scholarly journals A Typical Analysis of Flying Ad-Hoc Network Applications in Agriculture and Irrigation System

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caprio Mistry ◽  
Ahona Ghosh ◽  
Mousumi Biswas ◽  
Hitender Vats
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Single Mode ◽  
Mobility Model ◽  
Network Applications ◽  
System P ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Multi Mode

With the speedy technological enhancement and decrementin man power, technologies are being involved in everyphase of our life and their proper application leads to ahealthy life indeed. Agriculture and irrigation are sources ofman’s potential. Different sensors and electronicsequipment are deployed to commercialize in market andmaintaining the cost effectiveness in several domains. Forthe sake of cost effectiveness and the betterment ofagricultural professionals, UAVs (unmanned aerialvehicles) can be deployed for surveillance, utilization ofpesticides and insecticides and detection of bioprocessingerrors. Single mode and multi-mode UAV system both aresuitable for application of FANET. With the propercollaboration and coordination of the clusters of UAVsforming a network, linked with a ground infrastructure,GCS or satellite will exceed the competences of singleUAV system. However, one of the vital design issuesFANETs deal with is in selecting the accurate routingprotocol which is prerequisite for the creation of FANET. Inthis paper we will discuss about the routing protocols ofFANET in different platforms and different strategicmanners. The open research challenges will be discussedand possible solutions will be attempted to be drawn fromconclusion. The main contribution lies in the suggesting themost suitable routing protocol for each particular agricultureapplication based on the mobility model and requirement.

Disaster Relief Management Using Reinforcement Learning-Based Routing

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-37
Author(s):  
Gajanan Madhavrao Walunjkar ◽  
Anne Koteswara Rao ◽  
V. Srinivasa Rao
Keyword(s):  
Reinforcement Learning ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Average Energy ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Adaptive Routing ◽  
Mobility Model ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Disaster Area ◽  
Disaster Scenario

Effective disaster management is required for the peoples who are trapped in the disaster scenario but unfortunately when disaster situation occurs the infrastructure support is no longer available to the rescue team. Ad hoc networks which are infrastructure-less networks can easily deploy in such situation. In disaster area mobility model, disaster area is divided into different zones such as incident zone, casualty treatment zones, transport areas, hospital zones, etc. Also, in order to tackle high mobility of nodes and frequent failure of links in a network, there is a need of adaptive routing protocol. Reinforcement learning is used to design such adaptive routing protocol which shows good improvement in packet delivery ratio, delay and average energy consumed.

The Robustness of RM-DSR Multipath Routing Protocol with Different Network Size in MANET

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 46-57
Author(s):  
Naseer Ali Husieen ◽  
Suhaidi Hassan ◽  
Osman Ghazali ◽  
Lelyzar Siregar
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Mobility Model ◽  
Network Size ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Network Simulator ◽  
Mobile Nodes ◽  
Route Maintenance ◽  
Dynamic Source

This paper evaluates the performance of Reliable Multipath Dynamic Source Routing Protocol (RM-DSR) protocol with different network size compared to DSR protocol. RM-DSR developed in the mobile ad-hoc network to recover from the transient failure quickly and divert the data packets into a new route before the link is disconnected. The performance of RM-DSR protocol is tested in the Network Simulator (NS-2.34) under the random way point mobility model with varying number of mobile nodes. The network size parameter is used to investigate the robustness and the efficiency of RM-DSR protocol compared to DSR protocol. The network size affects the time of the route discovery process during the route establishment and the route maintenance process which could influence the overall performance of the routing protocol. The simulation results indicate that RM-DSR outperforms DSR in terms of the packet delivery ratio, routing overhead, end-to-end delay, normalized routing load and packet drop.

Mobility and Traffic Model Analysis for Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks

2010 ◽  
pp. 214-232
Author(s):  
Shrirang Ambaji Kulkarni ◽  
G. Raghavendra Rao
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobility Model ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Traffic Model ◽  
Mobility Models ◽  
Hoc Networks

Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks represent a specialized application of Mobile Ad Hoc Networks. Here the mobile nodes move in lanes and their mobility can be modeled based on realistic traffic scenarios. To meet the above challenge the goal of defining the mobility model for vehicular ad hoc network along with a realistic traffic pattern is an important research area. Vehicular mobility is characterized by acceleration, deceleration, possibility of different lanes and intelligent driving patterns. Also a modeling of traffic is necessary to evaluate a vehicular ad hoc network in a highway environment. The traffic model has to take into account the driver behavior in order to take decisions of when to overtake, change lanes, accelerate and decelerate. To overcome the limitation of traditional mobility models and mimic traffic models, many traffic model based simulators like CORSIM, PARAMICS and MOVE have been proposed. In this chapter we provide taxonomy of mobility models and analyze their implications. To study the impact of mobility model on routing protocol for vehicular motion of nodes we analyze the performance of mobility models with suitable metrics and study their correlation with routing protocol. We also discuss the fundamentals of traffic engineering and provide an insight into traffic dynamics with the Intelligent Driver Model along with its lane changing behavior.

scholarly journals Development of Modify Random Waypoint Mobility Model of Routing Protocol for the Mobile Ad-Hoc Network

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajay Vyas ◽  
Margam Suthar
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Mobility Model ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc ◽  
Random Waypoint Model ◽  
Random Waypoint

Mobility models are used to evaluated the network protocols of the ad hoc network using the simulation. The random waypoint model is a model for mobility which is usually used for performance evaluation of ad-hoc mobile network. Mobile nodes have the dynamic mobility in the ad hoc network so the mobility model plays an important role to evaluate the protocol performance.In this article, we developed modify random waypoint mobility (MRWM) model based on random waypoint for the mobile ad hoc network. In this article, the comparative analysis of modifying random waypoint mobility and random waypoint model on the ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing protocol has been done for large wireless ad hoc network (100 nodes) with the random mobile environment for the 1800s simulation time. To enhance the confidence on the protocol widespread simulations were accomplished under heavy traffic (i.e. 80 nodes) condition. The proposed model protocol has been investigated with the performance metrics: throughput; packet delivery ratio; packet dropping ratio; the end to end delay and normalized routing overhead. The obtained results revealed that proposed modify random waypoint mobility model reduces the mobility as compared to the random waypoint mobility model and it is trace is more realist.

