scholarly journals EFISIENSI PENGGUNAAN RADIASI SURYA DAN SEBAGAI DASAR DALAM MODEL JARAK PAGAR(RADIATION USE EFFICIENCY AS BASIS THE CROPS MODELING OF JATROPHA)

Agromet ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 108
Author(s):  
Gusti Rusmayadi ◽  
. Handoko ◽  
Yonny Koesmaryono ◽  
Didiek Hadjar Goenadi
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Radiation Use Efficiency ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Rainfall Condition ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Radiation Use

Plant growth interpretation in term of accumulated intercepted solar radiation and the radiation use efficiency (RUE) was used to study the growth and analysis of Jatropha (Jatropha curcas L.). A number of crop growth simulation models have been developed using the RUE concept to predict crop growth and yield in various environments. These models generally calculate daily biomass production as the product of the quantity of radiation intercepted and RUE. This research was carried out to quantify the RUE, biomass and leaf area index on Jatropha under rainfall condition, four levels of nitrogen fertilizer (N) and three population densities (P) planted twice. The experiments used a systematic Nelder fan design with 9 spokes and 4 – 5 rings were conducted at SEAMEO-BIOTROP field experiment in 2007. Data from the first experiment were used for parameterization and calibration and the second experiment data for model validation. Values of RUE were determined by nitrogen fertilizer and plant density. Based on parameterization, we found that RUE for prediction above ground biomass accumulation of Jatropha were 0.94 (r=0.83) g MJ-1 to 1.3 (r=0.75) g MJ-1. Validation between model prediction and field experimental data showed that model can simulate crop growth and development of Jatropha.

scholarly journals Assessing the ability of three land ecosystem models to simulate gross carbon uptake of forests from boreal to Mediterranean climate in Europe

2007 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 647-656 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Jung ◽  
G. Le Maire ◽  
S. Zaehle ◽  
S. Luyssaert ◽  
M. Vetter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eddy Covariance ◽  
Model Comparison ◽  
Gross Primary Production ◽  
Radiation Use Efficiency ◽  
Mediterranean Forests ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Limited Region ◽  
Eddy Covariance Measurements ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Radiation Use

Abstract. Three terrestrial biosphere models (LPJ, Orchidee, Biome-BGC) were evaluated with respect to their ability to simulate large-scale climate related trends in gross primary production (GPP) across European forests. Simulated GPP and leaf area index (LAI) were compared with GPP estimates based on flux separated eddy covariance measurements of net ecosystem exchange and LAI measurements along a temperature gradient ranging from the boreal to the Mediterranean region. The three models capture qualitatively the pattern suggested by the site data: an increase in GPP from boreal to temperate and a subsequent decline from temperate to Mediterranean climates. The models consistently predict higher GPP for boreal and lower GPP for Mediterranean forests. Based on a decomposition of GPP into absorbed photosynthetic active radiation (APAR) and radiation use efficiency (RUE), the overestimation of GPP for the boreal coniferous forests appears to be primarily related to too high simulated LAI - and thus light absorption (APAR) – rather than too high radiation use efficiency. We cannot attribute the tendency of the models to underestimate GPP in the water limited region to model structural deficiencies with confidence. A likely dry bias of the input meteorological data in southern Europe may create this pattern. On average, the models compare similarly well to the site GPP data (RMSE of ~30% or 420 gC/m2/yr) but differences are apparent for different ecosystem types. In terms of absolute values, we find the agreement between site based GPP estimates and simulations acceptable when we consider uncertainties about the accuracy in model drivers, a potential representation bias of the eddy covariance sites, and uncertainties related to the method of deriving GPP from eddy covariance measurements data. Continental to global data-model comparison studies should be fostered in the future since they are necessary to identify consistent model bias along environmental gradients.

scholarly journals Solar radiation use efficiency by soybean under field conditions in the Amazon region

2009 ◽  
Vol 44 (10) ◽  
pp. 1211-1218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Jorge de Oliveira Ponte de Souza ◽  
Aristides Ribeiro ◽  
Edson José Paulino da Rocha ◽  
José Renato Bouça Farias ◽  
Renata Silva Loureiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Amazon Region ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Radiation Use Efficiency ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Natural Field ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Radiation Use

The objective of this work was to evaluate the efficiency of soybean (Glycine max) in intercepting and using solar radiation under natural field conditions, in the Amazon region, Brazil. The meteorological data and the values of soybean growth and leaf area were obtained from an agrometeorological experiment carried out in Paragominas, Pará state, during 2007 and 2008. The radiation use efficiency (RUE) was obtained from the ratio between the above-ground biomass production and the intercepted photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) accumulated to 99 and 95 days after sowing, in 2007 and 2008, respectively. Climatic conditions during the experiment were very distinct, with reduction in rainfall in 2007, which began during the soybean mid-cycle, due to the El Niño phenomenon. An important reduction in the leaf area index and biomass production was observed during 2007. Under natural field conditions in the Amazon region, the values of RUE were 1.46 and 1.99 g MJ-1 PAR in the 2007 and 2008 experiments, respectively. The probable reason for the differences found between these years might be associated to the water restriction in 2007 coupled with the higher air temperature and vapor pressure deficit, and also to the increase in the fraction of diffuse radiation that reached the land surface in 2008.

