scholarly journals Acculturating Architectural Sublimity: Experimenting with themes of Japanese experientiality within New Zealand housing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Rachael Elisabeth Victoria Picot
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Design Research ◽  
Sense Of Self ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Vernacular Architecture ◽  
Domestic Architecture ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
Domestic Spaces ◽  
Modernist Architecture ◽  
Post War

<p>It has been argued that domestic architecture within New Zealand is increasingly dominated by international styles since the rise of modernism. According to Bill Wilson (the Group’s leader), there is a lack of understanding of foreign design principle within New Zealand modernist architecture, denying any psychological or spiritual connection within the home. This has caused a shift from what was considered a vernacular architecture to a hybrid of adopted building styles, imitated largely for their aesthetic value rather than any theoretical grounding. In New Zealand, a lack of national identity or sense of belonging within a home is said to be problematic. This thesis aims to help redefine a national vernacular and the experience of domestic space through the implementation of experientiality.  The design reconsiders domestic spaces through design-research methodologies derived from two early modernist architectural groups: the Bunriha (co-founded in 1920) with the locality of Auckland’s the Group (established in 1946). These were chosen as both groups provided manifestos for reviving each respective nation’s architecture (Japan and New Zealand) post war. The Group’s work is based purely on functionalism and economically viable solutions. It will provide the basis of architectural thought for the exploration of multiple design strategies within this thesis. While the Bunriha’s ideas are utilised for their experiential approach to modernist architecture. As The Groups’ Japanese equivalent, the Bunriha provides a successful precedent for mediating between new technology, experientiality and a vernacular style. The Bunriha’s design methodologies are extracted and appropriated to the Group’s vision for New Zealand modernism through multiple case study houses. The aim here is to introduce a new dimension of domestic architecture within specific sites chosen within Auckland. This intends to strengthen the relationships between inhabitant, home and landscape through several explorations.  The research led design results from a series of architectural strategies that respond to six design theories of shadow, reflection, permeability, materiality, interior/exterior relationship and construction. The first three are derived from the intangible considerations of Japan’s Bunriha, while the remaining respond to the tangible considerations of the Group. This is intended to transcend the preconceptions of a contemporary home through the reconsideration of intangible qualities and their value. It is proposed that this strategy will result in a heightened sense of self through the foreign concept of experientialism. The split between the different members of the Group meant a discontinuation of their early explorations of intangible qualities of space within a vernacular architecture. A continuation of their work will be intended through this thesis work.</p>

scholarly journals Acculturating Architectural Sublimity: Experimenting with themes of Japanese experientiality within New Zealand housing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Rachael Elisabeth Victoria Picot
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Design Research ◽  
Sense Of Self ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Vernacular Architecture ◽  
Domestic Architecture ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
Domestic Spaces ◽  
Modernist Architecture ◽  
Post War

<p>It has been argued that domestic architecture within New Zealand is increasingly dominated by international styles since the rise of modernism. According to Bill Wilson (the Group’s leader), there is a lack of understanding of foreign design principle within New Zealand modernist architecture, denying any psychological or spiritual connection within the home. This has caused a shift from what was considered a vernacular architecture to a hybrid of adopted building styles, imitated largely for their aesthetic value rather than any theoretical grounding. In New Zealand, a lack of national identity or sense of belonging within a home is said to be problematic. This thesis aims to help redefine a national vernacular and the experience of domestic space through the implementation of experientiality.  The design reconsiders domestic spaces through design-research methodologies derived from two early modernist architectural groups: the Bunriha (co-founded in 1920) with the locality of Auckland’s the Group (established in 1946). These were chosen as both groups provided manifestos for reviving each respective nation’s architecture (Japan and New Zealand) post war. The Group’s work is based purely on functionalism and economically viable solutions. It will provide the basis of architectural thought for the exploration of multiple design strategies within this thesis. While the Bunriha’s ideas are utilised for their experiential approach to modernist architecture. As The Groups’ Japanese equivalent, the Bunriha provides a successful precedent for mediating between new technology, experientiality and a vernacular style. The Bunriha’s design methodologies are extracted and appropriated to the Group’s vision for New Zealand modernism through multiple case study houses. The aim here is to introduce a new dimension of domestic architecture within specific sites chosen within Auckland. This intends to strengthen the relationships between inhabitant, home and landscape through several explorations.  The research led design results from a series of architectural strategies that respond to six design theories of shadow, reflection, permeability, materiality, interior/exterior relationship and construction. The first three are derived from the intangible considerations of Japan’s Bunriha, while the remaining respond to the tangible considerations of the Group. This is intended to transcend the preconceptions of a contemporary home through the reconsideration of intangible qualities and their value. It is proposed that this strategy will result in a heightened sense of self through the foreign concept of experientialism. The split between the different members of the Group meant a discontinuation of their early explorations of intangible qualities of space within a vernacular architecture. A continuation of their work will be intended through this thesis work.</p>

