scholarly journals Identification and development of source material for breeding early bushy and short-vined cultivars of Cucurbita moschata Duch. ex Poir.

2021 ◽  
Vol 182 (3) ◽  
pp. 143-150
Author(s):  
A. G. Elatskova
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Cucurbita Pepo ◽  
Source Material ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Reference Level ◽  
Crop Breeding ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Research Material ◽  
Good Taste ◽  
Early Ripening

Background. There are three species cultivated in Russia: Cucurbita pepo, C. maxima, and C. moschata, the latter being the most thermophilic among them. Cultivars of C. moschata are grown in southern regions, where a growing season of no less than 110–130 days is required. C. moschata has no bushy cultivars suitable for cultivation. The aim of this study was to search for, identify and develop source material of C. moschata for breeding early-ripening bushy and short-vined cultivars.Materials and methods. Accessions from the VIR collection, advanced cultivars, hybrids and lines of various generations served as research material. The study was based on the guidelines for studying and maintenance of the collection and for cucurbit crop breeding.Results. Source material was identified for breeding practice: early accessions (90–98 days) possessing high productivity and fruit quality, with good taste, namely ‘Early Butternut’, ‘Butternut’, ‘Waltham Butternut’; accession k-3549, ‘Orekhovy’, and accession k-4235; and mid-early accessions (104–105 days) ‘Palov-kadu’, and ‘Aydzu Аkkikudza’. They exceeded in productivity the early-ripening reference (cv. ‘Mariya’) by 26.7–130%, and matched the reference in fruit quality. Hybrids from the crosses of vined accessions with the bushy form KL 745 were studied. Bushiness is inherited monogenetically and controlled by the recessive bu (bush) gene. Identified for breeding were early (93–95 days) bushy lines (KL) with a stem length of 0.8–1.2 m: KL 648, KL 652 and KL 656. Their productivity was within 4.2–4.5 kg per plant (higher than the reference by 40–50%). In fruit quality they were on the reference level. Early (92–98 days) short-vined lines (KPL) were identified, with a stem length of 1.3–2.0 m: KPL 168, KPL 640 and KPL 680; their productivity ranged 4.9–6.8 kg per plant, and their fruit quality was good or excellent.

scholarly journals Yield and Fruit Quality of Strawberry Cultivars under Different Irrigation Regimes

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 261
Author(s):  
María Teresa Ariza ◽  
Luis Miranda ◽  
José Antonio Gómez-Mora ◽  
Juan Jesús Medina ◽  
David Lozano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Yield Efficiency ◽  
Significant Yield ◽  
Water Treatments ◽  
Strawberry Cultivars

Strawberry (Fragaria×ananassa Duch.) production requires the input of large amounts of water provided by irrigation during the entire production cycle. However, water availability is shrinking in many important strawberry cropping areas, such as Huelva (in Europe), compromising the environmental sustainability and economic viability of strawberry production. Besides technical approaches, water-saving strategies are necessary for improving strawberry water productivity such as the use of low water-consumptive cultivars with high productivity or cultivars allowing deficit irrigation (DI) strategies. A two-year field experiment was conducted to compare the physiological and agronomical response of six commercial strawberry cultivars (‘Sabrina’, ‘Fortuna’, ‘Splendor’, ‘Primoris’, ‘Rabida’ and ‘Rociera’) to six different water treatments ranging from 65% to 140% of estimated ‘Sabrina’ evapotranspiration (ETcSab; ~224–510 mm year−1). Cultivars differed substantially in yield and water consumption linked to their biomass partitioning into reproductive/ vegetative organs, determining different yield efficiency (YE). Their water needs (IN) conditioned their response to different water supplies, involving significant yield losses in DI treatments (<20% IN) but not decreasing fruit quality. The highly-consumptive and productive ‘Rabida’ and ‘Rociera’, reduced yields by DI (<40%) but were still profitable; the low-water-consumptive but still productive ‘Fortuna’, ‘Splendor’ and ‘Primoris’ represent significant water-savings (<20%) in strawberry cultivation.

scholarly journals The Potential Use of Hot Water Rinsing and Brushing Technology to Extend Storability and Shelf Life of Sweet Acorn Squash (Cucurbita pepo L.)