Leaf development, radiation interception and radiation-use efficiency of kale crops supplied with different rates of banded or broadcast phosphorus fertiliser

2011 ◽  
Vol 62 (10) ◽  
pp. 840 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Chakwizira ◽  
D. J. Moot ◽  
W. R. Scott ◽  
A. L. Fletcher ◽  
S. Maley
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Use Efficiency ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Radiation Interception ◽  
Degree Day ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
P Application ◽  
Leaf Appearance ◽  
Radiation Use ◽  
P Supply

Inadequate phosphorus (P) supply at crop establishment can reduce dry matter (DM) accumulation. A field experiment quantified the effects of banded or broadcast P fertiliser (0, 20, 40 or 60 kg P/ha) applied at establishment to moderately fertile soils on growth and development of ‘Regal’ kale (Brassica oleracea var. acephala L.) crops. DM yield increased from 8710 to ~11 400 kg/ha by the addition of P fertiliser but was unaffected by the method of P application. The control crops accumulated 630 kg DM/100 degree-day (degree-day-accumulated heat available for crop growth) compared with ~800 kg/100 degree-day for the P-fertilised crops. The yield response to P was caused by an increased rate of development of leaf area index (LAI) and consequently earlier canopy closure that led to higher accumulated radiation interception (RIcum). The maximum LAI for the control crops was 3.80 or 24% lower than for fertilised crops. At the final harvest total RIcum for P-fertilised crops was 22% higher than the 592 MJ/m2 for the control, and this accounted for 80% of their yield differences. Leaf appearance rates were unaffected by P supply, with a common phyllochron of 109 degree-day. There was a consistent relationship between light interception and LAI, with a critical LAI of 3.40, extinction coefficient of 0.90 and radiation-use efficiency of 1.56 g/MJ photosynthetically active radiation. Overall, these results support a starter P application of at least 20 kg P/ha at establishment to maximise yields for kale crops when initial soil Olsen P levels ranged from 9 to 17 mg/kg soil.

scholarly journals Radiation Use Efficiency for Cowpea Subjected to Different Irrigation Depths Under the Climatic Conditions of the Northeast Of Pará State

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 579-587
Author(s):  
Denis de Pinho Sousa ◽  
Paulo Jorge Oliveira Ponte de Souza ◽  
Vivian Dielly da Silva Farias ◽  
Hildo Giuseppe Caldas Nunes ◽  
Denílson Pontes Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Deficit ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Radiation Use Efficiency ◽  
Crop Evapotranspiration ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Active Radiation ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Radiation Use ◽  
Absorbed Photosynthetically Active Radiation

Abstract This study aims to determine the cowpea efficiency in absorbing and using solar radiation according to different irrigation depths under the climatic conditions of the northeast of Pará State. The experiment was carried out on 2014 and 2016 in an experimental design of randomized blocks, which consisted in six blocks with four treatments, in which different irrigation depths the reproductive phase were applied, as follows: T100, T50, T25 e T0, that corresponded to 100%, 50%, 25% e 0% of the crop evapotranspiration, respectively. The absorbed photosynthetically active radiation, leaf area index (LAI), total aerial dry matter (TADM) and grain yield were measured. The extinction coefficient (k) was obtained by nonlinear regression between the fraction of absorbed PAR (fPARinter) and the LAI. The radiation use efficiency (RUE) was calculated by linear regression between the TADM and the accumulated absorbed PAR. The water deficit imposed by the treatments had a significant influence on the LAI, TADM and cowpea yields. The water deficit did not significantly influenced k – it ranged between 0.83 for T100 and 0.70 for T0. The RUE showed significant behaviors regarding the treatments with adequate water supply and treatments under water deficit, ranging from 2.23 to 1.64 g·MJ-1, respectively.

scholarly journals Assessing the ability of three land ecosystem models to simulate gross carbon uptake of forests from boreal to Mediterranean climate in Europe

2007 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 1353-1375 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Jung ◽  
G. Le Maire ◽  
S. Zaehle ◽  
S. Luyssaert ◽  
M. Vetter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eddy Covariance ◽  
Gross Primary Production ◽  
Net Ecosystem Exchange ◽  
Radiation Use Efficiency ◽  
Mean Annual Temperature ◽  
Mediterranean Forests ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Eddy Covariance Measurements ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Radiation Use

