scholarly journals Maradona in our minds: Memory for the FIFA World Cup reveals common effects between individual and collective memories.

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luz Bavassi ◽  
Laura Kaczer ◽  
Rodrigo S. Fernández
Keyword(s):  
Collective Memory ◽  
Serial Position Effect ◽  
Position Effect ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Sporting Events ◽  
World Cup ◽  
Collective Memories ◽  
Fifa World Cup ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of

The FIFA World Cup football (soccer) tournament is one of the most widely watched sporting events in the world. Particularly, the Argentina national football team has appeared in five World Cup finals, winning two of them, and the general support for this team represents a long-standing tradition in this country. In the present study, we asked whether the history of the FIFA World Cup constructs a significant collective memory. Considering that this is an idiosyncratic and informal knowledge, largely affected by emotions, we hypothesized that it constitutes a solid ground for addressing collective memory properties. An online memory task was conducted asking to a large group of Argentine adults (N=407) which country was the winner, the runner-up, and the host of each FIFA World Cup tournament that took place since 1930 to 2014. In addition, participants were asked to rank the emotional content and the response confidence of each tournament. Finally, participants reported a number of keywords associated with each World Cup edition, to measure the memory detail. Overall, our results reveal the existence of a robust collective memory for the World Cup, showing a high memory accuracy and detail along the history of the championships. We demonstrated the presence of parallel effects between individual and collective memories, such as a serial-position effect, a modulation by emotion and a reminiscence bump. In addition, we modelled the forgetting curves for different World Cups, revealing that the most memorable ones where could take almost a century to fade from collective memory.

Introduction

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Tamir Sorek ◽  
Danyel Reiche
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Middle East ◽  
The United States ◽  
Abu Dhabi ◽  
Sporting Events ◽  
World Cup ◽  
Fifa World Cup ◽  
The World ◽  
Global Affairs

Sports in the Middle East have become a major issue in global affairs: Qatar’s successful bid for the FIFA World Cup 2022 (won in a final vote against the United States), the 2005 UEFA Champions League Final in Turkey’s most populous city Istanbul, the European basketball championship EuroBasket in 2017 in Israel, and other major sporting events, such as the annually staged Formula 1 races in Bahrain and Abu Dhabi, have put an international spotlight on the region. In particular, media around the world are discussing the question of whether the most prestigious sporting events should be staged in a predominantly authoritarian, socially conservative, and politically contentious part of the world....

Remembering the 2006 Football World Cup in Germany: Epistemic and social consequences of perceived memory sharedness

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 298-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
René Kopietz ◽  
Gerald Echterhoff
Keyword(s):  
Collective Memory ◽  
Social Identification ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Public Event ◽  
World Cup ◽  
Fifa World Cup ◽  
Shared Reality ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Memory Confidence

According to shared-reality theory, the sharing of memories satisfies the need for confident knowledge (an epistemic consequence) and belongingness (a social-affiliative consequence). In two experiments, German participants remembered a public event with collective importance—the 2006 Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) World Cup in Germany. We examined whether inducing perceptions of sharedness increases confidence in one’s memory of the event (an epistemic consequence) and social identification with the national group (an affiliative consequence). Because episodic, but not semantic, memories entail the reconstruction of the social context of the original experience, they should elicit feelings of shared relevance to a greater extent than do semantic memories. Consistent with our rationale, memory confidence, perceptions of shared relevance, and identification with Germany were enhanced after participants recalled episodic (vs semantic) memories regarding the World Cup. In Experiment 2, we added a more direct manipulation of perceived sharedness: participants were asked to think about people with similar (vs dissimilar) memories. We found that memory confidence, perceptions of shared relevance, and identification with Germany were greater in the high sharedness conditions. In both experiments, the effects on memory confidence and identification were mediated by perceived shared relevance. Overall, the findings demonstrate important cognitive and social consequences of collective memory.

scholarly journals Football and sex: The 2006 FIFA World Cup and sex trafficking

Temida ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanja Milivojevic ◽  
Sharon Pickering
Keyword(s):  
Organized Crime ◽  
Sex Trafficking ◽  
Sex Industry ◽  
Human Right ◽  
World Cup ◽  
Protective Measures ◽  
Fifa World Cup ◽  
Nation States ◽  
The World ◽  
Diverse Groups

The staging of the 2006 Federation of International Football Association (FIFA) World Cup brought together a wide ranging coalition of interests in fuelling a moral panic around sex trafficking in Europe. This coalition of diverse groups aimed to protect innocent third world women and prevent organized crime networks from luring them into the sex industry. In this article we will argue that as a result of increased attention prior to the World Cup 'protective measures' imposed by nation-states and the international community to prevent "disastrous human right abuses" (Crouse, 2006) have seriously undermined women's human rights, especially in relation to migration and mobility. We survey media sources in the lead up to the World Cup to identify the nature of the coalition seeking to protect women considered to be vulnerable to trafficking and the discourses relied upon that have served to undermine women's agency and diverse experiences of increased border and mobility controls. We conclude that measures introduced around the 2006 World Cup in relation to sex trafficking did not end with its final whistle.

scholarly journals Evaluating the impact of mega-sporting events on hotel pricing strategies: the case of the 2014 FIFA World Cup

2017 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 184-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert A. Barreda ◽  
Sandra Zubieta ◽  
Han Chen ◽  
Marina Cassilha ◽  
Yoshimasa Kageyama
Keyword(s):  
Revenue Management ◽  
Sporting Events ◽  
Pricing Strategies ◽  
World Cup ◽  
Fifa World Cup ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Sporting Event ◽  
Hotel Performance ◽  
The Impact

