scholarly journals Otimização da produção de biodiesel a partir de óleo de coco babaçu com aquecimento por microondas

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Ulisses Magalhães Nascimento ◽  
Antonio Carlos Sales Vasconcelos ◽  
Eduardo Bessa Azevedo ◽  
Fernando Carvalho Silva
Keyword(s):  
Microwave Heating ◽  
Irradiation Time ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Microwave Oven ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Domestic Microwave Oven ◽  
Central Composite

Reactions under microwave heating present reduced reaction times and larger yields. Therefore, this work is aimed at adapting a domestic microwave oven and optimizing the transesterification reaction used in biodiesel production with microwave heating, using babaçu coconut oil as raw material. It was used a central composite design for varying irradiation time, KOH concentration, and oil:methanol ratio. Statistical analyses were performed in orderto assess the significance of the model used. The optimized experimental conditions were: oil:methanol ratio, 8.59; KOH concentration, 2.19 %; and irradiation time, 70 seconds, givingan yield of approximately 100% regarding esters formation.

scholarly journals Optimization of Waste Cooking Oil’s FFA as Biodiesel Feedstock

Teknomekanik ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-21
Author(s):  
Sri Rizki Putri Primandari ◽  
Andril Arafat ◽  
Harumi Veny
Keyword(s):  
Irradiation Time ◽  
Control Variable ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Biodiesel Feedstock ◽  
Temperature Irradiation ◽  
Acid Esterification ◽  
Central Composite

Waste cooking oil has high Free Fatty Acid (FFA). It affected on decreasing a biodiesel production. FFA reduction is one of important processes in biodiesel production from waste cooking oil. Thus, this study aimed to examine the optimum condition in FFA reduction. The process is assisted by using ultrasonic irradiation on acid esterification. Variables of the process are acid concentration, molar ratio of methanol and oil, and irradiation time. Meanwhile temperature irradiation on 45oC is a control variable. Process optimization is conducted by Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with Central Composite Design (CCD). The optimum conditions of response were 7.22:1 (methanol to oil molar ratio), 0.92% wt H2SO4, 26.04 minutes (irradiation time), and 45oC (irradiation temperature). Ultrasonic system reduced FFA significantly compared to conventional method.

Optimization of Esterification and Transesterification Reactions for Biodiesel Production from Crude Coconut Oil Using RSM Techniques

2016 ◽  
Vol 723 ◽  
pp. 610-615 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natta Pimngern ◽  
Vittaya Punsuvon
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Quadratic Model ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Model Equations

Crude coconut oil with high free fatty acid (FFA) content was used as a raw material to produce biodiesel. In this work, the esterification followed by transesterification of crude coconut oil with methanol is studied. The response surface methodology (RSM) with 5-level-3-factor central composite design (CCD) was applied to study the effect of different factors on the FFA content of esterification and the percentage of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) conversion of transesterification. The FAME conversion was detected by proton magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectrometer. As a result, the optimum conditions for esterification were 6:1 of methanol-to-oil molar ratio, 0.75wt% of sulfuric acid (H2SO4) concentration and 90 min of reaction time. The optimum conditions for transesterification were 8.23:1 of methanol-to-oil molar ratio, 0.75wt% of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) concentration and 80 min of reaction time. Quadratic model equations were obtained describing the relationships between dependents and independent variables to minimize the FFA content and maximize the FAME conversion. Fuel properties of the crude coconut oil biodiesel were also examined followed ASTM and EN standards. The results showed that all properties met well with both standards.

scholarly journals Optimization of Reducing Ffa Content of Waste Cooking Oil by Using Response Surface Methodology

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sri Rizki Putri Primandari ◽  
Andril Arafat ◽  
Arwizet Karudin
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Optimum Condition ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Irradiation Time ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Important Process ◽  
Acid Esterification ◽  
Central Composite

Abstract Waste cooking oil has high free fatty acid (FFA). It impact to low yield of biodiesel production. Thus, reducing FFA is one of important process as feedstock of biodiesel. This study aims to investigate the optimum condition of three important process variables which are acid concentration, molar ratio of methanol and oil, and irradiation time with the 45oC of irradiation temperature for reducing FFA. The synthesis is assisted by ultrasonic irradiation. It conducted by acid esterification with H2SO4 and methanol. Optimization is conducted by Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with central composite design (CCD). The optimum condition of response for reducing FFA less than 1% were found to be 7.22:1 of methanol to oil molar ratio, 0.92% wt of H2SO4, and 26.04 minutes of irradiation time. It has been observed that ultrasonic system reduces FFA content significantly compared to conventional method.

