CLINICAL AND NEUROLOGICAL FEATURES OF TRAUMATIC BRAIN DISEASE DURING THE STAGES OF REHABILITATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-53
Author(s):  
Rano Azizova ◽  
◽  
Umida Shamsiyeva ◽  
Mirzohid Turabbayev ◽  
Begzod Jorayev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Pathological Process ◽  
Brain Disease ◽  
Clinical Forms ◽  
Neurological Features ◽  
Mechanisms Of Development ◽  
The Brain

Traumatic brain disease (TBHD) is a pathological process triggered by the damaging effect of mechanical energy on the brain and is characterized — with a variety of clinical forms — by the unity of etiology, pathogenetic and sanogenetic mechanisms of development and outcomes.

CLINICAL AND ELECTROMYOGRAPHIC PREDICTION OF FACIAL NERVE NEUROPATHY IN CHILDREN

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-40
Author(s):  
Nozima Asadova ◽  
◽  
Aziza Djurabekova ◽  
Saodat Igamova
Keyword(s):  
Facial Nerve ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Medical Literature ◽  
Latency Period ◽  
Pain Syndrome ◽  
Literature Discussions ◽  
Clinical Forms ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Neurological Features ◽  
Blinking Reflex

In modern medical literature, discussions continue about neuropathies of the facial nerve in children,disease factors, clinical and neurological features, the severity of the course, the difficulties of diagnosis and prognosis of the disease. The work is devoted to the analysis of the neuropathy of the facial nerve in children and adolescents, depending on the clinical forms of the disease, using electroneurosympathetic indicators, the latency period, the blinking reflex and thenatureof the lesion of the facial nerve accompanied by pain syndrome

Cerebrospinal fluid γ-aminobutyric acid levels in dogs with chronic portosystemic encephalopathy

1986 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. 749-753 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Maddison ◽  
D. Yau ◽  
P. Stewart ◽  
G. C. Farrell
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Plasma Ammonia ◽  
Portosystemic Encephalopathy ◽  
Dog Model ◽  
Csf Levels ◽  
Neurological Features ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Biochemical Abnormalities

1. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels were measured in a dog model of spontaneous chronic portosystemic encephalopathy. 2. Dogs with congenital portacaval shunts (intra- or extra-hepatic) develop neurological features of abnormal psychomotor behaviour and depressed consciousness that are consistent with the symptoms of chronic portosystemic encephalopathy in humans. In the five dogs studied, plasma ammonia was elevated, as was CSF tryptophan, both usual biochemical abnormalities in portosystemic encephalopathy. 3. CSF levels of GABA in five dogs with portosystemic encephalopathy (100 ± 13 pmol/ml) were not significantly different from those in five control dogs (96 ± 14 pmol/ml). CSF levels of GABA were not altered after ammonia infusion. 4. If enhanced GABA-ergic neurotransmission, due to influx of gut-derived GABA into the brain, is responsible for the pathophysiology of chronic portosystemic encephalopathy in this model, it is not reflected by increased levels of GABA in CSF.

scholarly journals Addiction as a brain disease revised: why it still matters, and the need for consilience

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Heilig ◽  
James MacKillop ◽  
Diana Martinez ◽  
Jürgen Rehm ◽  
Lorenzo Leggio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spontaneous Remission ◽  
Brain Disease ◽  
Substance Addiction ◽  
Alternative Reinforcement ◽  
Sociocultural Perspectives ◽  
Compulsive Behaviors ◽  
Biological Substrate ◽  
Neural Signature ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Neuroscience Community

AbstractThe view that substance addiction is a brain disease, although widely accepted in the neuroscience community, has become subject to acerbic criticism in recent years. These criticisms state that the brain disease view is deterministic, fails to account for heterogeneity in remission and recovery, places too much emphasis on a compulsive dimension of addiction, and that a specific neural signature of addiction has not been identified. We acknowledge that some of these criticisms have merit, but assert that the foundational premise that addiction has a neurobiological basis is fundamentally sound. We also emphasize that denying that addiction is a brain disease is a harmful standpoint since it contributes to reducing access to healthcare and treatment, the consequences of which are catastrophic. Here, we therefore address these criticisms, and in doing so provide a contemporary update of the brain disease view of addiction. We provide arguments to support this view, discuss why apparently spontaneous remission does not negate it, and how seemingly compulsive behaviors can co-exist with the sensitivity to alternative reinforcement in addiction. Most importantly, we argue that the brain is the biological substrate from which both addiction and the capacity for behavior change arise, arguing for an intensified neuroscientific study of recovery. More broadly, we propose that these disagreements reveal the need for multidisciplinary research that integrates neuroscientific, behavioral, clinical, and sociocultural perspectives.