PurposeThis study aims to examine the impact of a mega-sporting event “2014 FIFA World Cup” on hotel pricing strategies and performance. Design/methodology/approachThe present project examines the host regions’ response to the 2014 FIFA World Cup which was established by the variance in the main hotel key performance indexes: occupancy, average daily rate, revenue per available room (RevPAR) and supply. Using data gathered from STR, this research distinctly shows how the Brazilian host regions reacted to the World Cup. FindingsResults suggest that the key performance indicators of Brazil’s lodging sector reacted differently to the World Cup. Although all hosting cities experienced significant RevPAR growth because of the increase in hotel room rates during the event, the supply and occupancy performed differed from each city. Research limitations/implicationsResearch is limited to the case of hotel performance at the country level for mega-events. The study focused on the reaction of revenue managers in the Latin America context. Other contexts may generate different results. Practical implicationsThe study helps revenue managers to examine how the FIFA World Cup travel demand affected pricing strategies and revenue management practices in the Brazilian hotel sector in areas undergoing seasonal growths in overnight tourism. This study serves to inform hoteliers and practitioners about revenue management pricing strategies to improve hotel performance during mega-sporting events. Social implicationsThis study reveals that the benefits brought by a mega-event are not always translated into strong hotel revenue performance. This study highlights an important but understudied research area of revenue management pricing strategies and the effect of mega-sporting events in the hotel sector. This study contributes to the literature as one of the few investigations to benefit hotel pricing strategies and overall revenue performance. Originality/valueThis study is one of the few studies about exploring the reaction of revenue managers during the execution of a mega-sporting event. The value of the present study lies in the fact that the authors extend previous studies examining the impact of the most important sporting event in the hotel industry at the country-level perspective. This study serves to inform hoteliers and practitioners about revenue management pricing strategies to improve hotel performance during mega-sporting events.

Issues around the FIFA World Cup 2018 in Russia: A showcase of how sports and politics mix

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 283-296
Author(s):  
Danyel Reiche
Keyword(s):  
Future Research ◽  
Minor Importance ◽  
World Cup ◽  
The West ◽  
Fifa World Cup ◽  
Public Resources ◽  
The World ◽  
Russian Politics ◽  
The Right ◽  
First Time

Summery The 2018 FIFA World Cup in Russia was another demonstration in how sports and politics mix. In protest of Russian politics, few leaders from Western countries attended. For this World Cup, public resources were misused in that half of the stadiums built in Russia were left as “white elephants” with no longterm use. The tournament in Russia marked a shift from the West to the East with sponsors from authoritarian countries having saved the business model of FIFA. The policy of fining misconduct during the World Cup showed FIFA’s commitment to protect its remaining sponsors while proclaimed values, such as fighting racism, were of minor importance. The case of Iranian women using the opportunity not only to attend their national team’s games in Russia but also to advocate for the right of women to enter stadiums in Iran showed that football can also be an agent for social change. In two countries (Germany, United States), World Cup matches hosted female commentators on television for the first time. In Belgium, players operated largely above the Flemish-Walloon divide. The article concludes by comparing the last World Cup in Russia with the next one in Qatar and identifying topics for future research.

scholarly journals Maradona in our minds: The FIFA World Cup as a way to address collective memory properties

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 469-480
Author(s):  
Luz Bavassi ◽  
Laura Kaczer ◽  
Rodrigo S. Fernández
Keyword(s):  
Collective Memory ◽  
World Cup ◽  
Fifa World Cup

Addressing ecology and sustainability in mega-sporting events: The 2006 football World Cup in Germany

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 587-600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harald Dolles ◽  
Sten Söderman
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Sporting Events ◽  
World Cup ◽  
Sporting Event ◽  
History Of ◽  
Waste Energy ◽  
First Time ◽  
Water Waste

AbstractFor the first time in the history of FIFA (Fédération Internationale de Football Association), the football (soccer) World Cup held in Germany 2006 specifically addressed environmental concerns. By doing so, the German Organizing Committee did not have the objective of creating a short-term vision, but rather of making a long-term and lasting contribution to the improvement of environmental protection in hosting a mega-sporting event. By taking the football world cup in Germany as a case study, we will provide insights into the so-called ‘Green Goal’ programme and its four main areas: water, waste, energy, and transportation. From a global point of view, climate protection was added by the Organizing Committee as the fifth area of action and was recognised as a cross-sectorial task. Finally, questions are addressed on how to apply those measurements in the planning and organisation of other mega (-sporting) events.

scholarly journals A Study on the Serial Position Effect of Memory according to Illumination of LED Light

2019 ◽  
Vol 120 ◽  
pp. 01002
Author(s):  
Chung Won Lee ◽  
Jin Ho Kim ◽  
In Keuk Hwang
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Serial Position ◽  
Serial Position Effect ◽  
Position Effect ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Word List ◽  
Memory Retention ◽  
Position Effects ◽  
Serial Position Effects ◽  
Significant Difference

The purpose of this study was to verify the forms of the effect of serial position effects of memory according to the illuminance of light. This study was conducted as an experimental method, and 21 adults without cognitive impairment participated in the study. The illuminance condition was designed with high illuminance condition of 1,000 lx and low illuminance condition of 300 lx. The memory task used word list of 20 items consisting of a series of pointless spellings. After memorizing the word list for 10 minutes, the participant performed a retention task 24 hours later. The memory retention task consisted of filling the empty part of the learned word and completing the word. The analysis was performed by dividing the word items into three conditions: primacy, middle, and recency. Primacy used the first item in the word list, Middle used the 10th item in the middle of the word list, and finally Recency used the last item in the word list for analysis. The result was F = 4.16 (p = .02), and showed that there was a statistically significant difference in memory retention of primacy, middle, and recency at 95% confidence level in dim condition.

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