scholarly journals DEMOGRAPHIC DEVELOPMENT IN THE CONTEXT OF THE PANDEMIC COVID-19: CHALLENGES FOR THE ECONOMY

2021 ◽  
pp. 123-140
Author(s):  
Galina Semeko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Sharp Increase ◽  
Birth Rate ◽  
Demographic Parameters ◽  
Demographic Changes ◽  
Demographic Development ◽  
Life Expectancy At Birth ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
The World ◽  
Socioeconomic Problems

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to serious shifts in the trajectory of demographic development in the world, including Russia. These shifts not only affect the reproduction of the population, but also lead to the exacerbation of many socioeconomic problems. The article analyzes the sharp increase in morbidity of people and mortality, the decrease in birth rate and life expectancy at birth, and changes in other demographic parameters. The assessment of the scale and specificity of these demographic changes, including in gender and age dimensions, are presented.

scholarly journals Emerging Demographic Transition in India

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-149
Author(s):  
S. Sunitha
Keyword(s):  
Birth Rate ◽  
Population Policy ◽  
Population Characteristics ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
World Population ◽  
Population Changes ◽  
Death Rates ◽  
Life Expectancy At Birth ◽  
The World ◽  
And Migration

Demographics of India is remarkably diverse. India is the second most populous country in the world with more than one sixth of the world population. The stock of any population changes with time. There are three components of population changes which are fertility, mortality and migration. Socio economic phenomena of population development and their impact and differentials like urbanization, infant mortality rate, migration and causes of death are important to understand the population characteristics. It is observed that the growth of population depends on birth rate and death rates in India. During first phase birth rate as well as death rate was high. In the fourth phase birth rate and death rates are decline. It was also found that life expectancy at birth had been gradually increased in India. There is a need to coordinate the population policy with education policy. Employment generation programmes has been launched in the country to solve unemployment problem and mitigate rural unemployment.

scholarly journals Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on life expectancy in Madrid (Spain)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergi Trias-Llimós ◽  
Usama Bilal
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Surveillance System ◽  
Excess Mortality ◽  
Daily Mortality ◽  
Life Expectancy At Birth ◽  
The World ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mortality Surveillance ◽  
Annual Mortality

The COVID-19 pandemic is causing substantial increases in mortality across populations, potentially causing stagnation or decline in life expectancy. We explored this idea by examining the impact of excess mortality linked to the COVID-19 crisis on life expectancy in the region of Madrid (Spain). Using data from the Daily Mortality Surveillance System (MoMo), we calculated excess mortality (death counts) for the weeks 10th to 14th in 2020 using data on expected and observed mortality, assuming no further excess mortality during the rest of the year. The expected annual mortality variation was +6%, +21% and +25% among men aged under 65, between 65 and 74 and over 75, respectively, and +5%, +13%, and 18% for women, respectively. This excess mortality during weeks 10th to 14th resulted in a life expectancy at birth decline of 1.6 years among men and 1.1 years among women. These estimates confirm that Madrid and other severely hit regions in the world may face substantial life expectancy declines.

GeroPsychology

2006 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 312-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rocío Fernández-Ballesteros
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Applied Field ◽  
Well Being ◽  
European Population ◽  
Expected Number ◽  
Life Expectancy At Birth ◽  
The World ◽  
Year 2000

Europe is the oldest continent in the world; in the year 2000, about 17% of Europeans (EU-15) were older than 65, and projections say that in the year 2025 one-fourth of the European population will have reached this age. Nevertheless, the threat to the population is not aging but disability; although life expectancy at birth is about 80, the expected number of years with disability runs from 5.7 to 7.2 years ( WHO, 2002 ). The United Nations recently approved the II International Plan of Action on Aging (MIPAA, UN, 2002) with special recommendation for the European region. This situation is highly demanding both for the science of psychology and for European psychologists. This article introduces a set of research programs - linked with the three priority directions of the MIPAA - as examples of how psychology is one of the disciplines calling for improved quality of life and well-being in old age and, therefore, GeroPsychology as an applied field should be consolidated in the next decades.