scholarly journals Micro-Living: Learning to Live Large in Small Spaces

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Simon Richmond
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Public Perception ◽  
Design Research ◽  
Design Method ◽  
High Density ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
Spatial Design ◽  
The Future ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Living Environments

<p>High-density living has always been proclaimed as a way of the future, but the future is now here and we are plagued by inadequate, uninviting city-living environments. This design research paper aims to produce an alternate design method that can be applied to apartment living in New Zealand to produce positive, affordable apartment designs.  The late 20th and early 21st centuries has seen urban New Zealand become an increasingly popular place to live. Large numbers are drawn to the cities by the convenience of closer proximity to amenities and greater job prospects. This urbanisation overlaps with the constant growth of the country’s overall population which, combined, puts pressure on cities as land becomes an increasingly rare commodity. In response, cities often expand outward. The negative effect of this has been heavily documented.  The introduction of high density living solutions has attempted to combat the ever increasing ‘suburban sprawl.’ Many apartment complexes have risen in response to this demand, especially in the cities of Auckland and Wellington. However, this is where the problem develops. A large proportion of smaller, more affordable apartments have been identifi ed to be poorly designed, producing low quality spaces and unsatisfactory living environments. Moreover, the public perception of these ‘shoebox’ apartments is highly negative.  This research not only investigates the issues associated with the small apartments in New Zealand but seeks to improve upon them by learning from an international precedent. The Japanese architectural movement of Kyosho-Jutaku or Micro-living provides urban accommodation through space effi cient stand-alone dwellings. These dwellings were developed in response to the harsh urban and economic conditions in the early 1990s and continue to be built throughout Japan’s urban prefectures. The architects of Japanese micro-architecture approach small spaces with design strategies resulting in interiors which appear expansive beyond their physical limits and produce quality living environments. Through the analysis and diagrammatic formulation of these Japanese micro-architecture design strategies, this research aims to produce an applicable technique for ‘micro’ design in New Zealand. The contexts are removed allowing the singular strategies to be understood and manipulated, expanding the design possibilities for each technique. Ultimately, this thesis tests the applicability of planning and spatial design strategies, adapted from Japanese micro-architecture, to a New Zealand context in the development of small, high quality urban apartments.</p>

scholarly journals Micro-Living: Learning to Live Large in Small Spaces

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Simon Richmond
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Public Perception ◽  
Design Research ◽  
Design Method ◽  
High Density ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
Spatial Design ◽  
The Future ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Living Environments

<p>High-density living has always been proclaimed as a way of the future, but the future is now here and we are plagued by inadequate, uninviting city-living environments. This design research paper aims to produce an alternate design method that can be applied to apartment living in New Zealand to produce positive, affordable apartment designs.  The late 20th and early 21st centuries has seen urban New Zealand become an increasingly popular place to live. Large numbers are drawn to the cities by the convenience of closer proximity to amenities and greater job prospects. This urbanisation overlaps with the constant growth of the country’s overall population which, combined, puts pressure on cities as land becomes an increasingly rare commodity. In response, cities often expand outward. The negative effect of this has been heavily documented.  The introduction of high density living solutions has attempted to combat the ever increasing ‘suburban sprawl.’ Many apartment complexes have risen in response to this demand, especially in the cities of Auckland and Wellington. However, this is where the problem develops. A large proportion of smaller, more affordable apartments have been identifi ed to be poorly designed, producing low quality spaces and unsatisfactory living environments. Moreover, the public perception of these ‘shoebox’ apartments is highly negative.  This research not only investigates the issues associated with the small apartments in New Zealand but seeks to improve upon them by learning from an international precedent. The Japanese architectural movement of Kyosho-Jutaku or Micro-living provides urban accommodation through space effi cient stand-alone dwellings. These dwellings were developed in response to the harsh urban and economic conditions in the early 1990s and continue to be built throughout Japan’s urban prefectures. The architects of Japanese micro-architecture approach small spaces with design strategies resulting in interiors which appear expansive beyond their physical limits and produce quality living environments. Through the analysis and diagrammatic formulation of these Japanese micro-architecture design strategies, this research aims to produce an applicable technique for ‘micro’ design in New Zealand. The contexts are removed allowing the singular strategies to be understood and manipulated, expanding the design possibilities for each technique. Ultimately, this thesis tests the applicability of planning and spatial design strategies, adapted from Japanese micro-architecture, to a New Zealand context in the development of small, high quality urban apartments.</p>

