scholarly journals Evaluating the Flour Properties under Different Levels of Particle Size Distribution and Fine Bran Content

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 147
Author(s):  
Zeyad A. Ahmed ◽  
Abeer S. Alhendi ◽  
Mohammed S. Hussein ◽  
Shaimaa A. Abed ◽  
Rana T. Alsallami
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Extraction Rate ◽  
Rheological Characteristics ◽  
Wheat Grains ◽  
Flour Properties ◽  
Different Levels

The main objective of this study was to determine the changes in the rheological characteristics of the flour produced by the industry mill Buhler AG 600 ton/day through adding big particles of flour, semolina, and fine bran (FB) to the produced flour. The study was conducted on mixed wheat grains (80% Iraqi wheat and 20% American Red wheat). After changing the directions of some pipes in the milling section, the flours were tested, and the effect of having bigger particles in the product was measured. The results showed that the flour extraction rate, moisture content, ash, and protein were increased as the flour particle size was increased. Farinograph results explained a clear effect of big particles and fine bran on increasing the water absorption, however, the dough stability was decreased mostly insignificantly. Extensiograph results showed that there was no big difference between the control flour and other produced flour. Therefore, the changes of the mill pipes could increase the flour extraction rate and reduce the pressure on the mill rolls without significant differences in the rheological properties of the produced flour.

scholarly journals Effect of particle size distribution on rheological properties of chocolate

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 9547-9559
Author(s):  
Annika Feichtinger ◽  
Elke Scholten ◽  
Guido Sala
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Particle Shape ◽  
Size Ratio ◽  
Particle Size Ratio ◽  
Effect Of Particle Size

Particle size distribution and particle size ratio have an important effect on rheological properties of model chocolate samples, but also other factors like particle shape, surface roughness and hydrophilicity should be taken into account.

Influence of particle size distribution, test time, and moisture content on sandy stratum LCPC abrasivity test results

2020 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 611-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhengyang Sun ◽  
Zhiyong Yang ◽  
Yusheng Jiang ◽  
Hongji Gao ◽  
Kuanda Fang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Test Time ◽  
Test Results

scholarly journals Variations in selected soil physical properties with landforms and slope within an inland valley ecosystem in Ashanti region of Ghana

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 73-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.E. Obalum ◽  
J.C. Nwite ◽  
J. Oppong ◽  
C.A. Igwe ◽  
T. Wakatsuki
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Site Selection ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
Silt Fraction ◽  
Inland Valley

One peculiar feature of the inland valleys abundant in West Africa is their site-specific hydrology, underlain mainly by the prevailing landforms and topography. Development and management of these land resources under the increasingly popular sawah (a system of bunded, puddled and levelled rice field with facilities for irrigation and drainage) technology is a promising opportunity for enhancing rice (Oryza sativa L.) production in the region. Information on the variations in selected soil physical properties as influenced by the prevailing landforms may serve as a useful guide in site selection. This is of practical importance since majority of the inland valleys are potentially unsuitable for sawah development and most farmers in the region are of low technical level. Three landforms (river levee, elevated area and depressed area) were identified within a sawah field located in an inland valley at Ahafo Ano South District of Ghana. Each of these landforms was topsoil-sampled along on identified gradient (top, mid and bottom slope positions). Parameters determined included particle size distribution, bulk density, total porosity and field moisture content. The soil is predominantly clayey. There were no variations in the particle size distribution among the slope positions in the river levee. Overall, the river levee had lower silt content than the elevated and the depressed landforms. The bulk density, total porosity, and gravimetric moisture content indicated relative improvements only in the depressed area in the order, bottom &gt; mid &gt; top slope. Irrespective of slope position, the three landforms differed in these parameters in the order, depressed &gt; river levee &gt; elevated. The sand fraction impacted negatively on the silt fraction and bulk density of the soil, both of which controlled the soil moisture status. Despite the fairly low silt content of the soil, the silt fraction strongly influenced the gravimetric moisture content (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.80). So too did the soil bulk density on the gravimetric moisture content (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.90). It is concluded that: (1) since the landforms more prominently influenced the measured parameters than the slope positions, the former should take pre-eminence over the latter in soil suitability judgment; (2) with respect to moisture retention, variations in silt fraction and bulk density of this and other clayey inland-valley soils should be used as guide in site selection for sawah development.

The Quality of U100 Sampling

1986 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 419-423
Author(s):  
I. L. Whyte
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Volume Changes ◽  
Sample Quality ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Sample Disturbance

AbstractThe origins and development of the U100 (U4) thick-walled open-drive sampler are reviewed. The requirements of CP 2001 and BS 5930 are examined in relation to sample quality, and these are shown to be too favourable. Causes of sample disturbance are considered, particularly those due to volume changes, and shown to depend on moisture content, plasticity and particle size distribution. Quality classes possible with conventional U100 samples are suggested, and Classes 3 or 4 are to be generally expected. Class 1 samples are improbable. It is recommended that a general purpose sampler such as the U100 should have a maximum inside clearance of 1% and not ‘about 1%’ as recommended in BS 5930.

