culture, opened by technology studies, has not been sufficiently explored.  It may be suggested that the reasons are the narrow specialization of researchers and insufficient inclusion of the gathered information into the wider interpretive framework, various traditions and lack of cooperation among the national archaeological “schools”, language barriers etc. However, the main reason behind this state of affairs may be sought for in non-integrated theoretical perspectives and the lack of clearly articulated interpretive position of researchers seeking to apply the knowledge gained from technology studies, considering this strategy as an “objective, scientific method”, providing concrete answers clearly complying to the expectations of the dominant archaeological paradigm.The paper offers a critical review of a number of examples of application of technology studies in archaeology and possible directions of a more integrated and theoretically informed approach. One of the obvious solutions may be sought in the direction of another research strategy – material culture studies. The aim of the paper is thus to link these two approaches, whose theoretical foundations are not uniform today, but the history of the ideas and the mode of articulation of the basic theoretical assumptions indicate similar theoretical roots.

scholarly journals Religious Freedom Not For All: Homeland Approach

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (19) ◽  
pp. 185-188
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Zavaliy
Keyword(s):  
Religious Freedom ◽  
State Building ◽  
The State ◽  
Modern History ◽  
The West ◽  
Pope Francis ◽  
History Of ◽  
State Of Affairs ◽  
The Way

The modern history of Ukraine shows that the nation seeks to advance on the European path and meet the level of civilization development of the West. In this state of affairs, one can not ignore the rights of citizens, which are a state-building principle for European communities, namely, the primordial rights and freedoms of its citizens. The European face of Ukraine is formed from many components, including the importance of religious relations in the state, within which the freedom of citizens in general is determined. In 2015, Pope Francis recalled that religious freedom is "a fundamental right that forms the way by which we interact socially and personally with people who are around us, whose religious views may differ from ours."

Introduction

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Stephen Rodgers
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Music Analysis ◽  
Current State ◽  
History Of ◽  
Guiding Principles ◽  
State Of Affairs

This chapter provides an overview of the book as a whole. It opens with a brief history of Hensel studies—starting with the rediscovery of Hensel in the 1980s, leading through the growth of Hensel scholarship toward the end of the twentieth century, and ending with the current state of affairs—and argues that we need to understand Hensel’s music better. It then outlines some of the book’s guiding principles—including a belief in power of music analysis to access and communicate the wonders of Hensel’s songs and a commitment to exploring Hensel’s songs within its many diverse contexts—and explains the book’s overall organization around these contexts.

Philosophical Issues in (Sub)Disciplinary Contexts: The Case of Quantum Chemistry

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kostas Gavroglu ◽  
Ana Simões
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Quantum Chemistry ◽  
Philosophical Problem ◽  
Ontological Status ◽  
Energy Resonance ◽  
Straightforward Application ◽  
History Of ◽  
Chemical Character ◽  
State Of Affairs

IN A WAY, QUANTUM chemistry was “born” as a philosophical problem: It was, of course, chemistry, but owed its scientific status to physics; it was physics with the promise of explaining all of chemistry. Thankfully, following P. A. M. Dirac’s verdict (1929), this state of affairs, at least some years after 1929, was for a future world, an almost utopian world. In the meantime, chemists, physicists, and mathematicians for about half a century defying Dirac’s soothing call that all is well, but only on principle, brought about a new subdiscipline and all the methodological, epistemological, and philosophical problems that go along with the formation of any subdiscipline. In this chapter we put forward a proposal as to how we can write the history of an “in-between” discipline such as quantum chemistry, suggesting that this proposal can be extended to other “in-between” disciplines. Then, we address the role of theory in chemistry, and specifically in quantum chemistry, including the issues surrounding the ontological status of theoretical entities, and proceed to discuss the implications of the introduction of computers in quantum chemistry and the concomitant reconceptualization of experiment. Finally, we reappraise the question of reductionism from the perspective of the practitioners of quantum chemistry. From the very beginning of the period when chemical problems were examined quantum mechanically, everyone involved in the subsequent developments tried to understand the chemical character of what was begotten in the encounter(s) of chemistry with quantum mechanics. Was quantum chemistry the subdiscipline for all those chemical problems formulated in the language of physics which could be dealt with by a straightforward application of quantum mechanics with, of course, the ensuing conceptual readjustments? Was it the case that chemical problems could be dealt with only through an intricate process of appropriation of quantum mechanics by the chemists’ culture? Furthermore, the development of quantum chemistry brought about new entities whose ontological status was continuously under negotiation: exchange energy, resonance, and orbitals were some of the more intriguing entities.

scholarly journals pre-eighteenth-century traditions of revivalism: damascus in the thirteenth century

2005 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
konrad hirschler
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Social History ◽  
Thirteenth Century ◽  
History Of Ideas ◽  
Contemporary Society ◽  
Current State ◽  
History Of ◽  
State Of Affairs ◽  
Large Sections

this article examines whether it is possible to trace eighteenth- and nineteenth-century revivalist thought to earlier ‘medieval’ examples. the discussion is centred on the issue of ijtiha¯d/taqli¯d, which featured prominently in revivalist thought. taking the example of scholars in thirteenth-century damascus, it firstly compares the respective readings of ijtiha¯d/taqli¯d, by focusing on one individual, abu¯ sha¯ma (d. 1267). it secondly asks whether a scholar like abu¯ sha¯ma, who had adopted a reading similar to later revivalists, also took a critical and oppositional stand against large sections of his contemporary society, i.e. a revivalist posture. it is this article's main contention that the example of abu¯ sha¯ma shows the need to study in more detail possible revivalist traditions prior to the ‘grand’ movements. the combination of the history of ideas and social history might allow a deeper understanding of how and in what contexts calls for reform and opposition to the current state of affairs were expressed.

scholarly journals Nepalese psychiatrists' struggle for evolution

2007 ◽  
Vol 31 (9) ◽  
pp. 348-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arun Jha
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Psychiatric Services ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Current State ◽  
Professional Body ◽  
History Of ◽  
State Of Affairs ◽  
Political Turmoil ◽  
Health Programme

Nepal has a short and slowly developing history of psychiatry. Recent political turmoil has crippled Nepalese healthcare in rural areas. Although the final quarter of the 20th century saw some development of psychiatric services in Nepal, the majority of Nepalese people remain deprived of such services even today. There is no national health programme or Mental Health Act. Psychiatric services are hospital based and most are centralised in the capital. Nepalese psychiatrists need urgent help, but they have been unable to form a strong professional body. This report presents the historical background, current state of affairs and suggestions for modernising mental health services in Nepal.

scholarly journals William Cawthorne Unwin, 1838 - 1933

1934 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-178 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Applied Mechanics ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Engineering Studies ◽  
Modern Engineering ◽  
Practical Engineering ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Informed Opinion ◽  
State Of Affairs ◽  
The Ideal

The death of William Gawthorne Unwin marks the end of a significant phase in the history of modern engineering. He was one of the last of that distinguished band of pioneers who by example and by teaching helped to bridge the gulf that had for ages existed between the study of abstract science and its practical application in engineering. His career covered the whole period during which engineering became gradually recognized as a branch of science. It is difficult now to realize that at the time when Unwin’s engineering studies began, informed opinion was inclined still to regard as “ vulgar and sordid ” the application of science to practical engineering. Such a state of affairs at so recent a date may well astonish us, although Rankine, in the celebrated introduction to his volume on Applied Mechanics, describes how wide was the gulf fixed between the ideal and the practical by the philosophers of ancient times.

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