scholarly journals Inter-transitional Architecture: New Spatial Models for Prisoner Reintegration in New Zealand

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Emilia Brown
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Design Research ◽  
Sense Of Self ◽  
Spatial Models ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Careful Consideration ◽  
Transitional Housing ◽  
Personal View ◽  
Recidivism Rates

<p>The aim of this research was to explore the design of transitional housing for newly released prisoners from the New Zealand prison environment. This was achieved through the development of an architecture that provides a dynamic, vibrant, beautiful and connective environment for those using the space.  Reconnecting released prisoners with society requires careful consideration. The use of architecture may aid released prisoner’s societal habilitation and wellbeing by creating informed dynamic interior spaces.  The issues released prisoners face when trying to reintegrate back into society were analysed. This research focused on how these issues can be addressed through the built environment. Current issues include the lack of supportive accommodation available to released prisoners, the lack of successful mental health interventions, the disproportionate representation of the population in New Zealand prisons and the absence of healing environments for released prisoners.  The research provides evidence that a family and community based model for transitional housing could be successful in New Zealand. It also discussed how released prisoners can improve their personal view of themselves when they are adequately supported by their family and have a strong connection to their site, culture and context. It is argued that released prisoner’s positive sense of self may improve their mental health and recidivism rates. An improvement of recidivism rates is valuable to wider society’s safety.   The research suggests that an ambient, healing and calm atmosphere might be achieved through material texture and tactility and natural lighting in a family and cultural based model.  The proposed design was aimed at a small focus group of three released prisoners and their family members. The purpose was to reconnect and support the family through the reintegration of the released prisoner. There are three main blocks in the design: a reflection space, a communal block, and three private blocks for each family. The design of the walls aimed to visually connect the users to the context of the building and to act as a prompt to establish a relationship with their cultural background. The proposed design uses materiality, lighting and symbolism as techniques to improve the therapeutic atmosphere of the interior.  The design research process and the proposed design was critically analysed and reflected on. The research is related back to a global context and collectively a contribution to the existing body of knowledge was made.</p>

scholarly journals Rise, Ruin & Regeneration: An Examination of the Regeneration of Post-War Suburban State Housing in New Zealand

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
James Arps
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
Specific Design ◽  
Design Case ◽  
Regenerative Design ◽  
Post War ◽  
Design Case Study

<p>Over 70 years since it was completed, the house at 12 Fife Lane, Miramar, New Zealand’s first state house, looks unchanged. However, the intervening years have seen the failure of some state housing models, the deteriorating condition of others, as well as shifting and increasing housing demands. This thesis examines the urban and architectural design, and the subsequent redevelopment, both private and state-initiated, of post-war suburban state housing in New Zealand. The objective of this thesis is to understand through analysis of existing literature, case study fieldwork, and redevelopment examples, the evolving urban and architectural design of these areas and dwellings, which have arguably shaped the residential face of the nation. The outcomes of this thesis are a series of design strategies for the regeneration of post-war suburban state housing in New Zealand. The purpose of these regenerative design strategies is to address a range of significant issues that the Housing New Zealand Corporation faces, while acknowledging the remaining value of the original investment in post-war suburban state housing. The regenerative design strategies are developed from the earlier research, and are broken into three distinct, but inter-related topics. These are suburban environments, state properties, and state houses, and are examined through a specific design case study. The design case study articulates the potential of regeneration to address a number of issues which became apparent through the research. This thesis concludes that while state housing may never again signify in every sense the ‘very heart of the New Zealand dream’ (Ferguson, 1994, p.117), through regeneration it can, once again, be a certain benchmark for housing generally, and can continue to provide for the nation for at least another 70 years.</p>

scholarly journals Flight of the Factory

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Mark Lovelock
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Design Research ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Design Guidelines ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
Industrial Heritage ◽  
Heritage Buildings ◽  
Design Case ◽  
Design Case Study

