scholarly journals Cognition, Human Evolution and the possibilities for an Ethics of Warfare and Peace

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Barreiros ◽  
Daniel Ribera Vainfas
Keyword(s):  
Human Evolution ◽  
Ethical Behavior ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
African Apes ◽  
Hard Power

African apes live in large stable social groups with an increased potential for conflict between individual agendas; a reasonable volume of evidence has suggested an instinctive and ethological basis for their intrasocial ethical behavior. Would there be some innate and ethological behavioral basis for ethics in human intersocietal relations, whether in war (providing the limits to the exercise of hard power), or in peace (establishing standards for preservation of intersocietal non-hostility)? As a hypothesis, we suggest that human exclusivity in the exercise of the ethics of warfare and peace is a product of the human transdominial cognition, capable of recombining and re-signifying innate behavioral algorithms through culture, applying them to absolutely innovative functions.

scholarly journals Cognition, Human Evolution and the possibilities for an Ethics of Warfare and Peace

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Barreiros ◽  
Daniel Ribera Vainfas
Keyword(s):  
Human Evolution ◽  
Ethical Behavior ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
African Apes ◽  
Hard Power

African apes live in large stable social groups with an increased potential for conflict between individual agendas; a reasonable volume of evidence has suggested an instinctive and ethological basis for their intrasocial ethical behavior. Would there be some innate and ethological behavioral basis for ethics in human intersocietal relations, whether in war (providing the limits to the exercise of hard power), or in peace (establishing standards for preservation of intersocietal non-hostility)? As a hypothesis, we suggest that human exclusivity in the exercise of the ethics of warfare and peace is a product of the human transdominial cognition, capable of recombining and re-signifying innate behavioral algorithms through culture, applying them to absolutely innovative functions.

scholarly journals Dolphins and African apes: comparisons of sympatric socio-ecology

2007 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 235-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maddalena Bearzi ◽  
Craig B. Stanford
Keyword(s):  
Related Species ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Food Competition ◽  
Food Resources ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
African Apes ◽  
The Way

Dolphins and African apes are distantly related mammalian taxa that exhibit striking convergences in their socioecology. In both cetaceans and African apes, two or more closely related species sometimes occur in sympatry. However, detailed reviews of the ways in which sympatric associations of dolphins and apes are similar have not been done. As field studies of dolphins and apes have accumulated, comparisons of how the two groups avoid direct food competition when in sympatry have become possible. In this paper we review sympatric ecology among dolphins and African apes, and examine convergences in species-associations in each taxa. We review evidence for hypotheses that seek to explain avoidance of food competition, and consider whether ape-dolphin similarities in this area may be related to the way in which social groups in both taxa optimally exploit their food resources.

Homo canis

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond Pierotti ◽  
Brandy R. Fogg
Keyword(s):  
Human Evolution ◽  
Homo Sapiens ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Modern Human ◽  
Biological Species ◽  
Shared Experience ◽  
Nuclear Families ◽  
Religious Traditions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of

This chapter examines what it means to be human, a member of the biological species Homo sapiens. Comparing humans to a wide range of primates, it shows that no other species has a similar social structure, with social groups of varying sizes built around nuclear families. Moreover, it explores how these traits may have been shaped by humans' shared experience with Canis lupus. Humans are indeed unique, but their adaptations emerge from a set of unusual events, and a considerable amount of the history of modern human evolution seems to be influenced by their association with wolves and their dog descendants. The chapter then demonstrates how modern attitudes toward predators result from religious traditions rather than scientific understanding.

Settlement, Society and Cognition in Human Evolution

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fiona Coward ◽  
Robert Hosfield ◽  
Matt Pope ◽  
Francis Wenban-Smith
Keyword(s):  
Human Evolution

A Test of Three Sadism Measures

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 219-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bojana M. Dinić ◽  
Tara Bulut Allred ◽  
Boban Petrović ◽  
Anja Wertag
Keyword(s):  
Item Response ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Similarity Index ◽  
Dark Triad ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Fit Indices ◽  
Profile Similarity ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Positive Correlations

Abstract. The aim of this study was to evaluate psychometric properties of three sadism scales: Short Sadistic Impulse Scale (SSIS), Varieties of Sadistic Tendencies (VAST, which measures direct and vicarious sadism), and Assessment of Sadistic Personality (ASP). Sample included 443 participants (50.1% men) from the general population. Reliability based on internal consistency of all scales was good, and results of Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) showed that all three scales had acceptable fit indices for the proposed structure. Results of Item Response Theory (IRT) analysis showed that all three scales had higher measurement precision (information) in above-average scores. Validity of the scales was supported through moderate to high positive correlations with the Dark Triad traits, especially psychopathy, as well as positive correlations with aggressiveness and negative with Honesty-Humility. Moreover, results of hierarchical regression analysis showed that all three measures of direct, but not vicarious sadism, contributed significantly above and beyond other Dark Triad traits to the prediction of increased positive attitudes toward dangerous social groups. The profile similarity index showed that the SSIS and the ASP were highly overlapping, while vicarious sadism seems distinct from other sadism scales.

Animals as Social Objects

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 206-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Verónica Sevillano ◽  
Susan T. Fiske
Keyword(s):  
Social Perception ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Social Responses ◽  
Content Model ◽  
Stereotype Content ◽  
Nonhuman Animals ◽  
Behavioral Tendencies ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Sphere Of Influence

Abstract. Nonhuman animals are typically excluded from the scope of social psychology. This article presents animals as social objects – targets of human social responses – overviewing the similarities and differences with human targets. The focus here is on perceiving animal species as social groups. Reflecting the two fundamental dimensions of humans’ social cognition – perceived warmth (benign or ill intent) and competence (high or low ability), proposed within the Stereotype Content Model ( Fiske, Cuddy, Glick, & Xu, 2002 ) – animal stereotypes are identified, together with associated prejudices and behavioral tendencies. In line with human intergroup threats, both realistic and symbolic threats associated with animals are reviewed. As a whole, animals appear to be social perception targets within the human sphere of influence and a valid topic for research.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document