scholarly journals Self-Reported Addiction to Pornography in a Nationally Representative Sample: The Role of Use Habits, Religiousness, and Moral Incongruence

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua Grubbs ◽  
Shane W Kraus ◽  
Samuel Perry
Keyword(s):  
Representative Sample ◽  
The United States ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Internet Users ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Pornography Use ◽  
Pornography Addiction ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Representative Samples

Background and Aims: Despite controversies regarding its existence as a legitimate mental health condition, self-reports of pornography addiction seem to occur regularly. In the United States, prior works using various sampling techniques, such as undergraduate samples and online convenience samples, have consistently demonstrated that some pornography users report feeling dysregulated or out of control in their use. Even so, there has been very little work in U.S. nationally representative samples to examine self-reported pornography addiction. Methods: The present study sought to examine self-reported pornography addiction in a U.S. nationally representative sample of adult internet users (N=2,075). Results: Results indicated that most participants had viewed pornography within their lifetimes (n = 1,461), with just over half reporting some use in the past year (n = 1,056). Moreover, roughly 11% of men and 3% of women reported some agreement with the statement “I am addicted to pornography.” Across all participants, such feelings were most strongly associated with male gender, younger age, greater religiousness, greater moral incongruence regarding pornography use, and greater use of pornography. Discussion and Conclusions: Collectively, these findings are consistent with prior works that have noted that self-reported pornography addiction is a complex phenomenon that is predicted by both objective behavior and subjective moral evaluations of that behavior.

Gender and Marital Satisfaction: Data from the National Survey of Families and Households

1998 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 319-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter R. Schumm ◽  
Farrell J. Webb ◽  
Stephan R. Bollman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Marital Satisfaction ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
The United States ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Satisfaction Relationship ◽  
Representative Samples ◽  
Small Support

In 1972, Bernard argued that marriage was good for men and bad for women. Subsequent research noted that wives, on average, reported lower marital satisfaction than husbands. Furthermore, when differences within couples existed on marital satisfaction, the wife was usually the less satisfied spouse; however, most previous studies of the gender/marital satisfaction relationship had not been based on nationally representative samples. A nationally representative sample from the 1988 Survey of Families and Households was used to assess the relationship of gender with marital satisfaction. Within-couple analyses indicated that wives were less satisfied with their marriages than husbands and that, when substantial within-couple differences occurred with respect to marital satisfaction, the wife was usually the less satisfied spouse. Results provide at least small support for feminist assertions about the relatively adverse nature of marriage for women in the United States.

scholarly journals The Behavioral Immune System Shapes Political Intuitions: Why and How Individual Differences in Disgust Sensitivity Underlie Opposition to Immigration

2017 ◽  
Vol 111 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
LENE AARØE ◽  
MICHAEL BANG PETERSEN ◽  
KEVIN ARCENEAUX
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Emotional Processing ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Behavioral Immune System ◽  
Psychological Mechanisms ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
First Time ◽  
Representative Samples

We present, test, and extend a theoretical framework that connects disgust, a powerful basic human emotion, to political attitudes through psychological mechanisms designed to protect humans from disease. These mechanisms work outside of conscious awareness, and in modern environments, they can motivate individuals to avoid intergroup contact by opposing immigration. We report a meta-analysis of previous tests in the psychological sciences and conduct, for the first time, a series of tests in nationally representative samples collected in the United States and Denmark that integrate the role of disgust and the behavioral immune system into established models of emotional processing and political attitude formation. In doing so, we offer an explanation for why peaceful integration and interaction between ethnic majority and minorities is so hard to achieve.

A science confidence gap: Education, trust in scientific methods, and trust in scientific institutions in the United States, 2014

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 704-720 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Achterberg ◽  
Willem de Koster ◽  
Jeroen van der Waal
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Modernization Theory ◽  
Reflexive Modernization ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Educational Differences ◽  
Scientific Institutions ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Great Trust

Following up on suggestions that attitudes toward science are multi-dimensional, we analyze nationally representative survey data collected in the United States in 2014 ( N = 2006), and demonstrate the existence of a science confidence gap: some people place great trust in scientific methods and principles, but simultaneously distrust scientific institutions. This science confidence gap is strongly associated with level of education: it is larger among the less educated than among the more educated. We investigate explanations for these educational differences. Whereas hypotheses deduced from reflexive-modernization theory do not pass the test, those derived from theorizing on the role of anomie are corroborated. The less educated are more anomic (they have more modernity-induced cultural discontents), which not only underlies their distrust in scientific institutions, but also fuels their trust in scientific methods and principles. This explains why this science confidence gap is most pronounced among the less educated.

The role of parenting in the prediction of criminal involvement: Findings from a nationally representative sample of youth and a sample of adopted youth.