<p>New Zealand’s industrial heritage is largely forgotten and at risk of being lost. Without intervention, these buildings will continue to decay until demolition becomes the only feasible option. This design research investigates how laminated timber can be used to adaptively re-use industrial heritage buildings. Adaptive re-use allows a new programme to occur within an existing heritage site, while simultaneously acknowledging its significance. This research produces a set of design guidelines and strategies that can be used to inform future projects.  Laminated timber is typically used in the construction of new buildings and is becoming an increasingly popular choice of material due to recent technological developments and its sustainable profile. This design research explores the use of laminated timber within the adaptive re-use of industrial heritage buildings as an alternative to typical strengthening materials, such as steel and concrete.  The ruins of the Tokomaru Bay Freezing Works is used as a design case study to explore the research question. Located 90km north of Gisborne, Tokomaru Bay is a typical example of the boom and bust experienced in the primary industries of provincial New Zealand during the 20th century. Constructed from Unreinforced Masonry (U.R.M), the freezing works opened in 1910 and initially brought prosperity and development to the region. After the factory’s closure in 1952, the freezing works was abandoned and quickly fell into disrepair and the Tokomaru Bay community sharply declined. This design case study aims to explore the contribution of laminated timber within the adaptive re-use of U.R.M in the context of a mānuka honey factory and garden nursery, within the ruins of the Tokomaru Bay Freezing Works.  Using strategies identified throughout the design research, this case study shows the beneficial relationship that can be achieved between the use of new (laminated timber) and existing heritage fabric (U.R.M) that is compatible with economic revitalisation of small town New Zealand. While acknowledging the limitations of laminated timber, this research identifies five design criteria; architectural character, structure, heritage significance, envelope and program, to assess the success of the design strategies identified.</p>

scholarly journals Flight of the Factory

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Mark Lovelock
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Design Research ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Design Guidelines ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
Industrial Heritage ◽  
Heritage Buildings ◽  
Design Case ◽  
Design Case Study

<p>New Zealand’s industrial heritage is largely forgotten and at risk of being lost. Without intervention, these buildings will continue to decay until demolition becomes the only feasible option. This design research investigates how laminated timber can be used to adaptively re-use industrial heritage buildings. Adaptive re-use allows a new programme to occur within an existing heritage site, while simultaneously acknowledging its significance. This research produces a set of design guidelines and strategies that can be used to inform future projects.  Laminated timber is typically used in the construction of new buildings and is becoming an increasingly popular choice of material due to recent technological developments and its sustainable profile. This design research explores the use of laminated timber within the adaptive re-use of industrial heritage buildings as an alternative to typical strengthening materials, such as steel and concrete.  The ruins of the Tokomaru Bay Freezing Works is used as a design case study to explore the research question. Located 90km north of Gisborne, Tokomaru Bay is a typical example of the boom and bust experienced in the primary industries of provincial New Zealand during the 20th century. Constructed from Unreinforced Masonry (U.R.M), the freezing works opened in 1910 and initially brought prosperity and development to the region. After the factory’s closure in 1952, the freezing works was abandoned and quickly fell into disrepair and the Tokomaru Bay community sharply declined. This design case study aims to explore the contribution of laminated timber within the adaptive re-use of U.R.M in the context of a mānuka honey factory and garden nursery, within the ruins of the Tokomaru Bay Freezing Works.  Using strategies identified throughout the design research, this case study shows the beneficial relationship that can be achieved between the use of new (laminated timber) and existing heritage fabric (U.R.M) that is compatible with economic revitalisation of small town New Zealand. While acknowledging the limitations of laminated timber, this research identifies five design criteria; architectural character, structure, heritage significance, envelope and program, to assess the success of the design strategies identified.</p>

scholarly journals Inter-transitional Architecture: New Spatial Models for Prisoner Reintegration in New Zealand

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Emilia Brown
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Design Research ◽  
Sense Of Self ◽  
Spatial Models ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Careful Consideration ◽  
Transitional Housing ◽  
Personal View ◽  
Recidivism Rates

