scholarly journals AGRICULTURAL CONSUMER CREDIT CO-OPERATIONS ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT RESOURCES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF SMALL AND MEDIUM BUSINESS

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 51-55
Author(s):  
Lyubov' Teplova ◽  
Valentine Chuikova ◽  
Larisa Afanasyeva
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Subject Area ◽  
Economic Research ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Agricultural Credit ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Consumer Cooperatives ◽  
Cooperative Principles

The aim of the study is a theoretical and methodological justification of the degree of influence of the basic cooperative principles in the activities of agricultural credit consumer cooperatives (SKPK) on the development of small and medium-sized enterprises in the agricultural sector in the context of the essential content and functions performed as key factors in the subject area being studied. developmental SKPK The article conducted a study in terms of the impact of the basic cooperative principles and justification of the impact of agricultural credit consumer cooperatives (SKPK) on the development of small and medium enterprises in the agricultural sector of the economy, understanding the essence and functions, and identifying key factors affecting the development of SKPK. The study is based on a systematic approach to studying the features of the development of agricultural credit consumer cooperation, using monographic, abstract-logical, statistical-economic, abstract and other research methods. Use of monographic, statistical and economic research revealed the main factors affecting the effective operation of agricultural credit consumer cooperatives. The directions of the analytical assessment were: the number of agricultural credit consumer cooperatives, the main indicators of the development of agricultural credit consumer cooperatives.

DAMPAK KEBIJAKAN FISKAL TERHADAP KINERJA SEKTOR PERTANIAN DI SULAWESI TENGGARA

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
La Ode Jabuddin ◽  
Ayub M Padangaran ◽  
Azhar Bafadal Bafadal
Keyword(s):  
Fiscal Policy ◽  
Interest Rates ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Simultaneous Equations ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Land Area ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Historical Simulation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Direct Expenditure

This study aims to: (1) Knowing the dynamics of fiscal policy and the performance of the agricultural sector, (2) Analyze the factors that influence fiscal policy and the performance                   of the agricultural sector, and (3) Analyzing the impact of fiscal policy on the performance of the agricultural sector. The data used in this study were pooled 2005-2013 data in the aggregate. Econometric model the impact of fiscal policy on the performance of the agricultural sector is built in the form of simultaneous equations, consisting of 7 equations with 25 total variables in the model, 7 endogenous variables, 12 exogenous variables, and 6 variables lag. The model is estimated by 2SLS method SYSLIN procedures and historical simulation with SIMNLIN procedure.The results showed that: (1) The development of fiscal policy in Southeast Sulawesi from year to year tends to increase, (2) The performance of the agricultural sector from the aspect of GDP has decreased, from the aspect of labor is still consistent, in terms of investment to grow positively, and assign roles which means to decrease the number of poor people, (3) factors affecting fiscal policy is local revenues, equalization funds, other revenues, as well as the lag fiscal policy, (4) the factors that affect the performance of the agricultural sector from the aspect GDP is labor, direct expenditure and GDP lag; from the aspect of labor is the total labor force, investment, land area, direct expenditure, as well as the lag of labor; from the aspect of investment is influenced by GDP per capita, land area, interest rates and investment lag; as well as from the aspect of poor people, are affected by population, investments, direct expenditure and poverty lag, (5). Fiscal policy impact on the agricultural sector GDP increase, a decrease in the number of poor, declining agricultural laborers, and a decrease in the amount of investment in the agricultural sector.Keywords: Fiscal policy, the performance of the agricultural sector, the simultaneous equations

scholarly journals How fast should social restrictions be eased  in England as COVID-19 vaccinations are rolled out?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Miles ◽  
Adrian Heald ◽  
Mike Stedman
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Healthcare Provision ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Education Outcomes ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Standards Of Living ◽  
Life Years ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

