scholarly journals Surveillance of acute infectious gastroenteritis (1992–2009) and food-borne disease outbreaks (1996–2009) in Italy, with a focus on the Piedmont and Lombardy regions

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
L Mughini-Gras ◽  
C Graziani ◽  
F Biorci ◽  
A Pavan ◽  
R Magliola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Notification System ◽  
Lombardy Region ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Regional Systems ◽  
Infectious Gastroenteritis ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Notification Data ◽  
And Control

We describe trends in the occurrence of acute infectious gastroenteritis (1992 to 2009) and food-borne disease outbreaks (1996 to 2009) in Italy. In 2002, the Piedmont region implemented a surveillance system for early detection and control of food-borne disease outbreaks; in 2004, the Lombardy region implemented a system for surveillance of all notifiable human infectious diseases. Both systems are internet based. We compared the regional figures with the national mean using official notification data provided by the National Infectious Diseases Notification System (SIMI) and the National Institute of Statistics (ISTAT), in order to provide additional information about the epidemiology of these diseases in Italy. When compared with the national mean, data from the two regional systems showed a significant increase in notification rates of non-typhoid salmonellosis and infectious diarrhoea other than non-typhoid salmonellosis, but for food-borne disease outbreaks, the increase was not statistically significant. Although the two regional systems have different objectives and structures, they showed improved sensitivity regarding notification of cases of acute infectious gastroenteritis and, to a lesser extent, food-borne disease outbreaks, and thus provide a more complete picture of the epidemiology of these diseases in Italy.

scholarly journals Monitoring for outbreak associated excess mortality in an African city: Detection limits in Antananarivo, Madagascar

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fidisoa Rasambainarivo ◽  
Anjarasoa Rasoanomenjanahary ◽  
Joelinotahiana Hasina Rabarison ◽  
Tanjona Ramiadantsoa ◽  
Rila Ratovoson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Excess Mortality ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
African City ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Notification System ◽  
Infectious Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Measles Outbreak ◽  
Death Notification ◽  
Notification Data ◽  
The Impact

AbstractQuantitative estimates of the impact of infectious disease outbreaks are required to develop measured policy responses. In many low- and middle-income countries, inadequate surveillance and incompleteness of death registration are important barriers. Here, we characterize how large an impact on mortality would have to be to be detectable using the uniquely detailed mortality notification data from the city of Antananarivo in Madagascar, with application to a recent measles outbreak. The weekly mortality rate of children during the 2018-2019 measles outbreak was 154% above the expected value at its peak, and the signal can be detected earlier in children than in the general population. This approach to detecting anomalies from expected baseline mortality allows us to delineate the prevalence of COVID-19 at which excess mortality would be detectable with the existing death notification system in the capital of Madagascar. Given current age-specific estimates of the COVID-19 fatality ratio and the age structure of the population in Antananarivo, we estimate that as few as 11 deaths per week in the 60-70 years age group (corresponding to an infection rate of approximately 1%) would detectably exceed the baseline. Data from 2020 will undergo necessary processing and quality control in the coming months. Our results provide a baseline for interpreting this information.

scholarly journals Underreporting of communicable diseases in the prefecture of Achaia, western Greece, 1999-2004 – missed opportunities for early intervention

2010 ◽  
Vol 15 (21) ◽  
Author(s):  
E Jelastopulu ◽  
G Merekoulias ◽  
E C Alexopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Health Centre ◽  
Health Resources ◽  
Health Department ◽  
Public Health Department ◽  
Missed Opportunities ◽  
Notification System ◽  
And Control ◽  
Western Greece

This study investigates the completeness of the reporting of infectious diseases in the prefecture of Achaia, western Greece in the period of 1999-2004. We collected hospital records relating to infectious diseases retrospectively from three major hospitals in the region and compared the records to corresponding records at the prefectural public health department (PHD). After record-linkage and cross-validation a total of 1,143 notifiable cases were identified in the three hospitals, of which 707 were reported to the PHD of Achaia, resulting in an observed underreporting of infectious diseases of 38% during the study period. At prefecture level, a further 259 cases were notified by other sources, mainly by the fourth hospital of the region not included in our study, resulting in a total of 966 cases reported to the PHD; 73% of these were reported from the three hospitals included in our study, 27% were notified by the fourth hospital not included in our study and less then 0,3% by physicians working in a private practice or health centre. Meningitis (51%), tuberculosis (12%) and salmonellosis (8%) were the most frequently reported diseases followed by hospitalised cases of varicella (7%), brucellosis (6%) and hepatitis (6%). During the study period, clustering of specific diseases like brucellosis, meningitis, mumps, and salmonellosis was observed, indicating possible outbreaks. Our results show that notification system needs to be improved, in order to ensure proper health resources allocation and implementation of focused prevention and control strategies.

scholarly journals Neglect of common infectious disease outbreaks during the COVID-19 pandemic: an impending crisis in Nigeria?

