scholarly journals Interim guidance on deliberate releases of biological agents in the UK and US

2001 ◽  
Vol 5 (43) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Nicoll
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United States ◽  
New Jersey ◽  
The United States ◽  
Biological Agents ◽  
Washington Dc ◽  
Infected People ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Health Guidance

Last week, Eurosurveillance Weekly reported on cases of anthrax and public health guidance in the United States (US) (1). The number of people with confirmed anthrax had risen to 11 by 23 October, but additional cases are being classified as suspect, and yet more people are undergoing evaluation. The numbers of infected people are therefore likely to rise. The most recent cases are in postal and mailroom workers in West Trenton, New Jersey, and Washington DC.

Cuba and the Covid-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 122 (1) ◽  
pp. 118-131
Author(s):  
Bob Oram
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Health System ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Universal Health

For the UK struggling to deal with the Covid-19 pandemic, the experience of Cuba’s Ministry of Public Health over the past six decades provides the clearest case for a single, universal health system constituting an underlying national grid dedicated to prevention and care; an abundance of health professionals, accessible everywhere; a world-renowned science and biotech capability; and an educated public schooled in public health. All this was achieved despite being under a vicious blockade by the United States for all of that time.

scholarly journals Obligation or Desire: Variation in Motivation for Compliance With COVID-19 Public Health Guidance

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ting Ai ◽  
Glenn Adams ◽  
Xian Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Psychological Experience ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Prosocial Motivation ◽  
Self Study ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Health Guidance

Why do people comply with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) public health guidance? This study considers cultural-psychological foundations of variation in beliefs about motivations for such compliance. Specifically, we focused on beliefs about two sources of prosocial motivation: desire to protect others and obligation to society. Across two studies, we observed that the relative emphasis on the desire to protect others (vs. the obligation to the community) as an explanation for compliance was greater in the United States settings associated with cultural ecologies of abstracted independence than in Chinese settings associated with cultural ecologies of embedded interdependence. We observed these patterns for explanations of psychological experience of both others (Study 1) and self (Study 2), and for compliance with mandates for both social distancing and face masks (Study 2). Discussion of results considers both practical implications for motivating compliance with public health guidance and theoretical implications for denaturalizing prevailing accounts of prosocial motivation.

scholarly journals Early introductions and community transmission of SARS-CoV-2 variant B.1.1.7 in the United States

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tara Alpert ◽  
Erica Lasek-Nesselquist ◽  
Anderson F. Brito ◽  
Andrew L. Valesano ◽  
Jessica Rothman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
Diagnostic Testing ◽  
The United States ◽  
International Travel ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Public Health Response ◽  
Community Transmission ◽  
The Uk

SummaryThe emergence and spread of SARS-CoV-2 lineage B.1.1.7, first detected in the United Kingdom, has become a national public health concern in the United States because of its increased transmissibility. Over 500 COVID-19 cases associated with this variant have been detected since December 2020, but its local establishment and pathways of spread are relatively unknown. Using travel, genomic, and diagnostic testing data, we highlight the primary ports of entry for B.1.1.7 in the US and locations of possible underreporting of B.1.1.7 cases. New York, which receives the most international travel from the UK, is likely one of the key hubs for introductions and domestic spread. Finally, we provide evidence for increased community transmission in several states. Thus, genomic surveillance for B.1.1.7 and other variants urgently needs to be enhanced to better inform the public health response.

scholarly journals Anthrax in the United States – summary of cases confirmed by CDC

2001 ◽  
Vol 5 (44) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
New Jersey ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
York City ◽  
The United States ◽  
Case Definition ◽  
Washington Dc ◽  
Control And Prevention

On the basis of a rigorous case definition (http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5041a1.htm), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in Atlanta has reported 16 confirmed cases of anthrax: two in Florida, four in New York City, five in New Jersey, and five in Washington DC. CDC is also reporting four suspect cases: three in New York City and one in New Jersey. The table below summarises the numbers of cases reported by 30 October 2001 (6pm ET).

