Emotion Regulation Difficulties and Social Control Correlates of Smoking among Pregnant Women Trying to Quit

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Fillo ◽  
Kimberly E. Kamper-DeMarco ◽  
Whitney C. Brown ◽  
Paul R. Stasiewicz ◽  
Clara M. Bradizza
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Social Control ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Nicotine Dependence ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Withdrawal Symptoms ◽  
Smoking During Pregnancy ◽  
Pregnant Smokers

Approximately 15% of US women currently smoke during pregnancy. An important step toward providing effective smoking cessation interventions during pregnancy is to identify individuals who are more likely to encounter difficulty quitting. Pregnant smokers frequently report smoking in response to intrapersonal factors (e.g., negative emotions), but successful cessation attempts can also be influenced by interpersonal factors (i.e., influence from close others). This study examined the association between emotion regulation difficulties, positive and negative social control (e.g., encouragement, criticism), and smoking cessation-related variables (i.e., smoking quantity, withdrawal symptoms) among pregnant smokers. Data were drawn from the pretreatment wave of a smoking cessation trial enrolling low-income pregnant women who self-reported smoking in response to negative affect (N = 73). Greater emotion regulation difficulties were related to greater smoking urges (b = 0.295, p = .042) and withdrawal symptoms (b = 0.085, p = .003). Additionally, more negative social control from close others was related to fewer smoking days (b = -0.614, p = .042) and higher smoking abstinence self-efficacy (b = 0.017, p = .002). More positive social control from close others interacted with negative affect smoking (b = -0.052, p = .043); the association between negative affect smoking and nicotine dependence (b = 0.812, p < .001) only occurred at low levels of positive social control. Findings suggest that emotion regulation difficulties may contribute to smoking during pregnancy by exacerbating women's negative experiences related to smoking cessation attempts. Negative social control was related to lower smoking frequency and greater confidence in quitting smoking, suggesting that it may assist pregnant smokers' cessation efforts. Positive social control buffered women from the effects of negative affect smoking on nicotine dependence.

scholarly journals High Rates of Menthol Cigarette Use Among Pregnant Smokers: Preliminary Findings and Call for Future Research

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 1711-1717 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura R Stroud ◽  
Chrystal Vergara-Lopez ◽  
Meaghan McCallum ◽  
Allison E Gaffey ◽  
Alana Corey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Nicotine Dependence ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Menthol Cigarette ◽  
Pregnant Smokers ◽  
Racial Ethnic ◽  
In Pregnancy

Abstract Introduction Smoking during pregnancy remains widespread and is causally associated with infant morbidity and mortality. Despite links between menthol cigarette use and decreased smoking cessation, little is known regarding rates or characteristics of pregnant menthol cigarette smokers. Methods Participants were drawn from two low-income, racially/ethnically diverse cohorts of pregnant smokers recruited from 2006 to 2015 (N = 166, Mage = 25 ± 5). Demographics, menthol cigarette use, daily cigarette use, quit status, and consecutive weeks quit were assessed by prospective interviews. Nicotine dependence was assessed using the Fagerström Test of Nicotine Dependence. Nicotine levels were assessed via saliva cotinine. Results High rates of menthol use were found in both cohorts (85% and 87%). Across both cohorts, menthol smokers were more likely to identify as racial/ethnic minorities, were less educated, and reported lower income than non-menthol smokers (ps < .03). Menthol smokers also reported fewer continuous weeks quit (8.4 vs. 14.5 weeks quit; p < .03) and a tendency toward decreased likelihood of quitting smoking over pregnancy (29% vs. 48%; p < .08) in unadjusted but not in covariate-adjusted analyses. No differences emerged in cigarettes per day, nicotine dependence or nicotine exposure. Conclusions We found very high rates of menthol cigarette use in pregnant smokers—particularly among racial/ethnic minority and low socioeconomic status smokers—and some evidence for associations with reduced smoking cessation in pregnancy. Consideration of pregnant smokers as a uniquely vulnerable population is warranted in evaluating regulation of menthol in cigarettes. Further research is needed regarding the impact of menthol on smoking persistence in pregnancy and on maternal and infant health outcomes. Implications This study highlights high rates of menthol cigarette use in pregnant women in the Northeast, United States, with evidence for higher rates of menthol use among racial/ethnic minority, less educated and low-income pregnant smokers, and preliminary evidence for associations between menthol cigarette use and reduced smoking cessation. Consideration of the effects of menthol on smoking persistence in pregnant women and on the health of their offspring is warranted in the development of regulations regarding menthol in cigarettes.