Horticulturae ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Chalupowicz ◽  
Sharon Alkalai-Tuvia ◽  
Merav Zaaroor-Presman ◽  
Elazar Fallik
Keyword(s):  
Shelf Life ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Skin Color ◽  
Cucurbita Pepo ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Fruit Firmness ◽  
Water Rinsing ◽  
Excellent Source ◽  
Potential Use

Acorn squash fruits (Cucurbita pepo L.) are very sweet and are an excellent source of nutrients and vitamins. Very little information is available about their optimal storage temperature or how to extend their shelf life. The present goal was to elucidate the best storage temperature of this fruit, and to evaluate hot water rinsing and brushing (HWRB) technology to maintain fruit quality for several months. The optimal storage temperature was found to be 15 °C. However, treating the fruits with HWRB at 54 °C for 15 s and then storing them at 15 °C significantly maintained fruit quality for 3.5 months, as indicated by higher fruit firmness, lower decay incidence, and improved retention of green skin color.

scholarly journals Variability and correlations of economically valuable traits in cowpea from the VIR collection in the environments of Astrakhan provincer

2019 ◽  
Vol 180 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-65
Author(s):  
M. V. Gurkina
Keyword(s):  
Seed Weight ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Seed Maturation ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Agricultural Produce ◽  
Economically Valuable Traits ◽  
Early Ripening ◽  
Number Of Seeds

Background. The problem of a deficit in vegetable protein and the need to diversify agricultural produce require involvement of new and little-known crops, such as cowpea, in the production. Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) is a high-protein leguminous crop; its breeding and production have been intensified in Russia only in recent years. The study of the VIR collection, carried out at the Institute’s branch in Astrakhan, makes it possible to disclose the crop’s breeding potential. Objective: Studying the range of variability and tracing the relationships of economically valuable traits in vegetable (green pod) cowpea under the conditions of Astrakhan Province.Materials and methods. In 2008‑2010, a study was implemented at an experiment plot of the Astrakhan branch of VIR. Thirty- three accessions of green pod cowpea from the VIR collection were studied to analyze the variability of 12 phenotypic traits. Positive and negative correlations were identified between the following characters: interphase periods (flowering, industrial ripeness and seed maturation), shape of the shrub, lengths of the stem and to the first pod, length and weight of the pod, number of seeds per pod, presence of a parchment layer and fiber in pod valves, pod yield per plant, number of pods and peduncles, seed weight per plant, and weight of 1000 seeds.Results and conclusion. Medium variability was observed for such characters as the interphase periods ‘shoots–industrial ripeness’ and ‘shoots– seed maturation’, number of seeds per pod, and weight of 1000 seeds: the coefficient of variation (CV) was 15‑18%. High variation was registered for the length and weight of the pod (CV = 26‑32%), shrub shape, stem length, and length of the stem up to the first pod (CV = 35‑37%). The widest ranges of variability were demonstrated in the quantitative yield characters of cowpea accessions: number of pods per plant (CV = 33‑49%), number of flower stalks (CV = 38‑51%), and seed weight per plant (CV = 38‑44%), which means that cowpea yield is quite susceptible to weather conditions. During the three years of studying, the lowest levels of variability in economically valuable traits were characteristic of the accessions of the early-ripening group: k‑668 and k‑873 (China); mid- ripening group: k‑971 (India); and late-ripening group: k‑141 (China). Cowpea pod productivity depended to the greatest degree from mean values of the number of pods per plant (r = 0,73) and the number of peduncles (r = 0,71). The identified correlations in the productivity components make it possible to optimize the selection of accessions promising as source materials for the development of new high-yielding cultivars.

Fruit quality and biochemical characteristics of new early ripening apricots of Turkey

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Çiğdem Çuhacı ◽  
Fırat Ege Karaat ◽  
Yılmaz Uğur ◽  
Selim Erdoğan ◽  
Bayram Murat Asma
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Biochemical Characteristics ◽  
Early Ripening

scholarly journals Linear Relationships Between Yield, Quality and Phenological Traits of Strawberry Cultivars

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 737
Author(s):  
Maria Inês Diel ◽  
Alessandro Dal’Col Lúcio ◽  
Denise Schmidt ◽  
Marcos Vinícius Marques Pinheiro ◽  
Tiago Olivoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Indirect Selection ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Selection Processes ◽  
Linear Relationships ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Full Flowering ◽  
Yield Quality ◽  
High Production

