DESAIN PILOT PLANT DAUR ULANG AIR LIMBAH DI INDUSTRI MIGAS Studi Kasus Kilang Minyak RU-VI Balongan PT. Pertamina (Persero)

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nusa Idaman Said ◽  
Ikbal Ikbal ◽  
Satmoko Yudo
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Plant ◽  
Primary Treatment ◽  
Advanced Treatment ◽  
Preliminary Treatment ◽  
Secondary Treatment

Sejalan dengan pertumbuhan penduduk yang sangat pesat dan meningkatnya pencemaran air tanah maupun air permukaan, serta distribusi sumber air untuk konsumsi pemakaian air yang tidak merata telah menyebabkan ketidak-seimbangan antara  pasokan dan kebutuhan akan air. Oleh karena itu, menjadi perhatian yang penting dalam melakukan upaya-upaya dalam hal penyediaan sumber air. Salah satu alternatif yang banyak mendapat perhatian di banyak negara di dunia adalah menggunakan teknologi daur ulang air limbah sebagai sumber air baku untuk penyediaan air bersih. Industri migas merupakan salah satu industri yang mempunyai kebutuhan akan air bersih yang besar, khususnya kilang minyak. Pemakaian air di kilang minyak tersebut cukup besar yaitu sebesar 1.400 m3 perjam, apabila air hasil buangannya dapat di daur ulang sebesar 10% atau lebih saja maka kebutuhan air bersih akan dapat dihemat. Tujuan dari kegiatan ini adalah melakukan desain instalasi daur ulang air di suatu kilang minyak. Konsep yang umum dari daur ulang adalah melakukan pengolahan air limbah untuk dijadikan air bersih, dengan menggunakan kombinasi proses pra-pengolahan (preliminary treatment), pengolahan primer (primary treatment), pengolahan primer lanjutan (advanced primary treatment), pengolahan sekunder (secondary treatment), dan pengolahan tersier (tertiary/advanced treatment). Dengan kombinasi proses tersebut dapat mengolah air limbah sampai menghasilkan air olahan dengan kualitas sebagai air minum.  Hasil dari kegiatan ini adalah diperolehnya desain pilot plant instalasi daur ulang air limbah di industri migas dengan kapasitas  9 m3/jam. Kata kunci: pencemaran air, air limbah, desain daur ulang air, kilang minyak

scholarly journals Enteric viruses in inlet and outlet samples from sewage treatment plants

2006 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Myrmel ◽  
E. M.M. Berg ◽  
B. Grinde ◽  
E. Rimstad
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
High Viral Load ◽  
Primary Treatment ◽  
Advanced Treatment ◽  
Secondary Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plants ◽  
Viral Contamination ◽  
Viral Particles

Samples collected every two weeks from the inlet and outlet of three sewage treatment plants were screened for the presence of noro-, rota-, astro-, adeno-, hepatitis A- and circoviruses by (RT)-nested PCR, and for F-specific bacteriophages by isolation in Escherichia coli Famp. Plants A and B were secondary treatment plants and plant C used primary treatment. Noroviruses were detected in 43%, 53% and 24% of the inlet samples and 26%, 40% and 21% of the outlet samples from plants A, B and C, respectively. Astroviruses, rotaviruses and adenoviruses were more prevalent. Adenoviruses were detected in 96% of inlet and 94% of outlet samples, supporting the potential of these viruses as indicators of viral contamination from sewage. Hepatitis A virus and circoviruses were found only rarely. Reduction of infective viral particles during sewage treatment was evaluated using F-specific bacteriophages. The phages were reduced by, respectively, 99%, 87% and 0% in plants A, B and C, which corresponded to the observed differences in reduction of norovirus positive samples between the same plants. The study shows that the high viral load in sewage results in a discharge to the environment of a large amount of virus despite sewage treatment. On the other hand, the advantage of a more advanced treatment is demonstrated.

scholarly journals Wastewater Treatment on Shrimp Processing Industry

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 139
Author(s):  
Alvin Rahardian Alviano ◽  
Sapto Andriyono
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Mesh Size ◽  
Work Practice ◽  
Primary Treatment ◽  
Preliminary Treatment ◽  
Treatment Technique ◽  
Secondary Treatment ◽  
Inlet Channel ◽  
Screening Process

Increasingly rapid industrial development poses serious environmental problems such as wastewater.The higher the number of production, the more waste that wasted and can decrease the environment quality. Fieldwork practice activity is carried out starting from the date of January 20, 2014, until February 15, 2014. The purpose of this fieldwork practice is to acquire knowledge and skills on the field of wastewater treatment technique and to know the parameters of the wastewater inlet and outlet channels in comparison with wastewater quality standards. The method that used in Field Work Practice This is descriptive, the method to describe the circumstances or events in a particular region. The result obtained from fieldwork practice known that wastewater treatment techniques consist of preliminary treatment activities, primary treatment, secondary treatment, sedimentation, and disinfection. Preliminary treatment activities is a filtering process substantial in the wastewater that comes out of the inlet channel using four mesh size of the net. The primary treatment for separating solids that escaped from the screening process and disposed to wastewater reservoirs. Secondary treatment activity including Aerobacter sp., Nitrosomonas sp., Nitrobacter sp., Bacillus sp. of bacteria and oxygen addition inside of wastewater. Sedimentation phase separation process is carried out suspended solids in wastewater using clarifier pond. Disinfection stage which activities the addition of chlorine with 222 ppm of doses to kill harmful pathogens. The final stage test to determine the parameters of wastewater effluent quality by using living fishes and taking the sample from another institution.