Improved GPSR Routing Protocol in VANETs

2013 ◽  
Vol 336-338 ◽  
pp. 1877-1881
Author(s):  
Jian Yao ◽  
Hao You Peng ◽  
Tian Fu
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobility Model ◽  
Mobile Nodes ◽  
Greedy Forwarding ◽  
And Topology ◽  
Topology Changes ◽  
Hoc Networks

According to characteristics that the vehicles move fast and topology changes quickly in Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANETs), a novel routing protocol GMGP based on the location is proposed for VANETs. Predicting the changes of the neighboring nodes positions and using greedy forwarding mechanism forward packet, and using a movement perimeter forwarding algorithm to select the next reliable hop node on the basis of direction and velocity of the mobile nodes when the greedy forwarding fails, it improves the reliability of routing. When a more realistic vehicles mobility model is applied to the NS-2 simulation platform, the simulation indicates that the improved routing protocol has better performance than the GPSR routing protocol.

scholarly journals Analisa Hasil Implementasi Standard Wi-Fi Direct pada Komunikasi Jaringan Ad-Hoc antar Kendaraan di Wilayah Bandung

Electrician ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Heriansyah Heriansyah
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobility Model ◽  
Implementation Costs ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Aodv Routing Protocol ◽  
Comprehensive Study

Intisari — Penelitian ini akan menyajikan sebuah studi komprehensif tentang kinerja dan perilaku protokol perutean AODV dan DSDV dengan menggunakan standar Wi-fi Direct. Wi-fi Direct  sendiri merupakan standar jaringan nirkabel baru yang memiliki potensi yang cukup unggul  karena bisa digunakan sebagai alternatif untuk menggantikan standar DSRC di VANET. Untuk melihat unjuk kerja dari Wi-fi Direct maka akan dilakukan pengujian pada dua skenario perutean yang berbeda. Kedua skenario pengujian ini akan disimulasikan dengan model mobilitas yang sebenarnya yang ada di wilayah Kota Bandung melalui bantuan simulator NS-2 dan SUMO. Berdasarkan hasil simulasi yang didapat, protokol perutean AODV menghasilkan nilai QoS yang lebih optimal dibandingkan protokol perutean DSDV. Secara keseluruhan, unjuk kerja yang dihasilkan oleh standar Wi-fi Direct dan protokol perutean AODV layak dijadikan alternatif pengganti standar DSRC guna menghasilkan biaya implementasi yang lebih murah. Kata kunci — AODV, DSDV, VANET, DSRC, Wi-Fi Direct, QoS       Abstract — This research will present a comprehensive study on the performance and behavior of AODV and DSDV routing protocols by using Wi-Fi Direct standard. DSRC is a well-known technology being considered as the most promising wireless standard in VANET. The potential of Wi-Fi Direct technology should be concerned because it can be an alternative to replace DSRC in VANET. Performance of Wi-fi Direct will be tested in two different routing scenarios. They will be simulated with a realistic mobility model in Bandung City to analyze the performance by using simulator NS-2 and SUMO. Based on simulation results, AODV routing protocol produces better QoS than DSDV routing protocol for Wi-fi Direct . Overall, the performance generated by the Wi-fi Direct standard and the AODV routing protocol deserve alternative to the DSRC standard in order to realize cheaper implementation costs. Keywords — AODV, DSDV, VANET, DSRC, Wi-Fi Direct, QoS

scholarly journals Routing Protocol using Fuzzy Logic for Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 4789-4794
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Wireless Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobility Model ◽  
Central Administration ◽  
Mobile Hosts ◽  
Hoc Networks

An ad hoc network is a set of wireless mobile hosts which form a provisional network without the help or central administration of an existing infrastructure. An Ad Hoc vehicle network (VANET) utilizes shifting cars as portable network servers are created. Each involved unit becomes a mobile router with a VANET. The technique of networking of VANET is fast and versatile investments of equipment and VANET will not be restricted by set topology. A big number of road based implementation of portable apps ranging from the dissemination of vehicle warning and vibrant path scheduling to the promotion of context and file sharing are anticipated to assist VANET. The primary issues are: routing, broadcasting, service quality (QoS), collision avoidance, traffic optimization, network management, low error tolerance, security. The most important issues are: The design of an effective VANET routing protocol is very difficult; a relatively more stable routings must be established by the routing protocol. A range of road protocols was developed to deal with the problem of routing. Several protocols do not influence the stream of vehicles through the longest track between the origin and the target. VANET routing protocols efficiency is dependent on different parameters, such as mobility model, operating atmosphere, and many more. Fuzzy logic has been used in the protocol planning studies for wireless Ad Hoc networks, given that it is nice to choose the highest secure path from the notion of the fuzzy sets. In the draft job fuse oriented routing protocol the car lifetime, car number of cars travelling along the same lines and the distance between the stubble regarded three significant considerations for track choice are taken into consideration.

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