The great economic importance attributed to strawberry cultivation raises the interest in cultivars of high productivity and superior fruit quality. The quality of fruit is the most impacting factor for the strawberry marketing, but selecting genotypes that combine high production and high fruit quality has been a difficult task. The objective of this study was to determine the linear relationships between phenological, quality and production variables of strawberry aiming at identifying potential variables for indirect selection in future selection processes of strawberry genotypes. A trial was conducted in a randomized block design with two cultivars and two transplant origins, grown in four types of substrate. Fifteen variables, including phenological, productive and fruit quality-related variables were assessed. The selected variables explained 45.2 and 39.1 % for PC1 and PC2 respectively, totaling 84.3 % of the total variance of the variables in the PCA, and indicated important relationships between the variables, and a path analysis revealed success for indirect selection of total mass of fruits based on the total number of fruits (0.81413). Changes in crop management that reduces the period between planting date and full flowering may be an alternative to increase the production of strawberry and provide fruits with higher quality.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the cucumber gene pool of the VIR collection on precocity and fruiting period under the conditions of the Lower Volga region

2020 ◽  
pp. 16-21
Author(s):  
T. M. Piskunova ◽  
E. Kh. Sukhanberdina
Keyword(s):  
Gene Pool ◽  
Relative Resistance ◽  
Term Study ◽  
Lower Volga Region ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
Research Material ◽  
World Collection ◽  
The World ◽  
Early Ripening

Relevance. In connection with the annual epiphytotic development of peronosporosis (Pseudoperonospora cubensis (Berk. and Curt.) Rostow. on cucumber and the absence varieties immune to this disease, it is advisable to create and cultivate precocious varieties and hybrids that can form the main part of the yield before the period of mass spread of the disease. In order to rationally use the cucumber gene pool long-term research of the world collection is carried out to search of sources of yield, precocity and resistance to peronosporosis.Material and methods. The studies were conducted at Volgograd Experimental Station of VIR (Volgograd province). The research material was 370 cucumber accessions from the world collection of VIR. Evaluation of accessions on a complex of signs was carried out according to methodical guidelines of VIR.Results and conclusions. Long-term study of cucumber accessions of various geographical origin showed that the duration of the interphase period "mass seedlings - the first harvest of fruits" did not differ significantly in samples of different geographical groups, most of them belong to the early ripening. It was found that the duration of the fruiting period depended on the degree of resistance of plants to peronosporosis: the higher the resistance of the variety or hybrid, the longer the fruiting period. A number of precocious, yielding hybrids and varieties, as well as samples with a long period of fruiting and relative resistance to peronosporosis, were allocated. The perspective material for the decision of separate problems in breeding of a cucumber is recommended.

scholarly journals Comparative analysis of the inheritance of a high development rate in the Rimax and Rico lines of spring bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 182 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-88
Author(s):  
B. V. Rigin ◽  
Е. V. Zuev ◽  
А. S. Andreeva ◽  
I. I. Matvienko ◽  
Z. S. Pyzhenkova
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Development Rate ◽  
Source Material ◽  
Spring Bread Wheat ◽  
Short Day ◽  
Long Day ◽  
Ctab Method ◽  
Early Ripening

Background. Development of early-ripening spring bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars is an important task for Russian breeders. Knowledge of the genetics of ultraearly varieties – sources of valuable genes that determine an earlier-maturing type of plant development –will be used to work out methods for obtaining source material for breeding.Materials and methods. The ultra-early lines Rico (k65588, var. erythrospermum Koern.) and Rimax (k-67257, var. lutescens (Alef.) Mansf.), and cvs. ‘Max’ (k-57181, var. lutescens) and ‘Leningradskaya 6’ (k-64900, var. lutescens) were studied. Alleles of the Vrn and Ppd genes were identified by PCR according to known publications, and genomic DNA was isolated from 3-day-old seedlings by the CTAB method.Results. In the environments of Northwest Russia, the Rimax and Rico lines are characterized by the highest rate of development before heading among the spring wheat accessions from the VIR collection. In the Rimax and Rico genotypes, the Vrn-A1, Vrn-B1, Vrn-D1 and Ppd-D1 genes were found. Genotypes with different alleles of Ppd-D1 and Vrn-B1 were identified in the Rimax line. Under conditions of a long day (18 hours), in the population of F2  (F3 ) Rico × Rimax hybrids, the ratio of phenotypes with a high development rate to all others was observed as 1 : 15 (χ2 1: 15 = 0.64). Under a short day (12 hours), 5 clearly tested groups were identified in F2 with the ratio 1 : 4 : 6 : 4 : 1 (χ2  = 3.03; χ2 0.05 = 9.48), which indicates the manifestation of cumulative polymerization.Conclusion. Each of the Rimax and Rico lines has two pairs of independent duplicated genes that determine a high development rate. Under short-day conditions, these genes can interact like cumulative polymers. The Rimax and Rico lines, due to their high development rate, are valuable source material to be used in breeding for earliness.