scholarly journals The Cause and Benefits of GDP

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 413-423
Author(s):  
Gordon Bechtel
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Polynomial Regression ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Fractional Polynomial ◽  
Life Expectancy At Birth ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
Employment Rates ◽  
Wealth Of Nations

It has recently been shown that world GDP FP-Causes world life expectancy at birth, where FP denotes fractional polynomial (Bechtel, 2021).  This article shows that American and Chinese GDPs FP-Cause world life expectancy even more strongly than world GDP does.  These striking results beg the question: what FP-Causes American and Chinese GDPs?  The answer is globalization, which is also shown here.  Furthermore, it is demonstrated that American and Chinese GDPs also FP-Cause world literacy and employment rates.  It remains to be seen if the World Bank or International Monetary Fund can show that the GDPs of the other (less affluent) 18 nations in the G20 Fp-cause their country’s life expectancy, as well as their literacy and employment rates.  Yearly, pre-pandemic, within-nation increments in these variables can then be compared with subsequent decrements to assess an endogenous viral effect on each country’s well-being.  These comparisons will expose inequalities across nations due to the varying wealth of nations.  The results in this article are brought by Royston and Altman’s (1994) generalization of polynomial regression, which estimates both coefficients and their  powers.                                                                                                                    

Senior Entrepreneurship in the Neighborhood Stores

2020 ◽  
pp. 92-114
Author(s):  
Omar Alonso Patiño C. ◽  
Michael Enrique Torres Franco ◽  
Laura Marcela Patiño G.
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
General Framework ◽  
Birth Rate ◽  
World Population ◽  
The World ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Senior Entrepreneurship ◽  
Young Entrepreneurs

Senior entrepreneurship is a topic that has recently given rise to research processes, given the change that occurs in the composition of the world population, with a declining birth rate and a life expectancy upward, and the permanent need of governments to generate more jobs. The first studies of senior entrepreneurship were conducted in the mid-90s, when it began to be identified that people over 50 were developing business initiatives, late, with particularities that differentiated them from the creation of companies in a general framework. In Colombia research processes have not been developed on this topic, and given the importance of it, this chapter presents the results of entrepreneurship in neighborhood stores, establishing the differences that are found between young entrepreneurs and mature entrepreneurs, in the integral management of their business.

Prevalence of obesity and longevity: cohort study using national statistics

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
V V Vlassov ◽  
G Lyapin
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Purchasing Power Parity ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Power Parity ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
Life Expectancy At Birth ◽  
Upper Limit ◽  
The World ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Positive Effect

Abstract Background Obesity is a problem of major concern all around the world. On the personal level it leads not only to a decrease in life expectancy, but also increases the burden on health care. Objective of this study was to review the correlation between the longevity and prevalence of obesity in countries stratified by their economic prosperity. Methods We did a retrospective longitudinal analysis based on the World Bank and Global Burden of Disease data for the period from 1980 to 2015. We grouped countries by the national gross domestic product (GDP) per capita in purchasing power parity, and analyzed the correlation between life expectancy at birth, obesity prevalence for both sexes, 20+ years old, age-adjusted. For calculations and plotting we employ Python, libraries pandas, NumPy. Results We grouped countries at different time point during the study interval. Some countries changed their place in the range of GDP, and thus the shape of the curves describing the connection of obesity and longevity changed. In all groupings countries that are more affluent demonstrates higher longevity and higher prevalence of obesity. At all levels of GDP during the period of analysis we found the increase in obesity prevalence and increase of longevity. In poor countries the small increase in obesity prevalence is accompanied by the significant increase in longevity. Obesity-longevity tracks for individual countries suggest that they reflect the specific periods of the blossom or crisis in national economy and related aspects of life. For rich countries obesity-longevity curves suggest that the positive correlation is approaching the upper limit. Conclusions During the period 1980-2015 life expectancy is increasing at all levels of GDP with increase in the prevalence of obesity. Positive effect of a better nutrition, reflected by the prevalence of obesity, is powerful, but approaching its upper limit in the affluent countries. Key messages At all levels of economic development the life expectance is increasing with prevalence of obesity. Positive effect of a better nutrition, reflected by the prevalence of obesity, is powerful, but approaching its upper limit in the affluent countries.

