Productivity of binary herbage based on non-traditional forage crops in the Upper Volga region

Author(s):  
N. V. Shmeleva ◽  

The article presents the results of field studies aimed at expanding the species composition of herbs and the search for adaptive cereals with a high sugar content in the Upper Volga region in 2015-2020.

Spring wheat is the main grain crop. Stable production of high-quality wheat grain is the key to the country's food independence. Therefore, the study of the elements of growing spring wheat technology, aimed at increasing the productivity of crops, is important. The study of the interaction of plants and microorganisms depending on the level of mineral nutrition in crop planning is currently ofparticular relevance. The use of biological products, growth regulators improves the mineral nutrition of plants, increases productivity and its quality, and also provides savings in mineral fertilizers. In the upper Volga region, the main spring crops are wheat, barley and oats. To further increase them in the region, it is necessary to study the characteristics of the formation of yields and determine the most productive crops depending on the level of nutrition, biological products and growth regulators. The scientific article presents the results of the study of these drugs on the productivity of spring wheat. In field experiments, it was planned to get 30, 40 and 50 tons of grain per hectare. Fertilizers for the planned harvest were made taking into account the agrochemical properties of the soil. From biological products used Flavobacterin, which has a protective effect against diseases and improves product quality, from growth regulators used agrochemicals HUMATE + 7 (10 % liquid concentrate), which is characterized by high biological activity. The yield level was determined taking into account the average long-term moisture supply and qualitative assessment of arable land. The indicators of photosynthetic activity of crops, crop and its structure, quality characteristics of grain and economic efficiency of growing spring wheat in the upper Volga region are presented. As a result of researches the optimum level of mineral nutrition for wheat, the efficacy of agrochemical diazotroph and programming yields of spring wheat, determined the photosynthetic activity of crops and grain yield, calculated economic efficiency of the studied techniques and established the qualitative characteristics of the crop. The program for obtaining the planned wheat yields in the years of the experiments was completed by 68-91 %. Close to the planned the program was implemented using a biological product and growth regulator-74-91 %.


1974 ◽  
Vol 52 (12) ◽  
pp. 2533-2538 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Brewer ◽  
K. J. Collyard ◽  
C. E. Lott Jr.

Nectar produced by pistillate flowers of the dwarf mistletoe Arceuthobium abietinum Engelm. was analyzed by thin-layer and gas–liquid chromatography. The inconspicuous (0.5–1.5 mm) flowers produce relatively large (0.24 μliter) droplets of highly concentrated nectar (58–92% total solids, expressed as sugars). The major components were glucose (48%), fructose (39%), and sucrose (11%). Traces of other sugars were also present. It is suggested that nectar of this high sugar content is probably a strong insect pollinator attractant, and this, in turn, may be a major factor in the successful spread of the parasitic dwarf mistletoes.


2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-62
Author(s):  
Sabir Esedullaev

Представлены результаты многолетних исследований по изучению характера годовых изменений структуры поливидовых посевов кормовых культур, их густоты, ботанического состава и продуктивное долголетие на потенциально бедных дерново-подзолистых почвах. Установлены годовые изменения плотности травостоя поливидовых посевов клевера и люцерны со злаковыми травами, в том числе и такой нетрадиционной для области как фестулолиум. Выявлено, что наивысшая плотность травостоя клевера наблюдается на второй год хозяйственного использования — 490 шт. стеблей на 1 м2 на контроле и 536 шт. на фоне минерального питания, с годами она резко снижается, а у люцерны изменчивой она остается высокой, значительно не меняясь. В смешанных посевах с клевером его доля снижается от первого года пользования к четвертому от 63,1–75,1% до 15–26%, а у люцерны изменчивой, напротив, увеличивается с 35,2–43,0% до 80,5–85,5%. Максимальные показатели продуктивности массы, сбалансированной по питательным веществам, обеспечивают смеси клевера и люцерны с фестулолиумом — соответственно 6,49 и 9,29 т/га сухого вещества, 5,83 и 7,65 тыс./га кормовых единиц, 654 и 1103 кг/га переваримого протеина на контроле и соответственно 7,6, 6,94, 690 и 9,89, 8,73, 1160 на фоне минерального питания. Сахаропротеиновое отношение по мере старения посевов снижалось, близким к норме оно было на контроле у клевера с фестулолиумом — 0,75, на фоне минерального питания — у клевера с фестулолиумом и райграсом — 0,82 и 0,88 соответственно.


2019 ◽  
Vol 109 (5) ◽  
pp. 328 ◽  
Author(s):  
N C Marais ◽  
N J Christofides ◽  
A Erzse ◽  
K J Hofman

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariateresa Ferone ◽  
Alessia Ercole ◽  
Francesca Raganati ◽  
Giuseppe Olivieri ◽  
Piero Salatino ◽  
...  

1990 ◽  
Vol 42 (12) ◽  
pp. 468-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Henry ◽  
Anthony B. Blakeney ◽  
Reginald C. M. Lance

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