LDL PARTICLE SIZE AND LIPID PROFILE IN CHILDREN WITH TYPE 1 DIABETES

Background: Type-1 Diabetes Mellitus is the most common endocrine-metabolic disorder of childhood and adolescence. The diseases has a prevalence of approximately 1 in 2500 children at age 5 years to approximately 1 in 300 children by age 18 years. A recent study from Madras suggests that diabetes in Indian children is present in a frequency of 10.5 per 1,00,000 patient years. Prevalence of childhood diabetes among urban population in India is 0.26 per 1000. Type-1 diabetes constituted nearly 90 to 100% of all children with diabetes. Objective: The objectives of this research were to study the levels of glycosylated hemoglobin and lipid profile in type 1 diabetes mellitus in children attending Gandhi Hospital Secunderabad, Telangana and to study the precipitating factors in Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA). Subjects and Methods:Design: This was a Cross-Sectional study. Duration: One year and six months i.e. from January 2017 to June 2018. Participants: 50 diabetic children of age less than 18 years attending Gandhi Hospital, Secunderabad, Telangana were included in the study.The diabetic cases were studied using a predesigned and pretested proforma. A detailed clinical examination was carried out with detailed anthropometric measurements and necessary lab investigations were done. Metabolic profile was assessed by investigating for blood sugar levels, glycosylated hemoglobin, and lipid profile. Rates, ratios and percentages of presentations and significance were calculated using Chi-square test.Result:48 % cases had onset of diabetes Mellitus at 13-18 years with Male: female ratio of 1.27: 1. 20 % had family history of diabetes. 16 % children had normal nutrition, 20 % children had grade I and grade II, 38% had grade III and 6 % children had grade IV. 54% children had glycosylated hemoglobin level of more than 10% indicating poor glycemic control, 32 % had fair control, and 14 % had good glycosylated hemoglobin levels. 62 % presented with fever , 40 % presented with symptoms of polyuria, polydipsia and polyphagia, 37.5 % presented with vomiting, 18 % children with loose stools, abdominal pain, 20 % children had breathlessness, 6% presented with seizures. 88.9% were diagnosed to have diabetic ketoacidosis as their initial presentation of diabetes mellitus Causes for precipitating factors of diabetic ketoacidosis were associated infections like pneumonia (22 %) and urinary tract infection(16 %), Non availability of insulin doses (25%), non-acceptance by child (16.66 %). Recurrent hospitalization in the patients with 5 years diabetic duration was statistically significant. Common causes being hypoglycemia (38 %) recurrent DKA (24 %), pneumonia (12 %) and urinary tract infections (8 %). 23.52% cases were non-compliant.Conclusion:More than half of the cases(54%) had poor glycemic control. Majority presented with classical symptoms of polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, fever, breathlessness and diabetic ketoacidosis as clinical presentation. Causes for precipitating factors of diabetic ketoacidosis were associated infections like pneumonia and urinary tract infection, non-availability of insulin doses and non- acceptance by child.

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Association Between Serum Magnesium and Glycemic Control, Lipid Profile and Diabetic Retinopathy in Type 1 Diabetes

Journal of the Endocrine Society ◽

10.1210/jendso/bvab048.933 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. A457-A457

Author(s):