Vaccination against the COVID-19 virus began in December 2020 in the UK and is now running at 5% population/week. High Levels of social restrictions were implemented for the third time in January 2021 to control the second wave and resulting increases in hospitalisations and deaths. Easing those restrictions must balance multiple challenging priorities, weighing the risk of more deaths and hospitalisations against damage done to mental health, incomes and standards of living, education outcomes and provision of non-Covid-19 healthcare. Weekly and monthly officially published values in 2020/21 were used to estimate the impact of seasonality and social restrictions on the spread of COVID-19 by age group, on the economy and healthcare services. These factors were combined with the estimated impact of vaccinations and immunity from past infections into a model that retrospectively reflected the actual numbers of reported deaths closely both in 2020 and early 2021. It was applied prospectively to the next 6 months to evaluate the impact of different speeds of easing social restrictions. The results show vaccinations are significantly reducing the number of hospitalisations and deaths. The central estimate is that relative to a rapid easing, the avoided loss of 57,000 life years from a strategy of relatively slow easing over the next 4 months comes at a cost in terms of GDP reduction of around £0.4 million/life-year loss avoided. This is over 10 times higher than the usual limit the NHS uses for spending against Quality Adjusted Life Years (QALYs) saved. Alternative assumptions for key factors affecting give significantly different trade-offs between costs and benefits of different speeds of easing. Disruption of non-Covid-19 Healthcare provision also increases in times of higher levels of social restrictions. In most cases, the results favour a somewhat faster easing of restrictions in England than current policy implies.

Factors Affecting Design Decisions for Customer Relationship Management Data Warehouses

2011 ◽  
pp. 159-191
Author(s):  
Colleen Cunningham ◽  
Il-Yeol Song
Keyword(s):  
Customer Relationship Management ◽  
Data Warehousing ◽  
Relationship Management ◽  
Customer Relationship ◽  
Data Warehouses ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Design Decisions ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Percent Success ◽  
The Impact

Customer relationship management (CRM) is a strategy that integrates concepts of knowledge management, data mining, and data warehousing in order to support an organization’s decision-making process to retain long-term and profitable relationships with its customers. Key factors for successfully implementing CRM (e.g., data quality issues, organizational readiness, customer strategies, selection of appropriate KPIs, and the design of the data warehouse model) are discussed with the main thrust of the chapter focusing on CRM analyses and the impact of those analyses on CRM data warehousing design decisions. This chapter then presents a robust multidimensional starter model that supports CRM analyses. Additional research contributions include the introduction of two new measures, percent success ratio and CRM suitability ratio by which CRM models can be evaluated, the identification/ classification of CRM queries, and a preliminary heuristic for designing data warehouses to support CRM analyses.

scholarly journals Determinants Of European Banks' Capital Adequacy

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 81-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilia Klepczarek
Keyword(s):  
Deposit Insurance ◽  
Subject Area ◽  
Capital Adequacy ◽  
Risk Indicators ◽  
Stress Tests ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Deposit Insurance System ◽  
Tier 1 ◽  
European Banks ◽  
The Impact

This paper examines the factors affecting the Common Equity Tier 1 Ratio (CET1), which is a measure of the relationship between core capital and the risk-weighted assets of banks. The research is based on a randomly selected sample from the group of banks examined by the European Central Bank authorities. The ECB conducted stress tests assessing the CET1 Ratio with respect to the Basel III regulations. The findings confirm the hypothesis about the impact of bank size and the risk indicators (risk-weight assets to total assets ratio and the share of loans in total assets) on banks’ capital adequacy. They also confirm strong effect of competitive pressure and the negative correlation between the CET1 Ratio and the share of deposits in non-equity liabilities, which may be explained by the existence of the deposit insurance system. Finally the paper presents the limitations of the study and conclusions regarding possible further research in this subject area.

scholarly journals Determinants of Agricultural Production and Agricultural Sector Output in Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Ewubare Dennis Brown ◽  
◽  
Asimiea Iyabode ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Granger Causality ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Granger Causality Test ◽  
Causality Test ◽  
Agricultural Credit ◽  
Production Output ◽  
The Impact