Considerations in the Design of the Primary Treatment for Ballast Systems

2003 ◽  
Vol 40 (01) ◽  
pp. 49-60
Author(s):  
Michael G. Parsons
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Great Lakes ◽  
Ballast Water ◽  
Primary Treatment ◽  
Coast Guard ◽  
Secondary Treatment ◽  
Bulk Carrier ◽  
Ballast Water Treatment ◽  
Mechanical Separation ◽  
Hierarchy Process

Investigations are currently underway to establish effective primary and secondary ballast water treatment methods to minimize the potential for the introduction of additional nonindigenous aquatic species into the Great Lakes and other U.S. coastal waters. This treatment could be used in place of mid-ocean ballast exchange currently required by the U.S. Coast Guard for all vessels entering the Great Lakes in ballast from beyond the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ). Primary and secondary treatment could provide environmental protection for both Ballast On Board (BOB) vessels, which are required to perform mid-ocean ballast exchange before entering the Great Lakes, and No Ballast On Board (NOBOB) vessels, which are currently exempt from any ballast exchange requirements. Primary treatment using some form of mechanical separation to 100 urn or 50 um followed by secondary treatment using 254 nm UV irradiation or some form of chemical treatment are currently leading candidates. Over the past six years, the Great Lakes Ballast Technology Demonstration Project (GLBTDP) has undertaken the full-scale evaluation of 340 m3/h (1500 U.S. gpm) ballast water mechanical separation using an automatic backwashing screen filter, hydrocyclone, and automatic backwashing disk filter. This experience provides the basis for the investigation of various ballast system design issues that must be considered in the selection and design of the primary ballast water treatment. This investigation is based upon the ballast system of a typical Seaway size bulk carrier using port and starboard 2000 m3/h (8800 U.S. gpm) main ballast pumps. A discrete multicriterion optimization tradeoff study using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) is also presented to illustrate a rational method for determining the best choice for primary ballast water treatment for such a Seaway size bulk carrier.

scholarly journals Life Cycle Assessment of Upgrading Primary Wastewater Treatment Plants to Secondary Treatment Including a Circular Economy Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 117862212093585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karim M Morsy ◽  
Mohamed K Mostafa ◽  
Khaled Z Abdalla ◽  
Mona M Galal
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Scientific Progress ◽  
Primary Treatment ◽  
Secondary Treatment ◽  
Cumulative Impact ◽  
Process Energy ◽  
The Impact

Although significant progress has been achieved in the field of environmental impact assessment in many engineering disciplines, the impact of wastewater treatment plants has not yet been well integrated. In light of this remarkable scientific progress, the outputs of the plants as treated water and clean sludge have become potential sources of irrigation and energy, not a waste. The aim of this study is to assess the environmental impacts of upgrading the wastewater treatment plants from primary to secondary treatment. The Lifecycle Assessment Framework (ISO 14040 and 14044) was applied using GaBi Software. Abu Rawash wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) has been taken as a case study. Two scenarios were studied, Scenario 1 is the current situation of the WWTP using the primary treatment units and Scenario 2 is upgrading the WWTP by adding secondary treatment units. The study highlighted the influence and cumulative impact of upgrading all the primary WWTPs in Egypt to secondary treatment. With the high amount of energy consumed in the aeration process, energy recovery methods were proposed to boost the circular economy concept in Abu Rawash WWTP in order to achieve optimal results from environmental and economic perspectives.

Milliscreening: A Pretreatment Option for Marine Disposal

1986 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 71-81
Author(s):  
A. N. Bannatyne ◽  
J. Speir
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Pilot Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Primary Treatment ◽  
Municipal Waste ◽  
Single Pass ◽  
Marine Outfall ◽  
Operational Data

The Hutt Valley Drainage Board Milliscreen Treatment Plant, commissioned in July 1984, treats municipal waste using 0.5mm and 1.0mm wedgewire single pass rotary screens. The plant is designed to remove all gross solids not readily assimilated by the sea and is an alternative to primary treatment prior to discharge into coastal waters via a marine outfall. This paper describes the plant and background to the investigations, pilot plant studies, design, and operational data available to date. Milliscreening as a pretreatment option for marine disposal is also discussed.

scholarly journals Posterior Tracheopexy for Severe Tracheomalacia Associated with Esophageal Atresia (EA): Primary Treatment at the Time of Initial EA Repair versus Secondary Treatment