Isabel Inácio ◽

Teresa Azevedo ◽

Sara Ferreira ◽

Patrícia Rosinha ◽

Márcia Alves ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 1 Diabetes ◽

Diabetic Retinopathy ◽

Glycemic Control ◽

Lipid Profile ◽

Diabetes Complications ◽

Serum Magnesium ◽

Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Hydroxyvitamin D ◽

Significant Difference

Abstract Background: Many studies have shown an association between decreased serum magnesium (Mg) levels and poor glycemic control and dyslipidemia in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1DM). However, few studies have evaluated the association between reduced Mg levels and the diabetes complications in these patients and, in particular with diabetic retinopathy (DR), found divergent results. Aims: To evaluate the status of serum Mg levels in adults with T1DM and to assess the association between Mg levels and glycemic control, lipid profile and prevalence of DR. Methods: Retrospective study of adults with T1DM, with an ophthalmological evaluation and a serum Mg level determination. According to Mg levels, the patients were stratified into two groups: normomagnesemic (1.81–2.60 mg/dl) and hypomagnesemic (≤1.80 mg/dl) patients. Exclusion criteria were: patients on diuretics or proton-pump inhibitors, malabsorption or diarrhea, oral magnesium supplementation in recent past, pregnancy or sepsis. Results: Included 105 patients (56.2% male) with median age of 36.0 (interquartile range 16.0) years and median T1DM duration of 16.0 (12.0) years. Median HbA1c was 7.6 (1.5)% and median Mg levels was 1.96 (0.23) mg/dl. Hypomagnesemia (≤1.80 mg/dl) was detected in 20.0% (n=21) patients and 26.7% (n=28) had DR. Hypomagnesemic patients had higher HbA1c [8.2 (1.6) vs 7.5 (1.3)%, p=0.014]. There was no statistical difference in age, sex, T1DM duration or DR between the groups stratified by Mg levels. Mg levels was negatively and weakly correlated with systolic blood pressure (r=-0.200, p=0.041), HbA1c (r=-0.281, p=0.004) and BMI (r=-0.197, p=0.041). There was no correlation between Mg levels and total cholesterol, LDL-C, HDL-C or triglycerides. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, HbA1c was the only predictor of hypomagnesemia [OR=1.541 (1.027–2.312), p=0.037], after the adjustments for age, T1DM duration and BMI. There was no significant difference between patients with or without DR in relation to Mg levels [1.96 (0.28) vs 1.96 (0.19) mg/dL, p=0.986]. Also, there was no statistically significant association between Mg levels and the severity of DR or T1DM duration. In multivariate analysis, T1DM duration, male and estimated glomerular filtration rate >60mL/min/1.73m2 had independently significant association with DR after adjusting for age, glycemic control, hypertension, dyslipidemia, 25-hydroxyvitamin D and Mg levels [OR=1.194 (1.088–1.310), p=<0.001; OR=6.980 (1.654–29.450), p=0.008, and OR=0.780 (0.008–0.751), p=0.028, respectively]. Discussion: Hypomagnesemia is a common problem in adults with T1DM and it was correlated with glycemic control, although we did not find significant association between Mg levels and lipid profile or prevalence of DR. Future longitudinal studies may elucidate the causality between reduced Mg levels and the prevalence of diabetes complications.

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Lipid profile in relation to glycemic control in Type 1 diabetes children and adolescents in Bangladesh

Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.4103/ijem.ijem_217_17 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 89 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Bedowra Zabeen ◽

AnaMargarida Balsa ◽

Nasreen Islam ◽

Mukta Parveen ◽

Jebun Nahar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 1 Diabetes ◽

Glycemic Control ◽

Lipid Profile ◽

Children And Adolescents

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Iron metabolism parameters and inflammatory status in patients with diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia

Obesity and metabolism ◽

10.14341/omet12497 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (3) ◽

pp. 269-282

Author(s):

Nadezhda N. Musina ◽

Tatiana V. Saprina ◽

Tatiana S. Prokhorenko ◽

Anastasia P. Zima

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 1 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Lipid Profile ◽