scholarly journals Examination of Apple (Malus × domestica) Fruit Quality and Tree and Fruit Morphology using Molecular Markers

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 832C-832
Author(s):  
Patrick J. Conner ◽  
Susan K. Brown ◽  
Norman F. Weeden
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Quantitative Traits ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Fruit Morphology ◽  
Genetic Traits ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Plant Form

Two half-sib populations (cross 1 = `Wijcik McIntosh' (WM) × NY 75441-67, and cross 2 = WM × NY 75441-58) were used to create maps for the parents and to find RAPD or isozyme markers for qualitative and quantitative traits. WM is a sport of `McIntosh' and is heterozygous for the dominant columnar (Co) gene for reduced branching. WM is of great interest in breeding because of the tremendous effect of the Co gene on many aspects of plant form. NY 75441-67 and NY 75441-58 are advanced selections with commercial fruit quality and resistance to scab (Vf resistance from M. floribunda). Traits examined included both tree (plant height, stem diameter, suckering, branching habit, leaf break, burr knot production) and fruit (size, shape, color, stem length, seed number) characters and fruit quality traits (pH, acid content, Brix). The conservation of RAPD markers in these closely related crosses will be examined and the usefulness of molecular markers to preselect for components of plant form and fruit quality will be discussed. Molecular markers will increase the efficiency of the apple breeding program by aiding the understanding and manipulation of complex genetic traits.

scholarly journals Крымский бисер – новый бессемянный сорт винограда селекции Института «Магарач»

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.V. Likhovskoi ◽  
V.A. Volynkin ◽  
I.A. Vasylyk ◽  
A.A. Polulyakh ◽  
S.V. Levchenko
Keyword(s):  
Frost Resistance ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Laboratory Research ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Table Grapes ◽  
Abiotic Stress Factors ◽  
Training Technique ◽  
Early Ripening ◽  
Production Period

Селекционерами Института Магарач в результате целенаправленной селекции создан новый бессемянный сорт винограда столового направления использования, отличающийся от сорта-эталона Кишмиш лучистый очень ранним сроком созревания, высокой продуктивностью, относительно высокой устойчивостью к биотическим и абиотическим стресс-факторам биосферы, нарядной гроздью и ягодой, и высоким качеством столового винограда. Элитная форма, оформленная как новый сорт винограда, выделена из популяции сеянцев комбинации скрещивания Подарок Запорожью (колх.) х Русбол улучшенный (колх.) 2009 г. при комплексном изучении популяций столовых форм винограда очень раннего срока созревания. В статье представлены основные ампелографические и биолого-хозяйственные параметры, которыми характеризуется новый перспективный сорт: очень ранний срок созревания (5 августа), продукционный период 110 дней. В результате экспериментальных лабораторных исследований по определению морозоустойчивости сортов и элитных форм винограда установлена средняя морозоустойчивость сорта Крымский бисер (до минус 21 С). Рекомендуемая форма куста кордон на среднем штамбе. Нагрузка 6 глазков на рожке (4 рожка). Схема посадки 3 х 1,5 м. Профилактические обработки против грибных болезней 34 раза в сезон. Возделывание сорта Крымский бисер в производственных насаждениях Южного берега Крыма позволит получать чистую прибыль с 1 га насаждений 1896.0 тыс. руб. ежегодно.As a result of targeted selection, plant selection breeders of the Institute Magarach created a new seedless cultivar of table grapes distinguished from the standard cultivar Kishmish luchistyi by a very early ripening date, high productivity, relatively high resistance to biotic and abiotic stress-factors of the biosphere, elegant bunch and berry, and high quality of table grapes. The elite form formally established as a new grape cultivar has been singled out from the seedlings population Podarok Zhaporozhyu (colchicine treated) x Rusbol ulutshennyi (colchicine treated) as a result of a cross performed in 2009 under a complex study of a population of table grape forms of a very early ripening date. The article summarizes the main ampelographic, biological and commercial parameters characteristic of the new promising cultivar: very early ripening date (5th of August), production period 110 days. Laboratory research on frost-resistance of cultivars and elite grapevine forms established average frost resistance of Krymski biser cultivar (up to -21 degrees Celsius). The recommended bush training technique is a medium trunk cordon. The load of 6 eyes on cane (4 canes on bush). The planting scheme is 3x1.5 m. Prophylactic treatment against fungal diseases 34 times per year. Cultivation of Krymski biser cultivar in commercial vineyards of the southern coast of Crimea will allow obtaining a yearly net profit of 1896.0 thousand roubles from 1 ha of plantations.

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