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hester F. Shieh ◽  
C. Jason Smithers ◽  
Thomas E. Hamilton ◽  
David Zurakowski ◽  
Gary A. Visner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Esophageal Atresia ◽  
Primary Treatment ◽  
Secondary Treatment

scholarly journals Canteen Wastewater and Gray Water Treatment Using Subsurface Constructed Wetland-Multilayer Filtration Vertical Flow Type with Melati Air (Echindorus paleafolius)

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 111-121
Author(s):  
Ariani Dwi Astuti ◽  
Astri Rinanti ◽  
Alexandre Amo F. Viera
Keyword(s):  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Advanced Treatment ◽  
Aeration Tank ◽  
Preliminary Treatment ◽  
Vertical Flow ◽  
Flow Type ◽  
Gray Water ◽  
Simple Technology

Domestic wastewater needs to be treated because it can pollute the environment, either water bodies, ground water, or soil. One alternative to treat domestic wastewater is using subsurface constructed wetland methods. This method has advantages, among others, cheap, simple technology and can be applied to the area of ample land. In this research, subsurface contructed wetlands-multilayer filtration with vertical flow type using Melati Air (Echindorus paleafolius) in field scale to treat domestic wastewater from canteens and gray water toilet of Senior High School at Bekasi with treatment capacity for 2261 L/day. Subsurface constructed wetlands-multilayer filtration with vertical flow type is an advanced treatment in this research. For preliminary treatment the collecting and aeration tank is used. Performance of subsurface constructed wetland-multilayer filtration with vertical flow type was able to achieve effluent COD parameters of 40 mg / L (standard 100 mg/L) from an average influent of 350 mg/L with removal efficiency of 90%, while BOD was successfully degraded to 33.00 mg/L (quality standard 30 mg/L) of an average influent concentration of 350 mg/L. In addition, the parameters analyzed are total nitrogen, the total phosphate succeeded to meet the quality standard. Based on the results of laboratory analysis, the reactor is able to treat organic loading of 500-700 kg BOD5/Ha/Day compared to previous research which is range from 40-300 kg BOD/Ha/ Day. Similarly, the value of K in this study ranged from 0.35-0.57 m/day for BOD and 0.37-0.45 m/day for COD compared to precious research which is 0.055-0.16 m / day for BOD and 0.027-0.16 m / day for COD.

Night Soil Treatment in Korea

1986 ◽  
Vol 18 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 13-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. T. Um ◽  
S. W. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Primary Treatment ◽  
Soil Treatment ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Secondary Treatment ◽  
Activated Sludge Process ◽  
Technical Improvement ◽  
And Performance

In Korea, night soil is treated in private night soil purification tanks, collected night soil treatment plants and as farmyard manure. The systems of night soil disposal, and processes, development and performance of night soil treatment plants with their technical operational problems, are reviewed and analysed to assist in implementation and technical improvement of night soil treatment plants. A great number of night soil treatment plants in Korea have aerobic or anaerobic digestion for primary treatment, and an activated sludge process for secondary treatment. Rural night soil treatment plants are small scale with an average capacity of 18.5 m3/day per plant. The number of toilets collected from is decreasing slightly, but sludge production from private night soil purification tanks is increasing. Therefore, development and extension of night soil treatment plants are very important at present. In many cases, strict control and upgrading of the quality of effluent from collected night soil treatment plants are mandatory. Low-energy systems and reduced-manpower programmes for night soil treatment plants are to be studied and developed as much as possible.

Liquid stream secondary treatment process design at the Annacis Island wastewater treatment plant of the Greater Vancouver sewerage and drainage district

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 51-60
Author(s):  
L. A. Slezak ◽  
M. K. Fries ◽  
L. R. Pickard ◽  
R. A. Palsenbarg
Keyword(s):  
Process Design ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Primary Treatment ◽  
Secondary Treatment ◽  
Liquid Stream ◽  
Process Improvements ◽  
Major Project ◽  
Design Construction

The Greater Vancouver Sewerage & Drainage District (GVS&DD) is a major regional wastewater agency serving Vancouver, British Columbia and surrounding municipalities. In the late 1980's it was mandated to upgrade its largest treatment plant from primary treatment to secondary treatment. From 1990 until the present the GVS&DD has engaged in Predesign, Design, Construction and Commissioning of the Annacis Island WWTP Secondary Upgrade. The size of the facility and the fact that no secondary treatment components were previously in place combined to make the upgrade a very large project valued at nearly $470 million CDN. This paper describes the major project components of the liquid stream process improvements. In addition to the major biological treatment components, other aspects of the project are described including, odour management, influent pumping, and primary treatment upgrades.

Degradation of organic matter from wastewater using advanced primary treatment by O3 and O3/UV in a pilot plant

2016 ◽  
Vol 91 ◽  
pp. 61-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaneth Bustos-Terrones ◽  
Jesús Gabriel Rangel-Peraza ◽  
Antonio Sanhouse ◽  
Erick R. Bandala ◽  
Luis G. Torres
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Pilot Plant ◽  
Primary Treatment
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