scholarly journals Techniques of blood sampling for detection of African swine fever virus in wild boar and domestic pigs in the field conditions

2021 ◽  
pp. 285-294
Author(s):  
A. S. Pershin ◽  
A. R. Shotin ◽  
E. O. Morozova ◽  
A. S. Igolkin ◽  
O. A. Manuylova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wild Boar ◽  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Filter Paper ◽  
African Swine Fever Virus ◽  
African Swine Fever ◽  
Fever Virus ◽  
Blood Sampling ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Immunoperoxidase Technique ◽  
Domestic Pigs

It is thought that due to the high virulence of the African swine fever virus its circulation in the Russian Federation is accompanied by a low seroprevalence. However taking into account a long-term ASF unfavourable situation, the introduction of the virus into the wild boar population, and the occurrence of attenuated viral variants, the significance of serological testing aimed at the detection of viral antibodies is increasing. To collect field samples of biological material from animals for molecular genetic, virological, and serological tests, filter paper, as well as swabs, can be used. The specificity and sensitivity of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay when testing blood absorbed by filter paper are worse than those shown when testing sera, but they allow effective detection of African swine fever virus antibodies. It was demonstrated that blood absorbed on filter paper can be used for the immunoblot analysis, but the optimum performance could be achieved when the immunoperoxidase technique in combination with samples, taken by swabs was used. When comparing results of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay performed on sera collected from domestic pigs (infected with ASFV isolates Antonovo 07/14 and Sobinka 07/15), and blood from ear veins absorbed on filter paper the sensitivity was 88.9%, specificity – 90.6%. However, the use of the immunoperoxidase technique for testing blood from swabs showed 100% coincidence with ELISA, while testing of sera with immunoperoxidase technique was superior to ELISA in sensitivity. This means blood sampling using swabs may be recommended for tests after proper validation. This technique can be especially useful for collecting data about infected wild boars because effective eradication strategies are impossible without such data.

scholarly journals Impaired T‐cell responses in domestic pigs and wild boar upon infection with a highly virulent African swine fever virus strain

2020 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 3016-3032 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Hühr ◽  
Alexander Schäfer ◽  
Theresa Schwaiger ◽  
Laura Zani ◽  
Julia Sehl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Wild Boar ◽  
Virus Strain ◽  
African Swine Fever Virus ◽  
African Swine Fever ◽  
T Cell Responses ◽  
Fever Virus ◽  
Domestic Pigs ◽  
Cell Responses ◽  
Highly Virulent

scholarly journals Comparative Pathology of Domestic Pigs and Wild Boar Infected with the Moderately Virulent African Swine Fever Virus Strain “Estonia 2014”

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 662
Author(s):  
Julia Sehl ◽  
Jutta Pikalo ◽  
Alexander Schäfer ◽  
Kati Franzke ◽  
Katrin Pannhorst ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wild Boar ◽  
Viral Antigen ◽  
African Swine Fever Virus ◽  
African Swine Fever ◽  
Fever Virus ◽  
Kinetic Experiment ◽  
Domestic Pigs ◽  
Hunting Bag ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
The Baltic

Endemically infected European wild boar are considered a major reservoir of African swine fever virus in Europe. While high lethality was observed in the majority of field cases, strains of moderate virulence occurred in the Baltic States. One of these, “Estonia 2014”, led to a higher number of clinically healthy, antibody-positive animals in the hunting bag of North-Eastern Estonia. Experimental characterization showed high virulence in wild boar but moderate virulence in domestic pigs. Putative pathogenic differences between wild boar and domestic pigs are unresolved and comparative pathological studies are limited. We here report on a kinetic experiment in both subspecies. Three animals each were euthanized at 4, 7, and 10 days post infection (dpi). Clinical data confirmed higher virulence in wild boar although macroscopy and viral genome load in blood and tissues were comparable in both subspecies. The percentage of viral antigen positive myeloid cells tested by flow cytometry did not differ significantly in most tissues. Only immunohistochemistry revealed consistently higher viral antigen loads in wild boar tissues in particular 7 dpi, whereas domestic pigs already eliminated the virus. The moderate virulence in domestic pigs could be explained by a more effective viral clearance.

scholarly journals Comparative Pathology of Domestic Pigs and Wild Boar Infected with the Moderately Virulent African Swine Fever Virus Strain “Estonia 2014”