scholarly journals Smoking Cessation for Pregnant Smokers: Development and Pilot Test of an Emotion Regulation Treatment Supplement to Standard Smoking Cessation for Negative Affect Smokers

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 578-584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clara M. Bradizza ◽  
Paul R. Stasiewicz ◽  
Yue Zhuo ◽  
Melanie Ruszczyk ◽  
Stephen A. Maisto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Pilot Test ◽  
Pregnant Smokers

scholarly journals CYP2A6 polymorphisms are associated with nicotine dependence and influence withdrawal symptoms in smoking cessation

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Kubota ◽  
C Nakajima-Taniguchi ◽  
T Fukuda ◽  
M Funamoto ◽  
M Maeda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Nicotine Dependence ◽  
Withdrawal Symptoms

What Happens When GPs Proactively Prescribe NRT Patches in a Disadvantaged Community

2005 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 64-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Copeland ◽  
R Robertson ◽  
R Elton
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Nicotine Dependence ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Alcohol Problems ◽  
Prescription Data ◽  
Disadvantaged Community ◽  
Disadvantaged Area ◽  
Study Results

Background and Aims: The high prevalence of smoking in disadvantaged communities gives serious cause for concern in terms of adverse effects on health and social outcomes. In Scotland, smoking—related lung cancer rates are particularly high and compare less favourably with the rest of the UK and Europe. GPs are increasingly being recognised as having an important role in smoking cessation and are allowed to prescribe NRT to those on a low income. This study aimed to follow up a group patients from a disadvantaged area who had been prescribed nicotine patches by their GP. Methods: An initial self-complete questionnaire gathered details on age, sex, motivation, marital status, employment history, contact with other smokers, concern about weight gain, and nicotine dependence. (Nicotine dependence was assessed by using the Tagerstrom Test). Follow up was carried out at three months after commencing NRT prescription. Data was also gathered from patient case notes as to whether the participant had a smoking-related diagnosis, periods of depression, drug and/or alcohol problems. Outcome was measured in terms of “smoke the same”, “smoke less” and “stopped”. The statistical methods used for testing each factor against smoking were Spearman rank correlation, chi-squared test for trend and Kruskal-Wallis test. Basic descriptive statistics were used to report general outcomes of the study. Results: The study enrolled 120 patients but 19 were lost to follow up. Out of 101 who used their prescription, 35 were smoking the same, 46 were smoking less and 20 had stopped. The variables most strongly affecting outcome were age, with older smokers having more success (p<0.001), and those who had a diagnosis of depression having a worse outcome in terms of smoking cessation (p<0.05). Conclusion: This study's findings indicate that encouraging GPs to take a proactive approach in prescribing NRT is effective, even in an area of socio-economic deprivation, and particularly with older smokers.

scholarly journals Tobacco smoking in pregnant women: fifty years of evolution in France

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
V Demiguel ◽  
B Blondel ◽  
C Bonnet ◽  
R Andler ◽  
M J Saurel-Cubizolles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Smoking Prevalence ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
University Graduates ◽  
Smoking Reduction ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Smoking During Pregnancy ◽  
Smoking Trends ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors

Abstract Background Smoking during pregnancy is a major modifiable risk factor for maternal and foetal morbidity. We aimed to describe 1/smoking trends in France between 1972 and 2016, 2/ the factors associated with smoking cessation and reduction during pregnancy in 2016. Methods French National Perinatal Surveys are routine surveys based on a representative sample of births (N = 11,733 in 2016). Data were collected in face-to-face interviews in postnatal wards and from the mother’s medical record. Smoking rates before pregnancy and during 3rd trimester were estimated for each study year and characteristics associated with smoking reduction (relative percent change in number of cigarettes smoked before and during pregnancy &lt;50% or ≥ 50%) compared with smoking cessation were analysed using multinomial logistic regression. Results After significantly decreasing from 1995 onwards, smoking prevalence stagnates since 2010 both before pregnancy and in the 3rd trimester (30.1% and 16.2%, respectively in 2016). In 2016, 45.8% ceased smoking during pregnancy, 37.2% reduced by ≥ 50% their consumption and 16.9% reduced by &lt; 50% or did not reduce at all. The more cigarettes women smoked before pregnancy, the greater this reduction was (p &lt; 0,001). Moderate reduction (&lt;50%) vs stopping was more frequent in multiparae compared to nulliparae (aOR=2,47 [IC95%:1,93-3,15]) and in women with low education (aOR(&lt;High school vs university graduates)=7,20 [4,78-10,82]) and low income (aOR(&lt;1500€per month/&gt;3000€)=2,30 [1,51-3,50]). Conclusions Smoking rates were high before and during pregnancy in France in 2016. Socio-demographic factors should be considered when targeting women most at risk of continuing smoking during pregnancy. Key messages After significantly decreasing from 1995 onwards, smoking prevalence stagnates since 2010 both before pregnancy and in the 3rd trimester in France. Supporting female smokers of childbearing age in their attempts to quit and remain non-smokers even after pregnancy is crucial, especially in multiparae and women in poor social condition.

Alexithymia and Negative Affect: Relationship to Cigarette Smoking, Nicotine Dependence, and Smoking Cessation

1994 ◽  
Vol 61 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 156-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A. Lumley ◽  
Karen Downey ◽  
Laurence Stettner ◽  
Francine Wehmer ◽  
Ovide F. Pomerleau
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Nicotine Dependence

scholarly journals Medicaid Coverage of Smoking Cessation Counseling and Medication Is Underutilized for Pregnant Women

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 656-659 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taneisha S. Scheuermann ◽  
Kimber P. Richter ◽  
Lisette T. Jacobson ◽  
Theresa I. Shireman
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Nicotine Replacement Therapy ◽  
Claims Data ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Smoking Cessation Counseling ◽  
Smoking Cessation Treatment ◽  
Pregnant Smokers ◽  
Cessation Treatment

Abstract Introduction: Policies to promote smoking cessation among Medicaid-insured pregnant women have the potential to assist a significant proportion of pregnant smokers. In 2010, Kansas Medicaid began covering smoking cessation counseling for pregnant smokers. Our aim was to evaluate the use of smoking cessation benefits provided to pregnant women as a result of the Kansas Medicaid policy change that provided reimbursement for physician-provided smoking cessation counseling. Methods: We examined Kansas Medicaid claims data to estimate rates of delivery of smoking cessation treatment to Medicaid-insured pregnant women in Kansas from fiscal year 2010 through 2013. We analyzed the number of pregnant women who received physician-provided smoking cessation counseling indicated by procedure billing codes (ie, G0436 and G0437) and medication (ie, nicotine replacement therapy, bupropion, or varenicline) located in outpatient managed care encounter and fee-for-service claims data. We estimated the number of Medicaid-insured pregnant smokers using the national smoking prevalence (14%) in this population and the number of live births reported in Kansas. Results: Annually from 2010 to 2013, approximately 27.2%–31.6% of pregnant smokers had claims for nicotine replacement therapy, bupropion, or varenicline. Excluding claims for bupropion, a medication commonly prescribed to treat depression, claims ranged from 9.3% to 11.1%. Following implementation of Medicaid coverage for smoking cessation counseling, less than 1% of estimated smokers had claims for counseling. Conclusions: This low claims rate suggests that simply changing policy is not sufficient to ensure use of newly implemented benefits, and that there probably remain critical gaps in smoking cessation treatment. Implications: This study evaluates the use of Medicaid reimbursement for smoking cessation counseling among low-income pregnant women in Kansas. We describe the Medicaid claims rates of physician-provided smoking cessation counseling for pregnant women, an evidence-based and universally recommended treatment approach for smoking cessation in this population. Our findings show that claims rates for smoking cessation benefits in this population are very low, even after policy changes to support provision of cessation assistance were implemented. Additional studies are needed to determine whether reimbursement is functioning as intended and identify potential gaps between policy and implementation of evidence-based smoking cessation treatment.