Adjusting rheological properties of concentrated microgel suspensions by particle size distribution

2015 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 183-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Hahn ◽  
Stefan Nöbel ◽  
Ramona Maisch ◽  
Wiebke Rösingh ◽  
Jochen Weiss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Size Distribution

scholarly journals Factors influencing particle size distributions in finely ground forage

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 383-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Soofi-Siawash ◽  
G. W. Mathison
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Size Distributions ◽  
Particle Size Distributions ◽  
Routine Procedure ◽  
Factors Influencing

Two studies were conducted to assess the possibility of using particle size distribution following grinding as a routine procedure of forage evaluation. It was concluded that although differences in particle size distribution could be detected when different feeds were ground, it would be difficult to standardize the technique since particle size distributions were influenced by type of mill used for grinding, particle size of forage before grinding, and moisture content of the forage. Key words: Forages, grinding, particle size, moisture, mill

scholarly journals Rheological properties of sugarfree milk chocolate: Comparative study and optimisation

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 440-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rasouli-Pirouzian Haniyeh ◽  
Peighardoust Seyed Hadi ◽  
Azadmard-Damirchi Sodeif
Keyword(s):  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Casson Fluid ◽  
Bulking Agents ◽  
Rheological Characteristics ◽  
Flow Properties ◽  
Milk Chocolate ◽  
Simplex Lattice ◽  
Simplex Lattice Mixture Design ◽  
Different Levels

The effects of sugar substitutes on rheological characteristics of compound milk chocolate using a simplex-lattice mixture design were evaluated. For this purpose, two bulking agents (maltitol and xylitol) at different levels (0–100%) were used and ten formulations were examined in order to find the optimum levels. All chocolate samples showed shear thinning behaviour. It was found that compound milk chocolate behaved as a Casson fluid. Chocolate formulations containing the highest maltitol substitution resulted in similar flow properties compared to those of the control and hence can be a good alternative. The results demonstrated that chocolate combinations containing 87.8% maltitol and 12.2% xylitol were found as the optimum concentrations producing the most acceptable rheological properties.

scholarly journals Determination of the Physical, Chemical, and Hydraulic Characteristics of Locally Available Materials for Formulating Extensive Green Roof Substrates

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 774-784 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolaos Ntoulas ◽  
Panayiotis A. Nektarios ◽  
Thomais-Evelina Kapsali ◽  
Maria-Pinelopi Kaltsidi ◽  
Liebao Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Green Roof ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Green Roofs ◽  
N Leaching ◽  
Extensive Green Roof ◽  
Second Stage

Several locally available materials were tested to create an optimized growth substrate for arid and semiarid Mediterranean extensive green roofs. The study involved a four-step screening procedure. At the first step, 10 different materials were tested including pumice (Pum), crushed tiles grade 1–2 mm (T1–2), 2–4 mm (T2–4), 5–8 mm (T5–8), 5–16 mm (T5–16), and 4–22 mm (T4–22); crushed bricks of either 2–4 mm (B2–4) or 2–8 mm (B2–8); a thermally treated clay (TC); and zeolite (Zeo). All materials were tested for their particle size distribution, pH, and electrical conductivity (EC). The results were compared for compliance with existing guidelines for extensive green roof construction. From the first step, the most promising materials were shown to include Pum, Zeo, T5–8, T5–16, and TC, which were then used at the second stage to develop mixtures between them. Tests at the second stage included particle size distribution and moisture potential curves. Pumice mixed with TC provided the best compliance with existing guidelines in relation to particle size distribution, and it significantly increased moisture content compared with the mixes of Pum with T5–8 and T5–16. As a result, from the second screening step, the best performing substrate was Pum mixed with TC and Zeo. The third stage involved the selection of the most appropriate organic amendment of the growing substrate. Three composts having different composition and sphagnum peat were analyzed for their chemical and physical characteristics. The composts were a) garden waste compost (GWC), b) olive (Olea europaea L.) mill waste compost (OMWC), and c) grape (Vitis vinifera L.) marc compost (GMC). It was found that the peat-amended substrate retained increased moisture content compared with the compost-amended substrates. The fourth and final stage involved the evaluation of the environmental impact of the final mix with the four different organic amendments based on their first flush nitrate nitrogen (NO3−-N) leaching potential. It was found that GWC and OMWC exhibited increased NO3−-N leaching that initially reached 160 and 92 mg·L−1 of NO3−-N for OMWC and GWC, respectively. By contrast, peat and GMC exhibited minimal NO3−-N leaching that was slightly above the maximum contaminant level of 10 mg·L−1 of NO3−-N (17.3 and 14.6 mg·L−1 of NO3−N for peat and GMC, respectively). The latter was very brief and lasted only for the first 100 and 50 mL of effluent volume for peat and GMC, respectively.

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