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-116
Author(s):  
T. Soyemi
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Mots Clés ◽  
Infectious Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Soins De Santé ◽  
Common Infectious Disease ◽  
Fact Checking ◽  
And Control ◽  
Prevention Resource

Infectious diseases are major challenges of healthcare system in Nigeria. The coronavirus disease-19 (COVID19) pandemic has disrupted many systems including healthcare at all levels by creating disparities in the treatment, prevention, resource allocation and control of diseases in Nigeria. Premised on the foundation of circulating news and fact-checking platforms, this paper provides empirical evidence on varying perceptions on COVID-19 pandemic and apparent neglect of other infectious diseases while giving a critical analysis andcomparison between them. Keywords: COVID-19; infectious diseases; neglect; Nigeria   French title: Négliger les flambées de maladies infectieuses courantes pendantla pandémie COVID-19: une crise imminente au Nigeria? Les maladies infectieuses sont des défis majeurs du système de santé au Nigeria. La pandémie de coronavirus19 (COVID-19) a perturbé de nombreux systèmes, y compris les soins de santé à tous les niveaux, en créant des disparités dans le traitement, la prévention, l'allocation des ressources et le contrôle des maladies au Nigéria. Fondé sur la diffusion d'informations et de plates-formes de vérification des faits, cet article fournit des preuves empiriques sur les différentes perceptions de la pandémie de COVID-19 et la négligence apparente d'autres maladies infectieuses tout en fournissant une analyse critique et une comparaison entre elles. Mots clés: COVID-19; maladies infectieuses; négligence; Nigeria

scholarly journals Discussion on infection prevention and control when media reporters enter into isolation wards during COVID-19 epidemic

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Infection Prevention And Control ◽  
Efficient Manner ◽  
Infectious Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
And Control

The mass media serves as an indispensable force in the prevention and control of epidemics, and plays a vital role in information distribution, public opinion guidance and confidence enhancement during a pandemic of infectious diseases. However, due to the particularity of infectious disease outbreaks, interview work in medical institutions should be conducted in an orderly and efficient manner under the guidance of hospital-acquired infection control and prevention protocols. This paper summarizes measures for infection control during news material collection in isolation wards from Beijing’s medical aid team to Hubei province in the fight against COVID-19, so as to provide a reference for the media to carry out relevant work on the prevention and control of infectious diseases in the future.

Communicable and Other Infectious Diseases

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Frischhut
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
European Union ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Eu Law ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Ethical Perspective ◽  
Health Measures ◽  
Environment Agency ◽  
And Control

This chapter discusses the most important features of EU law on infectious diseases. Communicable diseases not only cross borders, they also often require measures that cross different areas of policy because of different vectors for disease transmission. The relevant EU law cannot be attributed to one sectoral policy only, and thus various EU agencies participate in protecting public health. The key agency is the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Other important agencies include the European Environment Agency; European Food Safety Authority; and the Consumers, Health, Agriculture and Food Executive Agency. However, while integration at the EU level has facilitated protection of the public's health, it also has created potential conflicts among the different objectives of the European Union. The internal market promotes the free movement of products, but public health measures can require restrictions of trade. Other conflicts can arise if protective public health measures conflict with individual human rights. The chapter then considers risk assessment and the different tools of risk management used in dealing with the challenges of infectious diseases. It also turns to the external and ethical perspective and the role the European Union takes in global health.

Current status, problems and control strategies of water resources pollution in China

Water Policy ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 423-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Wu ◽  
Tong Qi ◽  
Dan Li ◽  
Huijuan Yang ◽  
Guoqing Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Underground Water ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Major River ◽  
And Control ◽  
Research And Policy

The surface water of 10 major river systems across China has been under intermediate pollution with striking eutrophication problems in major lakes (reservoirs). More data from the Ministry of Environmental Protection of China showed that underground water in 57% of monitoring sites across Chinese cities was polluted or extremely polluted. Rural water pollution, the rising number of incidents of industrial pollution, outdated sewerage systems, and the overuse of pesticides and chemical fertilizers also endanger the health of rural inhabitants in China. Nearly 0.2 billion rural residents could not use drinking water in accordance with the national standard, and there were reports of ‘cancer villages' and food-borne diseases (cancer village refers to a village where a certain proportion of its inhabitants suffer from the same kind of cancer or where there is a hike in cancer incidence in that area). This study aims to raise awareness of the prevention and control of water pollution and to propose a set of national research and policy initiatives for the future safety of the water environment in China.

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