Salmonellosis Outbreaks by Food Vehicle, Serotype, Season, and Geographical Location, United States, 1998 to 2015

2019 ◽  
Vol 82 (7) ◽  
pp. 1191-1199 ◽  
Author(s):  
TEAH R. SNYDER ◽  
SAMEH W. BOKTOR ◽  
NKUCHIA M. M'IKANATHA
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
The United States ◽  
Outbreak Detection ◽  
Washington Dc ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Geographic Variations ◽  
Yearly Average ◽  
Food Commodities

ABSTRACT Salmonella is a major cause of foodborne illness in the United States. Although salmonellosis outbreaks are relatively common, food vehicles and other characteristics are not well understood. We obtained data for salmonellosis outbreaks from 1998 to 2015 that were submitted by public health jurisdictions to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Foodborne Disease Outbreak Surveillance System. In total, 2,447 outbreaks (yearly average, 136) with a confirmed or suspected etiology of nontyphoidal Salmonella were identified. The outbreaks included 65,916 individual cases (mean, 27 cases per outbreak). Food vehicles were identified in 49% of the outbreaks. Frequently implicated foods included eggs (12.5%), chicken (12.4%), and pork (6.5%). Fifty-five (2.2%) outbreaks had fatalities; 87 (0.1%) individuals died. Of those outbreaks with a reported serotype, the most commonly identified were Enteritidis (29.1%), Typhimurium (12.6%), and Newport (7.6%). Serotypes with a statistically significant increase over time included Braenderup and I 4,[5],12:i:−. Some serotypes were commonly associated with outbreaks due to certain food vehicles; 81% of outbreaks due to eggs were associated with serotype Enteritidis. Food commodities that were most commonly associated with multistate outbreaks were nuts and seeds, sprouts, and fruits. Outbreaks occurred most frequently in summer. States with the highest number of salmonellosis outbreaks per 100,000 population were Alaska (0.137) and Minnesota (0.121); states with the lowest were Delaware (<0.001) and Wyoming (<0.001). The highest number of salmonellosis cases per 100,000 population were in Washington, DC (4.786) and Arkansas (3.857). Geographic variations in outbreaks may reflect differences in outbreak detection, investigation, reporting, or risk. In addition to collaboration, data-driven public health interventions are needed to decrease infection rates and to prevent complications related to salmonellosis. HIGHLIGHTS

September 11 and the UK Response

2003 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 245-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin Warbrick ◽  
Dominic McGoldrick ◽  
Elena Katselli ◽  
Sangeeta Shah
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Al Qaeda ◽  
Washington Dc ◽  
Loss Of Life ◽  
The World ◽  
Open Land ◽  
The Uk

On 11 September 2001, four aircraft on internal flights within the United States were seized by passengers who crashed two of them into the World Trade Centre in New York and another into the Pentagon, Washington DC, the other falling into open land in Pennsylvania. The men who seized the planes were all non-US nationals. The total loss of life was over 3,000, including a number of UK citizens. The economic consequences were hardly calculable. Responsibility for the attacks was attributed to the Al Qaeda movement, a group regarded by the United States as being responsible for previous attacks against US targets, including the bombing of American embassies in East Africa in 1998 and on the USS Cole in Yemen in 2000. Although Al Qaeda was thought to have members in many states, the principal base for its operations was in Afghanistan.1

scholarly journals Cases of anthrax in the United States – update and public health guidance

2001 ◽  
Vol 5 (42) ◽  
Author(s):  
B Twisselmann
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Bacillus Anthracis ◽  
Public Health Surveillance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Health Surveillance ◽  
Epidemiological Investigation ◽  
Environmental Investigation ◽  
Health Guidance

On 4 October 2001, a case of anthrax was reported in a 63 year old resident of Florida (1). The patient was admitted to hospital with the respiratory form of anthrax and subsequently died. An epidemiological investigation and public health surveillance was started to determine how infection with Bacillus anthracis occurred and identify other infections. An environmental investigation identified one sample taken from the patient's workplace (America Media Incorporated (AMI), Boca Raton, Florida) as positive for anthrax.

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