FEATURES OF SELECTIVE IMPROVEMENT OF WINTER WHEAT IN THE ROSTOV REGION STEPPE ZONE
The research was carried out in 2005 – 2019 at the Federal Rostov Agrarian Research Center in the Rostov region. The material was the breeding material of various generations of the breeding center. The introduction of semi-dwarf forms into the selection process was accompanied by the involvement of medium-sized local varieties Tarasovskaya 29, Severodonskaya, Severodonskaya 5, Severodonskaya 12, which were adapted to local conditions as step crosses. Also recursive parental forms from various ekonish were used. Field experiments and censuses were carried out in accordance with the methodology of the State Commission for Variety Testing (1971, 1989) and the Methodological Instructions of the World Collection Vir (1977). Breeding of winter wheat was carried out by conventional methods using the bulk method and pedigree.The material was the selection material of different generations of FRANZ breeding. Recombinants of previous generations were used to create varieties of winter soft wheat of the new morphobiotype Donmira, Acapella, Bylina Don. Under different stress factors, the features of the formation of agrocenoses of new phenotypes were revealed. In order to improve individual characteristics, sources of winter and frost resistance were used. A marker sign of selection for productivity and adaptability in drought conditions is an increase in the weight of grain from the plant and ear, the yield index. Further development of breeding of semi-dwarf varieties will be associated with an increase in the capacity of the agrocenosis. The research was implemented in the creation of 20 varieties of winter soft wheat, which are included in the State register of breeding achievements, with a wide area of cultivation.