Carbohydrate Metabolism ◽

Iron Metabolism ◽

Inflammatory Status

Background: Investigating the inflammatory status and iron metabolism in patients with impaired carbohydrate metabolism seems quite relevant, while only few studies are devoted to the relationship between metabolic parameters, including lipid profile, inflammatory status indicators and the state of ferrokinetics in diabetes mellitus types 1 and 2 in a comparative aspect.Aims: To establish the direction of changes in the inflammatory status and the state of ferrokinetics in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus depending on lipid metabolism disorders.Materials and methods: The study included 48 patients with type 1 diabetes, 81 patients with type 2 diabetes; 11 people with obesity without impaired carbohydrate metabolism made up the comparison group, 17 healthy volunteers - the control group. Low-grade inflammation was assessed by the levels of high-sensitive C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosisfactor-а (TNF-а), ferritin, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). The state of iron metabolism was evaluated by the main hematological parameters (hemoglobin, red blood cell count, hematocrit), serum iron concentrations, transferrin, ferritin and hepcidin concentrations. In all patients lipid metabolism parameters, glycated hemoglobin, and microalbuminuria were measured.Results: Patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus had significantly higher inflammatory markers concentrations-TNF-а, ESR, and CRP - in relation to obese patients without impaired carbohydrate metabolism and those in the control group. The highest production of TNF-а was observed in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (15.28 [12.41-24.41] pg/ml), whereas CRP (7.00 [3.00-11.85] ng/ml) and ESR (18.00 [9.00-27.00] mm/h) were higher in patients with type 2 diabetes. In the structure of the examined individuals with diabetes mellitus (regardless of its type), dyslipidemia type IIb in comparison with less atherogenic type IIa dyslipidemia was characterized by a higher production of CRP (6.9 [3.00-12.35] and 3.00 [1.80-8.70] ng/ml, respectively), ESR (20.00 [10.00-30.00] and 15.00 [5.00-24.50] mm/h, respectively) and ferritin (114.80 [48.90-196.45] and 50.90 [19.58-114.10] ng/ml, respectively). Compared to iron deficiency anemia, anemia of chronic diseases in diabetes mellitus patients was more often accompanied by dyslipidemia llb (χ2=2.743; p=0.098) and was characterized by a higher content of atherogenic fractions of cholesterol.Conclusions: Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and a more atherogenic dyslipidemia profile (type IIb) have a phenotype of the local inflammatory mesenchymal reaction of the liver with an increase in acute-phase proteins predominantly of hepatic origin (CRP, ferritin), whereas individuals suffering from type 1 diabetes and less atherogenic lipid profile (type IIa) have a phenotype of an autoimmune, genetically determined inflammatory response. It has been established that anemia of chronic diseases developing in the background of diabetes mellitus is associated with a more atherogenic lipid profile, compared with iron deficiency anemia.

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Association Between Serum Magnesium and Glycemic Control, Lipid Profile and Diabetic Retinopathy in Type 1 Diabetes

Cureus ◽

10.7759/cureus.21128 ◽

2022 ◽

Author(s):

Isabel Inácio ◽

Teresa Azevedo ◽

Ana Margarida Balsa ◽

Sara Ferreira ◽

Patrícia Rosinha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 1 Diabetes ◽

Diabetic Retinopathy ◽

Glycemic Control ◽

Lipid Profile ◽

Serum Magnesium

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The Association between Treatment Modality, Lipid Profile, Metabolic Control in Children with Type 1 Diabetes and Celiac Disease—Data from the International Sweet Registry

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13124473 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (12) ◽

pp. 4473

Author(s):

Monica Marino ◽

Alexander J. Eckert ◽

Shoshana Tell ◽

Nevena Krnic ◽

Grazyna Deja ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 1 Diabetes ◽

Celiac Disease ◽

Lipid Profile ◽

Metabolic Control ◽

Treatment Modality ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Diabetes Duration ◽

Cross Sectional

Background and Aims: A higher frequency of dyslipidemia is reported in children with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and celiac disease (CD). Recently, continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) has been associated with better lipid profiles in patients with T1D. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between treatment modality and lipid profile, metabolic control, and body mass index (BMI)-SDS in children with both T1D and CD. Methods: Cross-sectional study in children registered in the international SWEET database in November 2020. Inclusion criteria were children (2–18 years) with T1D and CD with available data on treatment modality (CSII and injections therapy, IT), triglyceride, total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, dyslipidemia, HbA1c, and BMI-SDS. Overweight/obesity was defined as > +1 BMI-SDS for age. Data were analyzed by linear and logistical regression models with adjustment for age, gender, and diabetes duration. Results: In total 1009 children with T1D and CD (female 54%, CSII 54%, age 13.9 years ±3.6, diabetes duration 7.2 years ±4.1, HbA1c 7.9% ±1.4) were included. Significant differences between children treated with CSII vs. IT were respectively found; HDL 60.0 mg/dL vs. 57.8 mg/dL, LDL 89.4 mg/dL vs. 94.2 mg/dL, HbA1c 7.7 vs. 8.1%, BMI-SDS 0.4 vs. 0.6, overweight and obesity 17% vs. 26% (all p < 0.05). Conclusions: CSII is associated with higher HDL and lower LDL, HbA1c, BMI-SDS, and percentage of overweight and obesity compared with IT in this study. Further prospective studies are required to determine whether CSII improves lipid profile, metabolic control and normalize body weight in children with both T1D and CD.

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