scholarly journals A Green Synthesis of a Novel Calix[4]Resorcinarene from 7-Hydroxycitronellal Using Microwave Irradiation

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Ratnaningsih Eko Sardjono ◽  
Iqbal Musthapa ◽  
Iis Rosliana ◽  
Fitri Khoerunnisa ◽  
Galuh Yuliani
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Microwave Irradiation ◽  
Irradiation Time ◽  
Microwave Oven ◽  
Conventional Heating ◽  
Heating Method ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Domestic Microwave Oven ◽  
Waste Production

A new versatile macromolecule cyclic C-3,7-dimethyl-7-hydroxycalix[4]resorcinarene (CDHHK4R) has been synthesized from a fragrance agent, 7-hydroxycitronellal, via microwave irradiation. The reaction utilized a domestic microwave oven at various irradiation time and power to yield an optimum condition. As a comparison, the conventional heating method was also employed for the synthesis of the same calix[4]resorcinarene. Compared to the conventional method, microwave-assisted reaction effectively reduced the reaction time, the amount of energy consumption and the waste production. It is found that the synthesis of CDHHK4R by microwave irradiation yielded 77.55% of product, higher than by conventional heating which was only 62.17%.

scholarly journals Universal Kinetic Model to Simulate Two-Step Biodiesel Production from Vegetable Oil

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 2994
Author(s):  
A. Alcantara ◽  
F. J. Lopez-Gimenez ◽  
M. P. Dorado
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Catalyst Concentration ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Homogeneous Catalyst ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Concentration Variation ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Kinetics Of

To date, to simulate biodiesel production, kinetic models from different authors have been provided, each one usually applied to the use of a specific vegetable oil and experimental conditions. Models, which may include esterification, besides transesterification simulation, were validated with their own experimental conditions and raw material. Moreover, information about the intermediate reaction steps, besides catalyst concentration variation, is either rare or nonexistent. Here, in this work, a universal mathematical model comprising the chemical kinetics of a two-step (esterification and transesterification) vegetable oil-based biodiesel reaction is proposed. The proposed model is universal, as it may simulate any vegetable oil biodiesel reaction from the literature. For this purpose, a mathematical model using the software MATLAB has been designed. Using the mathematical model, the estimation of mass variation with time, of both reactants and products, as well as glyceride conversion and homogeneous catalyst concentration variation (instead of only alcohol/catalyst solution) are allowed. Moreover, analysis of the influence of some important variables affecting the reaction kinetics of biodiesel production (e.g., catalyst concentration), along with comparison and model validation with data from different authors may be carried out. In addition, Supplementary material with a collection of 290 rate constants, derived from 55 different experiments using different vegetable oils and conditions is provided.

scholarly journals Evaluasi Pengaruh Volume Minyak Simplah Terhadap Kualitasnya Pada Pemanasan Menggunakan Energi Mikrowave

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-23
Author(s):  
Rita Khathir ◽  
Mustaqimah Mustaqimah ◽  
Raida Agustina ◽  
Sri Hartuti ◽  
Azmil Azmil
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Microwave Heating ◽  
Power Level ◽  
Oil Quality ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Microwave Oven ◽  
Virgin Coconut Oil ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Temperature Water

Abstract. Minyak simplah adalah produk lokal Aceh dari proses fermentasi kelapa yang mempunyai manfaat seperti minyak kelapa murni (VCO). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemanasan energi mikrowave terhadap kualitas minyak simplah berdasarkan variasi volume minyak. Metode yang dilakukan adalah memanaskan minyak simplah dalam mikrowave oven frekuensi 2,450 MHz selama 60 detik dengan energi 800W pada variasi volume yakni 20, 40,dan 60 ml, dengan 3x ulangan. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap suhu, kadar air, derajat keasaman, asam lemak bebas, bilangan peroksida dan warna. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan variasi volume minyak pada pemanasan mikrowave selama 60 detik meningkatkan suhu minyak secara signifikan, namun perlakuan tersebut tidak memberikan pengaruh nyata terhadap kadar air, pH, asam lemak bebas dan bilangan peroksida. Kualitas minyak simplah sebelum dan setelah pemanasan dengan mikrowave belum memenuhi standar sehingga penelitian lanjutan sangat diperlukan untuk mengkaji kemungkinan peningkatan kualitas minyak menggunakan energi mikrowave dengan memperlama waktu pemanasan.The Influence of Oil Simplah Volume to Its Quality under Microwave HeatingAbstract. The simplah oil, contained a lot of benefits as virgin coconut oil (VCO), is traditionally produced during fermentation of coconut by Acehnese. The purpose of this study is to determine the influence of microwave heating on the simplah oil quality based on the variation of its volume. The study was conducted by heating the simplah oil by using a microwave oven at frequency of 2.450MHz for 60s at power level 800W under the variation of oil volume i.e. 20, 40, and 60 ml in three replications. The parameters observed were temperature, water content, degree of acidity, free fatty acids, peroxide number and color. Results showed that the variation of oil volume after microwave heating had significant effect on temperature, but did not significantly influence the rest parameters. Since the quality of simplah oil before and after treatment did not meet the standard yet, it is very important to conduct the further study by extending the exposure time of the oil under microwave heating.  