scholarly journals Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on life expectancy in Madrid (Spain)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergi Trias-Llimós ◽  
Usama Bilal
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Surveillance System ◽  
Excess Mortality ◽  
Daily Mortality ◽  
Life Expectancy At Birth ◽  
The World ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mortality Surveillance ◽  
Annual Mortality

The COVID-19 pandemic is causing substantial increases in mortality across populations, potentially causing stagnation or decline in life expectancy. We explored this idea by examining the impact of excess mortality linked to the COVID-19 crisis on life expectancy in the region of Madrid (Spain). Using data from the Daily Mortality Surveillance System (MoMo), we calculated excess mortality (death counts) for the weeks 10th to 14th in 2020 using data on expected and observed mortality, assuming no further excess mortality during the rest of the year. The expected annual mortality variation was +6%, +21% and +25% among men aged under 65, between 65 and 74 and over 75, respectively, and +5%, +13%, and 18% for women, respectively. This excess mortality during weeks 10th to 14th resulted in a life expectancy at birth decline of 1.6 years among men and 1.1 years among women. These estimates confirm that Madrid and other severely hit regions in the world may face substantial life expectancy declines.

scholarly journals The Determinants of Mortality

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 97-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Cutler ◽  
Angus Deaton ◽  
Adriana Lleras-Muney
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Good Theory ◽  
World War ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
Aids Epidemic ◽  
Life Expectancy At Birth ◽  
The World

The pleasures of life are worth nothing if one is not alive to experience them. Through the twentieth century in the United States and other high-income countries, growth in real incomes was accompanied by a historically unprecedented decline in mortality rates that caused life expectancy at birth to grow by nearly 30 years. In the years just after World War II, life expectancy gaps between countries were falling across the world. Poor countries enjoyed rapid increases in life-expectancy through the 1970s, with the gains in some cases exceeding an additional year of life expectancy per year, though the HIV/AIDS epidemic and the transition in Russia and Eastern Europe have changed that situation. We investigate the determinants of the historical decline in mortality, of differences in mortality across countries, and of differences in mortality across groups within countries. A good theory of mortality should explain all of the facts we will outline. No such theory exists at present, but at the end of the paper we will sketch a tentative synthesis.

scholarly journals Psychiatry and mental health in Portugal

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 88-90
Author(s):  
João Marques-Teixeira ◽  
Elisabete Fradique
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Birth Rate ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
Healthy Life ◽  
Resident Population ◽  
Life Expectancy At Birth ◽  
South West

Portugal is in the south-west of Europe; its territory includes the Azores and Madeira islands, giving it an area of 91 900 km2. The total resident population of Portugal was 10 579 000 in 2006. The population density was 115 per km2. The birth rate has been declining, from 20.0 per 1000 population in 1970 to 10.4 in 2004. Life expectancy at birth in 2006 was 75 for males and 82 years for females. Healthy life expectancy at birth in 2003 was 67 and 72 years, respectively. The infant mortality rate decreased from 10.8 per 1000 in 1991 to 3.5 per 1000 in 2005. The median age of the population has been steadily rising.

scholarly journals Psychiatry in Qatar

2006 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 16-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suhaila Ghuloum ◽  
Mohammed A. Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Government Expenditure ◽  
Arabian Gulf ◽  
Official Language ◽  
Literacy Rate ◽  
Life Expectancy At Birth ◽  
The World ◽  
Oil And Natural Gas ◽  
Per Capita

The State of Qatar is a peninsula overlooking the Arabian Gulf, with an area of 11400 km2. The Al Thani family has ruled the country since the mid-1800s. The population of just over 860000 is of a multi-ethnic nature, and predominantly resides in the capital, Doha. Only about 20% of the population is Qatari. Around 73% of the population are between the ages of 15 and 64 years. Life expectancy at birth is 74.8 years for males and 73.8 years for females. The literacy rate is 94.9% for men and 82.3% for women. Arabic is the official language and English is a common second language. The economy is dominated by oil and natural gas, and the country has one of the highest per capita incomes in the world. The per capita government expenditure on health is $574 (international dollars), which is among the highest in the region.

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