Abstract. We evaluate three terrestrial biosphere models (LPJ, Orchidee, Biome-BGC) with respect to their capacity to simulate climate related trends in gross primary production (GPP) of forests in Europe. We compare simulated GPP and leaf area index (LAI) with GPP estimates based on flux separated eddy covariance measurements of net ecosystem exchange (NEE) and LAI measurements along a gradient in mean annual temperature from the boreal to the Mediterranean.The three models capture qualitatively the pattern suggested by the site data: an increase in GPP from boreal to temperate and a subsequent decline from temperate to Mediterranean climates. The models consistently predict higher GPP for boreal and lower GPP for Mediterranean forests. Based on a decomposition of GPP into absorbed photosynthetic active radiation (APAR) and radiation use efficiency (RUE), the overestimation of GPP for the boreal zone appears to be primarily related to too high simulated LAI - and thus light absorption (APAR) – rather than too high radiation use efficiency. On average, the models compare similarly well to the site GPP data (RMSE of ~30% or 420 gC/m2/yr) but differences are apparent for different ecosystem types. Given uncertainties about the accuracy in model drivers, a potential representation bias of the eddy covariance sites, and uncertainties related to the method of deriving GPP from eddy covariance measurements data, we find the agreement between site data and simulations acceptable, providing confidence in simulations of GPP for European forests.

scholarly journals Study on Radiation Interception and Use in Some Mustard Varieties

2020 ◽  
pp. 11-23
Author(s):  
M. A. Awal ◽  
M. O. Gani
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Radiation Use Efficiency ◽  
Branch Number ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Radiation Interception ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Radiation Use

Aim: Solar radiation is the unique source of energy which drives the photosynthesis of green plants for producing biomass to living being. Use efficiency of solar radiation to produce biomass has been quantified for many crops in field condition but no study is undertaken for mustard although it is an important oil seed crop in the world as well as in Bangladesh. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to evaluate the radiation-use efficiency of mustard crop. Study Design: The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replicates. Place and Duration of Study: The experiment was conducted in the Crop Botany Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during the winter season extended from November 2011 to March 2012. Methodology: Treatments comprised six mustard varieties viz. BINAsarisha-3, BINAsarisha-4, BINAsarisha-5, BINAsarisha-6, BINAsarisha-7 and BINAsarisha-8 which were grown following standard cultivation techniques to optimize the growth and development. Radiation measurements along the growing season were carried out during solar noon on some sunny days with a Radiometer connected to a 1 m long Line Quantum Sensor. Results: Mustard varieties showed wide variation in terms of plant height, branch number, leaf area index (LAI), dry matter (DM) accumulation, yield components and yield and radiation interception and use. BINAsarisha-6 showed better performance on the aforesaid traits followed by BINAsarisha-7 while lower performance was observed in BINAsarisha-3 and BINAsarisha-4. The higher seed yield (2.41 t ha-1) was obtained in the BINAsarisha-6, the variety also showed higher radiation-use efficiency, RUE (3.75 g MJ-1 PAR) whereas the lower seed yield (about 2.1 t ha-1) was observed in the BINAsarisha-3 or BINAsarisha-4, the varieties also showed the lower RUE (<3 g MJ-1 PAR) which indicate that the higher accumulation of DM in BINAsarisha-6 variety as influenced by higher utilization of solar radiation effectively constitute the seed yield. The temporal RUE showed much fluctuated pattern in all the varieties and higher RUEs were observed at the later part of the crop growth. The variety BINAsarisha-6 also showed the higher seasonal mean RUE whereas BINAsarisha-4 showed the lower. Conclusion: Mustard varieties showed wide variation in growth, yield and radiation interception and use. Higher biomass production as well as higher seed yield is associated with higher utilization of solar radiation.

scholarly journals Comparison of Growth Indices of Nigella sativa L. under Different Plant Densities and Fertilization

2019 ◽  
pp. 231
Author(s):  
Ioannis Roussis, Ioanna Kakabouki, Dimitrios Bilalis
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Nigella Sativa ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Growth Indices ◽  
Area Index ◽  
High Plant Density ◽  
Plant Densities

Agronomic practices such as plant density and fertilizer management are referred to comprise crop environment, which influences plant growth, productivity, and ultimately the yield. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the influence of plant density and fertilization on the growth and growth indices of Nigella sativa crop and to determine the association between yield and growth characteristics at both the single plant and crop stand level. The 2-year experiment was laid out in a split-plot design, with three replications, two main plots (200 and 300 plants m-2) and four sub-plots (fertilization treatments: control, compost, farmyard manure and inorganic fertilizer). The highest absolute growth rate (AGR) (0.0321 g day-1) and relative growth rate (RGR) (0.0714 g g-1 day-1) values were recorded when plants subjected to low-density and inorganic fertilization, while the highest crop growth rate (CGR) (8.0342 g m-2 day-1) was obtained under high-plant density and inorganic fertilization. Concerning specific leaf area (SLA), the highest value (196.28 cm2 g-1) was found in inorganic fertilized treatment. Leaf area index (LAI), Leaf area duration (LAD) and Biomass duration (BMD) were positively affected by both plant density and fertilization with the greatest values observed under high-density and fertilization. In conclusion, plant densities higher than 200 plants m-2 lead to higher crop growth, but lower growth of individual plants and decreased seed yield, while the application of inorganic fertilizers increases crop growth and yield as these fertilizers contain higher levels of nitrogen with high solubility and therefore quick availability for the crop than the organic fertilizers.