The effect of cigarette smoking on fetal heart rate tracing during pregnancy

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyriaki Spyridou ◽  
Ioanna Chouvarda ◽  
Leontios Hadjileontiadis ◽  
Nikolaos Maglaveras
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Fetal Heart Rate ◽  
Fetal Heart ◽  
Multiscale Entropy ◽  
Smoking During Pregnancy ◽  
Pregnant Smokers ◽  
Linear And Nonlinear ◽  
Pregnant Smoker ◽  
Singleton Pregnancies

AbstractObjective:The objective of this study is to investigate the alterations caused by smoking on the features of fetal heart rate (FHR) tracings as well as to make a comparison between pregnant smokers and pregnant women with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR).Study design:A number of established features derived from linear and nonlinear fields were employed to study the possible influence of maternal smoking on FHR tracings. Moreover, correlation and measures of complexity of the FHR were explored, in order to get closer to the core of information that the signal of FHR tracings conveys. Data included FHR tracings from 61 uncomplicated singleton pregnancies, 16 pregnant smoker cases, and 15 pregnancies of women with IUGR.Results:The analysis of FHR indicated that some parameters, such as mutual information (P=0.0025), multiscale entropy (P=0.01), and algorithmic complexity (P=0.024) appeared decreased in the group of pregnant smokers, while kurtosis (P=0.0011) increased. The comparison between pregnant smokers and pregnant women with IUGR indicated a reduction in Hjorth complexity (P=0.039) for the former.Conclusion:Smoking during pregnancy seems to induce differences in several linear and nonlinear indices in recordings of FHR tracings. This may be the consequence of an altered neurodevelopmental maturation possibly resulting from chronic fetal hypoxemia in cigarette-exposed fetuses.

scholarly journals Dual use of alternative forms of cigarettes and traditional smoked tobacco in Pregnant Smokers

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andre Bertani ◽  
Suzana Erico Tanni ◽  
Irma Godoy
Keyword(s):  
Elementary Education ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Nicotine Dependence ◽  
Secondhand Smoke ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Dual Use ◽  
Previous Pregnancy ◽  
Gestational Period ◽  
Informed Consent Form ◽  
Pregnant Smokers

Abstract Background to assess the prevalence of concomitant use of alternative forms of tobacco and analyze tobacco smoking characteristics in pregnant women. Methods: 127 pregnant women who smoked conventional cigarettes were evaluated during prenatal care. Those signing the informed consent form responded to a specific questionnaire containing questions related to general characteristics, comorbidities, gestational history, smoking history, secondhand smoke, degree of nicotine dependence, motivation stage and the prevalence of concomitant use of alternative forms of tobacco. They were separated into those who smoked conventional cigarettes only and those who smoked conventional cigarettes associated with straw cigarettes, waterpipe and/or e-cigarettes. Results: Mean age was 26.9 ± 6.6 years, most had only elementary education and belonged to economic classes C and D. Diagnosis of pulmonary disease was reported by 23.6% and cardiovascular diseases by 53.5%. Twenty-five (19.6%) smoked conventional cigarettes only and 102 also smoked alternative forms of tobacco. Those who smoked only conventional cigarettes had significantly lower smoke-load than those using alternative forms of tobacco. Those who smoked conventional cigarettes and waterpipe had higher nicotine dependence than other groups. Secondhand smoking was common (82.6%) and 59.1% were contemplative in relation to cessation. Conclusions: The prevalence of alternative tobacco forms is high and factors such as smoking during previous pregnancy, alcohol consumption during current pregnancy and high smoke-load may have contributed to the maintenance of smoking in the gestational period.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document