2015 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin M. Beaver ◽  
Joseph A. Schwartz ◽  
Eric J. Connolly ◽  
Mohammed Said Al-Ghamdi ◽  
Ahmed Nezar Kobeisy
Keyword(s):  
Representative Sample ◽  
Criminal Involvement ◽  
Nationally Representative

scholarly journals Association of HIV infection with age and symptomatic carotid atherosclerotic disease at the time of carotid intervention in the United States

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 467-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy C Lin ◽  
Brittany N Burton ◽  
Andrew Barleben ◽  
Martin Hoenigl ◽  
Rodney A Gabriel
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
The United States ◽  
Atherosclerotic Disease ◽  
Symptomatic Carotid ◽  
Patient Demographics ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Male Sex ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Inpatient Database

The primary objectives of this work were: (1) to describe trends in HIV prevalence among those undergoing carotid intervention (carotid endarterectomy or carotid artery stenting) in the United States; and (2) to determine if HIV infection is independently associated with symptomatic carotid atherosclerotic disease or age at the time of carotid intervention. In a nationally representative inpatient database from 2004 to 2014, HIV infection was associated with younger age at the time of carotid intervention (59 years [SE 0.2] vs 71 years [SE 0.01], p < 0.001), male sex (83% vs 58%, p < 0.001), black race (21% vs 4%, p < 0.001), and symptomatic carotid atherosclerotic disease (18.8% vs 11.0%, p < 0.001). Among those undergoing carotid intervention, there was a significant increase in the prevalence of HIV from 0.08% in 2004 to 0.17% in 2014 ( p < 0.001). After adjustment for patient demographics, comorbidities and other covariates, HIV infection remained significantly associated with younger age (–8.9 years; 95% CI: –9.7 to −8.1; p < 0.001) at the time of carotid intervention, but HIV infection was not independently associated with symptomatic carotid atherosclerotic disease.

Government Employees’ Experience and Expectation of COVID-19 Hardships: The Moderating Role of Gender and Race in the United States

2021 ◽  
pp. 027507402110492
Author(s):  
JungHo Park ◽  
Yongjin Ahn
Keyword(s):  
Gender Gap ◽  
The United States ◽  
Census Bureau ◽  
Government Employees ◽  
Income Loss ◽  
Gender And Race ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Moderating Role ◽  
The U.S

This article examines government employees’ experience and expectation of socioeconomic hardships during the COVID-19 pandemic—employment income loss, housing instability, and food insufficiency—by focusing on the role of gender and race. Employing the Household Pulse Survey, a nationally representative and near real-time pandemic data deployed by the U.S. Census Bureau, we find that government employees were less affected by the pandemic than non-government employees across socioeconomic hardships. However, female and racial minorities, when investigated within government employees, have a worse experience and expectation of pandemic hardships than men and non-Hispanic Whites. Our findings suggest a clear gender gap and racial disparities in the experience and expectation of pandemic hardships.

scholarly journals Identifying Predictive Characteristics of Opioid Medication Use among a Nationally Representative Sample of United States Older Adults with Pain and Comorbid Hypertension or Hypercholesterolemia

Healthcare ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 341
Author(s):  
David R. Axon ◽  
Shannon Vaffis ◽  
Srujitha Marupuru
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Chronic Conditions ◽  
Functional Limitation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Medical Expenditure ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Opioid Users

The prevalence of older adults with pain and comorbid cardiovascular conditions is increasing in the United States (U.S.). This retrospective, cross-sectional database study used 2017 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey data and hierarchical logistic regression models to identify predictive characteristics of opioid use among a nationally representative sample of older U.S. adults (aged ≥50 years) with pain in the past four weeks and comorbid hypertension (pain–hypertension group) or hypercholesterolemia (pain–hypercholesterolemia group). The pain–hypertension group included 2733 subjects (n = 803 opioid users) and the pain–hypercholesterolemia group included 2796 subjects (n = 795 opioid users). In both groups, predictors of opioid use included: White race versus others, Hispanic versus non-Hispanic ethnicity, 1 versus ≥5 chronic conditions, little/moderate versus quite a bit/extreme pain, good versus fair/poor perceived mental health, functional limitation versus no functional limitation, smoker versus non-smoker, and Northeast versus West census region. In addition, Midwest versus West census region was a predictor in the pain–hypertension group, and 4 versus ≥5 chronic conditions was a predictor in the pain–hypercholesterolemia group. In conclusion, several characteristics of older U.S. adults with pain and comorbid hypertension or hypercholesterolemia were predictive of opioid use. These characteristics could be addressed to optimize individuals’ pain management and help address the opioid overdose epidemic.

Statin use protective for chronic rhinosinusitis in a nationally representative sample of the United States

2020 ◽  
Vol 130 (4) ◽  
pp. 848-851 ◽  
Author(s):  
James H. Wilson ◽  
Spencer C. Payne ◽  
Cyrelle‐Elize R. Fermin ◽  
Ian Churnin ◽  
Jamiluddin Qazi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Chronic Rhinosinusitis ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
The United States ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Statin Use
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