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Sehl ◽  
Jutta Pikalo ◽  
Alexander Schäfer ◽  
Kati Franzke ◽  
Katrin Pannhorst ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wild Boar ◽  
Viral Antigen ◽  
African Swine Fever Virus ◽  
African Swine Fever ◽  
Fever Virus ◽  
Kinetic Experiment ◽  
Domestic Pigs ◽  
Hunting Bag ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
The Baltic

Endemically infected European wild boar are considered a major reservoir of African swine fever virus in Europe. While high lethality was observed in the majority of field cases, strains of moderate virulence occurred in the Baltic States. One of these, “Estonia 2014”, led to a higher number of clinically healthy, antibody-positive animals in the hunting bag of North-Eastern Estonia. Experimental characterization showed high virulence in wild boar but moderate virulence in domestic pigs. Putative pathogenic differences between wild boar and domestic pigs are unresolved and comparative pathological studies are limited. We here report on a kinetic experiment in both subspecies. Three animals each were euthanized at 4, 7 and 10 days post infection (dpi). Clinical data confirmed higher virulence in wild boar although macroscopy and viral genome load in blood and tissues were comparable in both subspecies. The percentage of viral antigen positive myeloid cells tested by flow cytometry did not differ significantly in most tissues. Only immunohistochemistry revealed consistently higher viral antigen loads in wild boar tissues in particular 7 dpi, whereas domestic pigs already eliminated the virus. The moderate virulence in domestic pigs could be explained by a more effective viral clearance.

scholarly journals A solid-phase enzyme linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of African swine fever virus antigen and antibody

1979 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 363-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Wardley ◽  
E. M. E. Abu Elzein ◽  
J. R. Crowther ◽  
P. J. Wilkinson
Keyword(s):  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
African Swine Fever Virus ◽  
African Swine Fever ◽  
Virus Antigen ◽  
Fever Virus ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Diagnostic Use

summaryA solid-phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was developed to measure both African swine fever virus (ASFV) antigen and antibody. Experiments showed it to be reproducible and able to detect limiting antigen concentrations of 50–500 HAD50/ml. The assay was more sensitive than those used at present to detect ASFV antibody and it is suggested that it might be of great diagnostic use in countries where African swine fever has recently appeared.

scholarly journals Characterization of Anti-p54 Monoclonal Antibodies and Their Potential Use for African Swine Fever Virus Diagnosis

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 178
Author(s):  
Weldu Tesfagaber ◽  
Lulu Wang ◽  
Ghebremedhin Tsegay ◽  
Yibrah Tekle Hagoss ◽  
Zhenjiang Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Roc Analysis ◽  
African Swine Fever Virus ◽  
African Swine Fever ◽  
Fever Virus ◽  
Antibody Detection ◽  
Effective Vaccine ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay

African swine fever (ASF) is a highly lethal hemorrhagic viral disease of domestic pigs caused by African swine fever virus (ASFV). Although a good advance has been made to understand the virus, a safe and effective vaccine against ASFV is still lacking and its eradication solely depends on its early and accurate diagnosis. Thus, improving the available diagnostic assays and adding some validated techniques are useful for a range of serological investigations. The aim of this study was to produce and characterize p54 monoclonal antibodies with an ultimate goal of developing a monoclonal antibody-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for ASFV antibody detection. Five monoclonal antibodies against p54 protein expressed in Escherichia coli was generated and their characterizations were investigated. Furthermore, a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA) based on a monoclonal antibody designated as 2A7 was developed. To evaluate the performance of the assay, a total of 365 pig serum samples (178 negative and 187 positive samples) were tested and a receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was applied to determine the cut-off value. Based on the ROC analysis, the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.982 (95% confidence interval: 96.9% to 99.4%), besides a sensitivity of 92.5% and a specificity of 98.9% was achieved when the percent inhibition of 20% was selected as a threshold. Moreover, the result showed an excellent agreement when compared to other commercially available blocking ELISA (kappa value = 0.912) and showed no reaction to other swine pathogens. Overall, the newly developed cELISA method offers a promising approach for a rapid and convenient ASFV serodiagnosis, which could be used as alternative to other serological assays for screening possible ASFV infection.

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