scholarly journals The Sociolinguistic Sampling. Does it Need to be Redefined?

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. p57
Author(s):  
Francisco García Marcos
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Confidence Intervals ◽  
York City ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Social Variation ◽  
The Social ◽  
Spanish Populations ◽  
The City ◽  
Representative Samples

The present article analyses a classic in the methodology on the analysis of the social variation of languages: the application of the ratio of 0'0025 % to obtain a representative sample of the population of a speaking community. This ratio, established empirically by Labov in 1966 for New York City, nevertheless presents important limitations when moving to communities with smaller populations. Replicating the empirical experimentation in four Spanish populations of different demographic size, it is shown that the empirically representative samples correspond to the confidence intervals already provided by the general statistics. Likewise, it is shown that these were the parameters between which 0,0025 % in the city of New York was developed. Consequently, the problem was not in the formulation of the ratio by Labov (1966), but in the subsequent indiscriminate application that has been made of it.

The "Solar Eye" of Vision: Emergence of the Skyscraper-Viewer in the Discourse on Heights in New York City, 1890-1920

2002 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meir Wigoder
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
York City ◽  
Vantage Point ◽  
Urban Transformation ◽  
Roland Barthes ◽  
The Social ◽  
Artistic Vision ◽  
Social Upheaval ◽  
The City

This article explores the social and urban circumstances that made it possible for Alvin Langdon Coburn, the celebrated American Pictorialist photographer, to turn his camera upon Madison Square in 1912 from the vantage point of the Metropolitan Life Tower, and thus to create the first abstraction of a city viewed from above. The paper defines how the birth of the modern skyscraper-viewer corresponded to a period of urban transformation in New York City between 1890 and 1920. By extrapolating the terms of discourse regarding the skyscraper-viewer that appeared in a range of cultural, industrial, and architectural journals, we are able to discern how periods of social upheaval affect individualism and mass identity, which in turn conditions the way artists and writers define their artistic vision in relation to daily life in the city. This rudimentary discourse on heights and everyday life was later taken up by writers such as Michele de Certeau and Roland Barthes, who wrote about seeing a city from great heights and how this vision creates the illusion of power and knowledge in the observer.

Hospitals: N.Y. Appellate Court Denies Move to Privatize Public Hospital

1999 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-203
Author(s):  
Robert Chatham
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
York City ◽  
Public Health System ◽  
Municipal Hospital ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Benefit ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Benefit Corporation ◽  
The City

The Court of Appeals of New York held, in Council of the City of New York u. Giuliani, slip op. 02634, 1999 WL 179257 (N.Y. Mar. 30, 1999), that New York City may not privatize a public city hospital without state statutory authorization. The court found invalid a sublease of a municipal hospital operated by a public benefit corporation to a private, for-profit entity. The court reasoned that the controlling statute prescribed the operation of a municipal hospital as a government function that must be fulfilled by the public benefit corporation as long as it exists, and nothing short of legislative action could put an end to the corporation's existence.In 1969, the New York State legislature enacted the Health and Hospitals Corporation Act (HHCA), establishing the New York City Health and Hospitals Corporation (HHC) as an attempt to improve the New York City public health system. Thirty years later, on a renewed perception that the public health system was once again lacking, the city administration approved a sublease of Coney Island Hospital from HHC to PHS New York, Inc. (PHS), a private, for-profit entity.

The Search for Order in Municipal Administration: Herman A. Metz and the New York City Experience, 1898–1909

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-74
Author(s):  
Ryan P. McDonough ◽  
Paul J. Miranti ◽  
Michael P. Schoderbek
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Internal Control ◽  
York City ◽  
Internal Controls ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Financial Reports ◽  
The Public ◽  
Operational Activities ◽  
The City

ABSTRACT This paper examines the administrative and accounting reforms coordinated by Herman A. Metz around the turn of the 20th century in New York City. Reform efforts were motivated by deficiencies in administering New York City's finances, including a lack of internal control over monetary resources and operational activities, and opaque financial reports. The activities of Comptroller Metz, who collaborated with institutions such as the New York Bureau of Municipal Research, were paramount in initiating and implementing the administrative and accounting reforms in the city, which contributed to reform efforts across the country. Metz promoted the adoption of functional cost classifications for city departments, developed flowcharts for improved transaction processing, strengthened internal controls, and published the 1909 Manual of Accounting and Business Procedure of the City of New York, which laid the groundwork for transparent financial reports capable of providing vital information about the city's activities and subsidiary units. JEL Classifications: H72, M41, N91. Data Availability: Data are available from the public sources cited in the text.

New York at its Core: A Review of an Exhibition at the City Museum of New York

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-106
Author(s):  
Thomas Wide
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
York City ◽  
History Of ◽  
The City

AbstractThomas Wide visits a recent exhibition on the history of New York City

2010 Meltdown – Airport Closure Risk Communications in London and NYC

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-110
Author(s):  
Sweta Chakraborty ◽  
Naomi Creutzfeldt-Banda
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
York City ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
City Area ◽  
Risk Communications ◽  
The City ◽  
Economic And Social Impacts

Saturday, 18 December 2010 was the first of a two day complete closure of all London area airports due to freezing temperatures and approximately five inches of snow. A week later on December 26th, New York City area airports closed in a similar manner from the sixth largest snowstorm in NYC history, blanketing the city approximately twenty inches of snow. Both storms grounded flights for days, and resulted in severe delays long after the snow stopped falling. Both London and NYC area airports produced risk communications to explain the necessity for the closures and delays. This short flash news report examines, in turn, the risk communications presented during the airport closures. A background is provided to understand how the risk perceptions differ between London and NYC publics. Finally, it compares and contrasts the perceptions of the decision making process and outcomes of the closures, which continue to accumulate economic and social impacts.

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