scholarly journals Biomass accumulation and radiation use efficiency of winter wheat under deficit irrigation regimes

2009 ◽  
Vol 55 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 85-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Q. Li ◽  
M. Liu ◽  
J. Zhang ◽  
B. Dong ◽  
Q. Bai
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Radiation Use Efficiency ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Irrigation Regimes ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Radiation Use

To better understand the potential for improving biomass accumulation and radiation use efficiency (RUE) of winter wheat under deficit irrigation regimes, in 2006–2007 and 2007–2008, an experiment was conducted at the Luancheng Experimental Station of Chinese Academy of Science to study the effects of deficit irrigation regimes on the photosynthetic active radiation (PAR), biomass accumulation, grain yield, and RUE of winter wheat. In this experiment, field experiment involving winter wheat with 1, 2 and 3 irrigation applications at sowing, jointing, or heading stages was conducted, and total irrigation water was all controlled at 120 mm. The results indicate that irrigation 2 or 3 times could help to increase the PAR capture ratio in the later growing season of winter wheat; this result was mainly due to the changes in the vertical distributions of leaf area index (LAI) and a significant increase of the LAI at 0–20 cm above the ground surface (LSD, <i>P</i> < 0.05). Compared with irrigation only once during the growing season of winter wheat, irrigation 2 times significantly (LSD, <i>P</i> < 0.05) increased aboveground dry matter at maturity; irrigation at sowing and heading or jointing and heading stages significantly (LSD, <i>P</i> < 0.05) improved the grain yield, and irrigation at jointing and heading stages provided the highest RUE (0.56 g/mol). Combining the grain yield and RUE, it can be concluded that irrigation at jointing and heading stages has higher grain yield and RUE, which will offer a sound measurement for developing deficit irrigation regimes in North China.

Fababean (Vicia faba) in Australia's northern grains belt: canopy development, biomass, and nitrogen accumulation and partitioning

2002 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 227 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Turpin ◽  
M. J. Robertson ◽  
N. S. Hillcoat ◽  
D. F. Herridge
Keyword(s):  
Water Deficit ◽  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Extinction Coefficient ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Main Stem ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Canopy Development ◽  
Stem Node ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Radiation Use

The growth and yield of fababean (Vicia faba) in temperate environments has been well described; however, information is lacking on the response of the crop to the higher temperature and radiation conditions of subtropical regions. Our aim in this study was to quantify fababean canopy development, radiation interception, radiation use efficiency, biomass partitioning, and nitrogen (N) accumulation and partitioning in a subtropical winter environment and to investigate if parameters describing these processes were consistent between temperate and subtropical regions. Two of the most important factors effecting growth patterns and yield in the field are crop density and water supply. Thus, 2 field experiments were conducted at Lawes, south-eastern Queensland, over 2 seasons, the first concentrating on the effect of plant density and the second on varying water deficit, both using the widely adapted cv. Fiord. Main-stem nodes appeared at the rate of one node every 54 degree-days (base temperature 0˚C), with no effect of plant density. With the addition of each main-stem node, plants produced a constant 5.22 leaves per node until the start of grain-filling, at which time assimilate became limiting. High plant density decreased both the number of leaves produced and the size of individual leaves on later formed branches. Radiation use efficiency values of 1.03–1.29 g/MJ were determined for plants grown under well-watered conditions, with a lower value (0.83 g/MJ) for a partly irrigated crop. The measured radiation extinction coefficient was 0.73 for leaf area index values ranging from 0.4 to 7.5, pooled across experiments and treatments. Leaf and stem were partitioned in equal proportions until pod set, and the root : shoot ratio was c. 0.8 at the beginning of pod set. The rate of increase in harvest index (HI) during pod filling was 0.012/day, except under fully irrigated conditions in 1999, when HI was much reduced, possibly due to pod shedding. Parameters such as the extinction coefficient, partitioning between leaf and stem, and rate of main-stem node appearance appeared to be quite conservative in response to density and water deficit, and were within the range of published values from temperate and Mediterranean environments. This is an encouraging outcome and suggests that it should be possible to simulate growth and yield of fababean across the diverse climate zones in which the crop is grown in Australia by using a single simulation model.

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