The study examined the determinant of agricultural production and agricultural sector output in Nigeria. The objective of the study is to determine the impact of agricultural production determinants on agricultural output. The study was carried out based on secondary data collected through the CBN statistical bulletin unit root test was conducted test and granger causality test were used as the main statistical tests. The findings from the study based on the OLS results shows that agricultural funding, agricultural credit/loan as well as exchange rate have positive relationship with agricultural production output. Also, the granger causality test shows that agricultural funding, agricultural credit loan as well as exchange rate impact on agricultural production output. In view of the findings, it is recommended for adequate budgetary provisions for the agricultural sector in order to provide infrastructural facilities to the rural areas where farm produce are concentrated in order to boost production. Also, provision of credit facilities to the agricultural sector through the farmers in rural areas should be encouraged

scholarly journals Pengaruh Kredit Usaha Tani Terhadap Kesejahteraan Petani di Desa Kedung Lengkong, Kecamatan Dlangu, Kabupaten Mojokerto

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 260-264
Author(s):  
Heri Susanto ◽  
Ramon Syahrial ◽  
Adi Budiwan
Keyword(s):  
Rural Economy ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Hypothesis Test ◽  
Planning System ◽  
Agricultural Credit ◽  
Sustainable Planning ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

Suppose the agricultural sector is supported by a comprehensive and sustainable planning system and balanced with an adequate budget (such as capital). In that case, the role of the agricultural sector will be optimal. Farmers face the problem of funding; although many farmers can increase their yields, they cannot develop their own farming business if they do not have sufficient funds. Therefore, farmers will apply for loans from formal and informal financial institutions to overcome the lack of funds. However, credit growth has increased, especially in the agricultural sector, which is the agricultural sector where the government plans to improve the rural economy. Agricultural credit plays a crucial role in developing agriculture to obtain higher yields. If output increases, farmers' income will also increase, which will benefit farmers. The research method used was quantitative, with a sample of 100 people. This study used a population of 187 farmers in Kedung Lengkong Village, Dlangu District, Mojokerto Regency. The analysis used in this study was simple regression to understand the impact of credit availability on farmers' welfare. The hypothesis test results were that credit has a positive effect on welfare, with a regression coefficient value of 0.291. Credit helped farmers purchase fertilizers, seeds, and other things related to the need for farming so that the agricultural production process could run according to planning so that production results were in line with farmers' expectations to increase profits. These profits, in the end, became a source to meet the costs of meeting basic needs. The ability to meet these needs raised the standard of living and the community's welfare so that people could have a better quality of life. 

scholarly journals Factors Affecting the Performance of Agri Small and Medium Enterprises with Evidence from Kosovo

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 297-313
Author(s):  
Ekrem Gjokaj ◽  
Diana Kopeva ◽  
Nol Krasniqi ◽  
Henrietta Nagy
Keyword(s):  
Rural Economy ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Production Potential ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Direct Payments ◽  
Medium Enterprises ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Agriculture Development ◽  
Significant Factors

Abstract The agri SMEs in Kosovo are facing challenges that are reducing competitiveness and preventing it from fulfilling their production potential. The main constraints in increasing productivity and improving competitiveness are the low use of modern techniques and technologies in both production and management of enterprises, lack of funds, the low use of inputs, and the limited ability to meet international standards of food safety. This paper is focused on the analysis of the impact of agricultural SMEs in the rural economy of the country and the problems related to the impact. The data used for this analysis are the data conducted for the Farm Structure Survey (FSS) which includes the farmers’ list from Agricultural Records compiled by the Kosovo Agency of Statistics (KAS) in 2014, as well as the lists of beneficiaries for both direct payments/subsidies and for grants for the period of 2014 to 2017 received by the Agency for Agriculture Development. From the research results, significant factors having an effect on the annual income of agris SMEs are the following: income from the sale of agricultural products, income from subsidies, income from non-agricultural activities, income from salaries, remittances, and income from other activities.

scholarly journals The factors affecting accessibility to credit capital of small and medium enterprises in Vietnam

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 15-25
Author(s):  
Phung The Dong ◽  
Nguyen Thi Hong Nham
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rates ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Probit Model ◽  
Bank Loans ◽  
Bank Loan ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Business Loan ◽  
The Government ◽  
Medium Enterprises ◽  
The Impact