scholarly journals Distribution of microRNA profiles in pre-clinical and clinical forms of murine and human prion disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lesley Cheng ◽  
Camelia Quek ◽  
Xia Li ◽  
Shayne A. Bellingham ◽  
Laura J. Ellett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prion Disease ◽  
Molecular Subtype ◽  
Prion Diseases ◽  
Clinical Stage ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Prion Infection ◽  
Clinical Forms ◽  
Therapeutic Development ◽  
The Brain

AbstractPrion diseases are distinguished by long pre-clinical incubation periods during which prions actively propagate in the brain and cause neurodegeneration. In the pre-clinical stage, we hypothesize that upon prion infection, transcriptional changes occur that can lead to early neurodegeneration. A longitudinal analysis of miRNAs in pre-clinical and clinical forms of murine prion disease demonstrated dynamic expression changes during disease progression in the affected thalamus region and serum. Serum samples at each timepoint were collected whereby extracellular vesicles (EVs) were isolated and used to identify blood-based biomarkers reflective of pathology in the brain. Differentially expressed EV miRNAs were validated in human clinical samples from patients with human sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD), with the molecular subtype at codon 129 either methionine-methionine (MM, n = 14) or valine-valine (VV, n = 12) compared to controls (n = 20). EV miRNA biomarkers associated with prion infection predicted sCJD with an AUC of 0.800 (85% sensitivity and 66.7% specificity) in a second independent validation cohort (n = 26) of sCJD and control patients with MM or VV subtype. This study discovered clinically relevant miRNAs that benefit diagnostic development to detect prion-related diseases and therapeutic development to inhibit prion infectivity.

scholarly journals ОСНОВНІ НЕВРОЛОГІЧНІ СИМТОМИ ТА ЇХ ПОШИРЕННЯ У СОБАК

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (3(71)) ◽  
pp. 240-243
Author(s):  
V. Fedorovych ◽  
L. Slivinska ◽  
N. Fedorovych
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Pathological Process ◽  
Neurological Symptoms ◽  
Nervous System Diseases ◽  
Anatomical Localization ◽  
Neurological Research ◽  
The Brain

As a result of the ambulatory reception it was investigated 12233 animals, of which 5653 (46.2%) were dogs. In the neurological research it had shown the symptoms of the nervous system damage in 653 dogs (11.5%). In particular it was found that paresis and paralysis (23.4%) were the most common neurological symptoms in dogs. Number of animals with inclination of head, ataxia, myoclonus and epileptiform state was respectively 19.8; 14.7; 11.7 and 10.5%. The manifestations of the nervous system damage as nystagmus, tremor and lameness were registered in accordance with 8.3; 4.4 and 4.1% of sick dogs. The least number of dogs were with a disorder of vision (2,8%) and hearing (0,3%), which was associated with the pathology of the nervous system. The above mentioned symptoms of the nervous system diseases do not occur as a symptom, but it was marked their combination – syndromes. The conducted neurological research makes it possible to establish the location of the pathological process in the departments of nervous system (neurons anatomical localization).As a result of the research and the results found that most dogs manifest the symptoms of damage to the brain and spinal mozkupaytiyi. Based on the results of verification of the diagnosis will be made using the methods of visual diagnostics. 

Addiction Issues in the Schools

2021 ◽  
pp. 296-314
Author(s):  
Regina Moro
Keyword(s):  
School Counselors ◽  
Disease Model ◽  
Brain Disease ◽  
Behavioral Addictions ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
The Brain

This chapter explores common issues relevant to addiction that school counselors encounter in their work. Prevalence rates are introduced that provide a context for counselors to understand how common the issue is, whether it is use amongst children/adolescents or in the households the students reside. The brain disease model is explained along with common substances of addiction as well as a discussion of behavioral addictions. Direct and indirect services focused on addiction issues in the schools. Resources for further learning are included at the end of the chapter.

Multiple Enactments of the Brain Disease Model

2022 ◽  
pp. 405-415
Author(s):  
Helen Keane ◽  
David Moore ◽  
Suzanne Fraser
Keyword(s):  
Disease Model ◽  
Brain Disease ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals Neurobiologic Advances from the Brain Disease Model of Addiction

2016 ◽  
Vol 374 (4) ◽  
pp. 363-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nora D. Volkow ◽  
George F. Koob ◽  
A. Thomas McLellan
Keyword(s):  
Disease Model ◽  
Brain Disease ◽  
The Brain
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