scholarly journals Study of the production of biodiesel by enzymatic and chemical processes from used cooking oil

2019 ◽  
pp. 20-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Camilo Acevedo-Páez ◽  
Néstor Andres Urbina-Suárez ◽  
Astrid Zuleima Acevedo-Rodríguez ◽  
Luis Carlos Becerra-Orozco
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Times ◽  
Enzyme Concentration ◽  
Acid Number ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Enzymatic Transesterification ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Used Cooking Oil ◽  
Acid Esterification

The biodiesel production was analyzed by chemical and enzymatic processes, from used cooking oil (UCO), evaluating the quality and yield of the product obtained in each method. For the chemical process, an acid esterification followed by a basic transesterification was developed, (reaction temperature: 60 °C, oil:methanol 1:6 molar ratio, concentration of KOH catalyst: 1% w/w reaction times: 55 and 70 min); and enzymatic transesterification (temperature: 38 °C, oil:methanol 1:3 molar ratio, enzyme concentration lipase XX 25 split liquid: 5%, reaction times: 3 and 6 hours). Physicochemical properties (i.e. density, kinematic viscosity, moisture content, fatty acid profile, percentage of acidity, peroxides index and saponification) of the raw material were determined. Results showed the presence of oleic acid (42.45%) and palmitic acid (33.52%). The highest yield obtained was from the chemical transesterification under the conditions of 60 °C, 1% KOH and 70 min with a conversion percentage of 96.15% and an acid number of 1.33 mmKOH/g, compared to the enzymatic transesterification which registered a high acid number of 6.91 mmKOH/g and conversion percentage of 48.81% under the conditions of 38 °C, 5% of enzyme lipase and 3 hours.

scholarly journals Kinetic study of methanolysis of African palm oil (Elaeis Guineensis) for biodiesel production

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 3217-3229
Author(s):  
D. Alvarez Barrera
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Kinetics Of

Biodiesel is nowadays one of the most important biofuel alternatives for diesel engines. The feasibility of its production on each country depends mainly on the raw material selected for this purpose and its availability. African palm has proved to be a good alternative for biodiesel’s production in countries close to Ecuador due to the weather conditions help to have high oil yields by hectare.  Kinetics of transesterification of this oil with methanol in a basic catalytic medium with sodium hydroxide was studied doing a statistical analysis to find the ratios of methanol and catalyst that allow the best yield of biofuel.  The hydroxide ratio found was 0.6 % w/w and the best methanol molar ratio was 5:1. Yields over 90% were obtained at low-medium temperatures in reaction times of 25 minutes. Kinetics of esterification of fatty acids with sodium hydroxide was also obtained as a complement of the study to show the impact of saponification in biodiesel’s production.   O biodiesel é hoje em dia uma das mais importantes alternativas aos biocombustíveis para motores diesel. A viabilidade da sua produção em cada país depende principalmente da matéria-prima seleccionada para o efeito e da sua disponibilidade. A palma africana provou ser uma boa alternativa para a produção de biodiesel em países próximos do Equador, devido às condições climatéricas que ajudam a ter elevados rendimentos petrolíferos por hectare.  A cinética de transesterificação deste óleo com metanol num meio catalítico básico com hidróxido de sódio foi estudada fazendo uma análise estatística para encontrar os rácios de metanol e catalisador que permitem o melhor rendimento do biocombustível.  A razão de hidróxido encontrada foi de 0,6% p/p e a melhor razão molar do metanol foi de 5:1. Produções superiores a 90% foram obtidas a baixas temperaturas médias em tempos de reacção de 25 minutos. A cinética de esterificação de ácidos gordos com hidróxido de sódio foi também obtida como complemento do estudo para mostrar o impacto da saponificação na produção de biodiesel.

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