The difficulty in accessing loans is one of the major barriers to the development of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Vietnam. Low accessibility to capital forces SMEs to spend both official and unofficial costs in order to obtain loans, and/or to access the unofficial market at higher interest rates, thereby increasing cost of production of enterprises. Studies suggest that the determinants of bank loan processing through which small and medium enterprises can access official loans include: characteristics of enterprises; indicators, reflecting the performance of enterprises; characteristics of loans; characteristics of enterprises, enterprise owners; geographical position of enterprises; the creditworthiness of enterprises and the role of the network.Purpose of the study.The aim of this paper is the quantitative analysis of the factors, affecting accessibility to credit capital of small and medium enterprises in Vietnam.Materials and methods.This study was conducted on the basis of a survey in December 2017. The survey includes 301 enterprises in Hanoi city. Selected enterprises are also enterprises, surveyed in the annual enterprise survey by the General Statistics Office of Vietnam. This paper uses the Probit and Logit regression approach to estimate the impact of factors, affecting the disbursement probability of a loan of an enterprise. The number of SMEs accounts for 56.69% of the samples. The number of enterprises, applying for a bank loan accounts for 58.4% of the total samples, of which the percentage of disbursed loans for SMEs accounts for only 47.3%. For enterprises without a bank loan, eliminating the reasons for the lack of demand and unwish to be in debt, the main reasons not to access bank loans are high interest rates, complicated loan procedures and insufficient collateral.Results.The results obtained from the Logistic and Probit models show that the estimated coefficients are statistically significant, affecting the probability of taking a business loan, accepted by financial institutions. Although the coefficients, estimated from Logistics model are larger than those estimated from the Probit model, the estimated results show that the direction of impact of the variables in two estimation techniques gives quite similar results.Conclusion.Based on the results of this study, the Government of Vietnam should implement policies to support SMEs in the direction of improving their access to capital. The credit institutions should design products and services suitable to the characteristics of SMEs in Vietnam.

scholarly journals The Impact of Coating Ingredients on the Aging Resistance of Topcoat Paints by Model Trees

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tzu-Tsung Wong ◽  
Shih-Hsuan Hung
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Prediction Method ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Model Trees ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Aging Resistance ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact

Topcoat paint is mainly composed of resin and pigment and hence its quality highly depends on the type and proportion of these two ingredients. This study aims at testing the formula of the topcoat paint for finding one that can achieve better quality for anti-aging. Various formulas of paint are applied on boards that will be put into ultraviolet accelerated test machines to simulate weathering tests. The gloss and color, before and after the tests, are collected and numerical prediction method M5P is used to grow model trees for discovering the key factors affecting aging. Based on the structure and the linear regression models in the trees, a better topcoat paint should be composed of a high proportion of resin and generally a low proportion of pigment. Good types of resin and pigment are also identified for keeping color and gloss.

scholarly journals An extension of Vroom’s expectancy theory (1964) in examining lecturers’ motivation in Vietnam

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 490-498
Author(s):  
Tran Thi-Kim Nhung ◽  
Nguyen Thanh Do
Keyword(s):  
Expectancy Theory ◽  
Faculty Members ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Academic Degree ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Academic Activities ◽  
Administrative Position ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact

As academic activities and research performances become important criteria in evaluating the quality of a university, research activities have received a special concern from universities. The key questions are what prompts faculty members to do research and how to motivate them. In order to answer these questions, it is necessary to examine the factors affecting the research motivation, then measure the impact of these factors on the faculty members' research motivation. In this study, the authors employed the expansive expectancy theory proposed by Chiang & Jang to investigate key factors that motivate faculty members to conduct research. The regression results on data collected from a survey on 475 faculty members at universities in Hanoi showed that faculty members are motivated by the intrinsic instrumentality factor (INTIN), financial value factor (FINVA) and expectancy factor (EXPECT – the factor that yields controversial results in previous studies). These findings suggest that the research motivation of lecturers has a positive correlation with academic degree, administrative position and has no relationship with age and gender.  

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