Effects of clearcutting, patch cutting, and low-density shelterwoods on breeding birds and tree regeneration in New Hampshire northern hardwoods

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariko Yamasaki ◽  
Christine A. Costello ◽  
William B. Leak
Keyword(s):  
New Hampshire ◽  
Breeding Birds ◽  
Tree Regeneration ◽  
Northern Hardwoods ◽  
Low Density

scholarly journals Growth of Northern Hardwoods in New England: A 25-Year Update

2008 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
William B. Leak ◽  
Jeffrey H. Gove
Keyword(s):  
New England ◽  
New Hampshire ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Northern Hardwoods ◽  
Red Maple ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Northern Hardwood ◽  
Diameter Distributions

Abstract Twenty-five-year results from a study of four stand density levels and three percentages of sawtimber in a beech-red maple-birch-hemlock stand in New Hampshire showed that moderate stand densities of 60- to 80-ft2/ac with 25- to 30-ft2 of sawtimber produced the best growth responses. Ingrowth was dominated by beech, red maple, and hemlock. Treatments with low initial numbers of poletimber stems had well-developed J-shaped or slightly sigmoid diameter distributions after 25 years. Results apply to the first entries into northern hardwood stands ofmoderate vigor and quality.

Seedling input, death, and growth in uneven-aged northern hardwoods

1976 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 368-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
William B. Leak ◽  
Raymond E. Graber
Keyword(s):  
New Hampshire ◽  
Stand Structure ◽  
Northern Hardwoods ◽  
Diameter Growth ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Northern Hardwood ◽  
Growth Equations ◽  
Constrained Behavior

Seedling input, death, and diameter growth equations, covering a broad range in stand densities, were developed from short-term remeasured plot data in northern hardwood stands in New Hampshire. Long-term simulated changes in stand structure based on these equations exhibited logical constrained behavior.

scholarly journals Accuracy of Regeneration Surveys in New England Northern Hardwoods

2007 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
William B. Leak
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
New England ◽  
New Hampshire ◽  
Northern Hardwoods ◽  
Harvest Intensity ◽  
Tolerant Species ◽  
Shade Tolerant Species ◽  
Small Plot ◽  
Bartlett Experimental Forest ◽  
Current Species

Abstract Four 5-ac demonstration harvests were initiated in 1951 on the Bartlett Experimental Forest, New Hampshire: light selection, moderate selection, diameter limit, and liquidation. In 1952 and 1959, regeneration surveys were conducted that measured several different attributes of the seedlings and saplings in the cutover stands. In 2005, the stands were remeasured to determine the relationships of the various regeneration measures to current species composition of the pole-timber portion of the stands. Although predictions were somewhat variable and imperfect, the best measures for shade-tolerant species were those that took account of the sapling layer, and measures based on the dominant stem per small plot were best for less-tolerant species. Combining both attributes, these results suggest that the best approach would be a small-plot survey (milacre or slightly larger) that simply records the dominant stem per plot including stems up through the sapling size classes (less than 4.5-in. dbh). This could be taken before harvest, to predict the effects of a light partial cut, or 5–7 years after harvest, to predict future species composition after any harvest intensity.

Lead Reduction and Redistribution in the Forest Floor in New Hampshire Northern Hardwoods

2004 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth D. Yanai ◽  
David G. Ray ◽  
Thomas G. Siccama
Keyword(s):  
New Hampshire ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Northern Hardwoods

The understorey palm Licuala (Arecaceae) suppresses tree regeneration in a lowland forest in Asia

2005 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 703-706 ◽  
Author(s):  
James V. LaFrankie ◽  
L. G. Saw
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Seedling Recruitment ◽  
Spatial Association ◽  
Humid Tropics ◽  
Tree Regeneration ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Lowland Forest ◽  
Young Tree ◽  
Saw Palmetto

The establishment and growth of a young tree requires a microsite that falls within a range of specific environmental conditions. Microsites will to some degree be modified by such neighbouring plants as are already established, a circumstance that will in turn lead to either a positive or negative spatial association among the individuals. Such patterns of spatial interactions are amenable to statistical inference. Positive associations may result when one species ameliorates overall hostile conditions, such as the shade and moisture provided the seedlings of long-leaf pine by the canopy of the saw palmetto (Allen 1956). Indeed, positive associations appear widespread in arid and cold habitats (reviewed in Tirado & Pugnaire 2003). However, on the forest floor of the humid tropics, negative associations are presumably more likely (Montgomery 2004). Harms et al. (2004) recently found a correlation between high density of small palms and a low density of tree saplings across four Neotropical sites, while Wang & Augspurger (2004) demonstrated that dwarf palms and cyclanths reduce seedling recruitment on the forest floor in Costa Rica.

Lead Reduction and Redistribution in the Forest Floor in New Hampshire Northern Hardwoods

2004 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth D. Yanai ◽  
David G. Ray ◽  
Thomas G. Siccama
Keyword(s):  
New Hampshire ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Northern Hardwoods

scholarly journals Stand Structure in Evenaged Northern Hardwoods: Development and Silvicultural Implications

1999 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-119
Author(s):  
William B. Leak
Keyword(s):  
New Hampshire ◽  
Stand Structure ◽  
Canopy Structure ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Diameter Distribution ◽  
Northern Hardwoods ◽  
Gradual Transition ◽  
Northern Hardwood ◽  
Size Classes ◽  
Paper Birch

Abstract Stand structure was examined in evenaged northern hardwoods in New Hampshire in terms of diameter distribution (numbers of trees by dbh class) and spatial distribution of basal area by species. Diameter distributions by species and for all species combined were graphed for stands varying in age class from 7-9 yr up to 60-68 yr. Over time, these northern hardwood stands develop a layered canopy structure with the intolerant and short-lived paper birch and aspen dominating the larger size classes and exhibiting a bell-shaped diameter distribution. Longer lived species, most abundant in the smaller size classes, exhibit flat or very skewed bell-shaped distributions. The usual silvicultural recommendation in such stands is to thin to prescribed stocking levels, leaving adequate stocking in larger stems of the longer lived species and gradually removing the intolerants as they reach maturity. However, appreciable spatial variation in the abundance of aspen-birch and longer lived species may prevent uniform application of this approach; i.e., some areas in certain stands do not have adequate stocking of the longer lived species once the aspen-birch is removed.In variable stands such as this, a gradual transition to group selection may be a better tactic. North. J. Appl. For. 16(2):115-119.

Application of Improved Voltage Compensation in the SEM to Imaging of Organic Materials

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 444-445
Author(s):  
P.J. Killingworth ◽  
M. Warren
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Organic Materials ◽  
Operating Parameters ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Beam Diameter ◽  
Incident Electron Beam ◽  
Specimen Material ◽  
Voltage Compensation ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Scanning Electron

Ultimate resolution in the scanning electron microscope is determined not only by the diameter of the incident electron beam, but by interaction of that beam with the specimen material. Generally, while minimum beam diameter diminishes with increasing voltage, due to the reduced effect of aberration component and magnetic interference, the excited volume within the sample increases with electron energy. Thus, for any given material and imaging signal, there is an optimum volt age to achieve best resolution.In the case of organic materials, which are in general of low density and electric ally non-conducting; and may in addition be susceptible to radiation and heat damage, the selection of correct operating parameters is extremely critical and is achiev ed by interative adjustment.

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