<p>The aim of this research was to explore the design of transitional housing for newly released prisoners from the New Zealand prison environment. This was achieved through the development of an architecture that provides a dynamic, vibrant, beautiful and connective environment for those using the space.  Reconnecting released prisoners with society requires careful consideration. The use of architecture may aid released prisoner’s societal habilitation and wellbeing by creating informed dynamic interior spaces.  The issues released prisoners face when trying to reintegrate back into society were analysed. This research focused on how these issues can be addressed through the built environment. Current issues include the lack of supportive accommodation available to released prisoners, the lack of successful mental health interventions, the disproportionate representation of the population in New Zealand prisons and the absence of healing environments for released prisoners.  The research provides evidence that a family and community based model for transitional housing could be successful in New Zealand. It also discussed how released prisoners can improve their personal view of themselves when they are adequately supported by their family and have a strong connection to their site, culture and context. It is argued that released prisoner’s positive sense of self may improve their mental health and recidivism rates. An improvement of recidivism rates is valuable to wider society’s safety.   The research suggests that an ambient, healing and calm atmosphere might be achieved through material texture and tactility and natural lighting in a family and cultural based model.  The proposed design was aimed at a small focus group of three released prisoners and their family members. The purpose was to reconnect and support the family through the reintegration of the released prisoner. There are three main blocks in the design: a reflection space, a communal block, and three private blocks for each family. The design of the walls aimed to visually connect the users to the context of the building and to act as a prompt to establish a relationship with their cultural background. The proposed design uses materiality, lighting and symbolism as techniques to improve the therapeutic atmosphere of the interior.  The design research process and the proposed design was critically analysed and reflected on. The research is related back to a global context and collectively a contribution to the existing body of knowledge was made.</p>

scholarly journals Rise, Ruin & Regeneration: An Examination of the Regeneration of Post-War Suburban State Housing in New Zealand

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
James Arps
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
Specific Design ◽  
Design Case ◽  
Regenerative Design ◽  
Post War ◽  
Design Case Study

<p>Over 70 years since it was completed, the house at 12 Fife Lane, Miramar, New Zealand’s first state house, looks unchanged. However, the intervening years have seen the failure of some state housing models, the deteriorating condition of others, as well as shifting and increasing housing demands. This thesis examines the urban and architectural design, and the subsequent redevelopment, both private and state-initiated, of post-war suburban state housing in New Zealand. The objective of this thesis is to understand through analysis of existing literature, case study fieldwork, and redevelopment examples, the evolving urban and architectural design of these areas and dwellings, which have arguably shaped the residential face of the nation. The outcomes of this thesis are a series of design strategies for the regeneration of post-war suburban state housing in New Zealand. The purpose of these regenerative design strategies is to address a range of significant issues that the Housing New Zealand Corporation faces, while acknowledging the remaining value of the original investment in post-war suburban state housing. The regenerative design strategies are developed from the earlier research, and are broken into three distinct, but inter-related topics. These are suburban environments, state properties, and state houses, and are examined through a specific design case study. The design case study articulates the potential of regeneration to address a number of issues which became apparent through the research. This thesis concludes that while state housing may never again signify in every sense the ‘very heart of the New Zealand dream’ (Ferguson, 1994, p.117), through regeneration it can, once again, be a certain benchmark for housing generally, and can continue to provide for the nation for at least another 70 years.</p>

Unearthing Houses in Porphyreon and Chhim. Structure, Spatial Development, and Decoration of Domestic Spaces in Late Antique Phoenicia

2020 ◽  
pp. 173-195
Author(s):  
Tomasz Waliszewski ◽  
Julia Burdajewicz
Keyword(s):  
Social Structure ◽  
Late Antiquity ◽  
Research Team ◽  
Wall Painting ◽  
Domestic Architecture ◽  
Functional Study ◽  
Late Antique ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
Domestic Spaces ◽  
Residential Architecture

Porphyreon (Jiyeh/Nebi Younis) and Chhim were large rural settlements situated on the coast of modernday Lebanon, north of the Phoenician city of Sidon. As attested by the remains of residential architecture, they were thriving during the Roman Period and late Antiquity (1st–7th centuries AD). This article presents the preliminary observations on the domestic architecture uncovered at both sites, their spatial and social structure, as well as their furnishing and decoration, based on the fieldwork carried out in recent years by the joint PolishLebanese research team. The focus will be put on the wall painting fragments found in considerable numbers in Porphyreon. The iconographical and functional study of the paintings betrays to what extent the inhabitants of rural settlements in the coastal zone of the Levant were inclined to imitate the decoration of the urban houses known to them from the nearby towns, such as Berytus, but also from religious contexts represented by churches.

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